View source for Hebraization of English

{{short description|Transliteration of English language into Hebrew script}}
{{About|the Hebraization of English|Romanization of Hebrew|Romanization of Hebrew|phonetic transcription|International Phonetic Alphabet for Hebrew}}
{{multiple issues|
{{how-to|date=July 2024}}
{{original research|date=July 2024}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2024}}}}
The '''Hebraization of English''' (or '''Hebraicization''')<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=Hebraize Random House Unabridged Dictionary: Hebraize]</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hebraicize Random House Unabridged Dictionary: Hebraicize]</ref> is the use of the [[Hebrew alphabet]] to write [[English language|English]]. Because Hebrew uses an [[abjad]], it can render English words in multiple ways. There are many uses for hebraization, which serve as a useful tool for [[Israel]]i learners of English by indicating the pronunciation of unfamiliar letters. An example would be the English name spelled "Timothy", which can be Hebraized as "{{lang|en|{{script/Hebrew|טימותי}}}}" in the Hebrew alphabet.

==Table==
=== Consonants ===

For [[full spelling]], when a reader is likely to err in the reading of a word, the use of [[niqqud]] or [[partial vowelling|partial niqqud]] is recommended.  This is especially true when writing foreign words, unfamiliar words, ambiguous words, or words that take a [[dagesh]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="5"| Single letters
|-
!width="0%"| Letter
! Variations
! Hebrew
! English Examples
! [[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]]
|-
! a
| colspan="4"|  {{center|'''''[[Hebraization of English#Vowels and diphthongs|Vowel: See table below]]'''''}}
|-
! b
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">בּ</span>}} ([[Bet (letter)|Bet]]) ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ב</span>}})
| '''b'''ut, we'''b'''
| b
|-
!! rowspan="2" | c
| Hard C
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ק</span>}} ([[Qoph|Kuf]])
| '''c'''at, '''k'''id, uni'''q'''ue
| k
|-
| Soft C
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ס</span>}} ([[Samekh]]),<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">שׂ</span>}}  ([[Sin (letter)|Sin]]) ''(sin not normally used for transliterations)'' ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ש</span>}})</small>
| '''c'''ity, '''c'''enter, fa'''c'''ade
| s
|-
! d
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ד</span>}} ([[Dalet (letter)|Dalet]])
| '''d'''o, '''D'''avi'''d'''
| d
|-
! e
| colspan="4"|  {{center|'''''[[Hebraization of English#Vowels and diphthongs|Vowel: See table below]]'''''}}
|-
! f
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">פ ף</span>}} ([[Pe (Semitic letter)|Fe]])
| '''f'''ool, lea'''f'''
| f
|-
!! rowspan="3" | g
| Hard G
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ג</span>}} ([[Gimmel (letter)|Gimel]])
| '''g'''o, '''g'''et, be'''g'''
| ɡ
|-
| Soft G
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ג׳</span>}} ([[Gimmel (letter)|Gimel]] with [[geresh]])
| '''g'''ym, '''j'''oy, mo'''d'''ule
| dʒ
|-
| French soft G
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ז׳</span>}} ([[Zayin]] with [[geresh]])
| sei'''z'''ure, massa'''g'''e, vi'''s'''ion, equa'''t'''ion, dé'''j'''à vu
| ʒ
|-
! h
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ה</span>}} ([[He (letter)|He]])
| '''h'''en
| h
|-
!! rowspan="2" | j
| [[Affricate consonant|Affricative]] J
 | {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ג׳</span>}} ([[Gimmel (letter)|Gimel]] with [[geresh]])
| '''j'''ob, '''g'''entle, e'''d'''ucation
| dʒ
|-
| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] J
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ז׳</span>}} ([[Zayin]] with [[geresh]])
| '''J'''acques, '''g'''enre, dé'''j'''à vu
| ʒ
|-
! k
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ק</span>}} ([[Qoph|Kuf]]),<br />
| '''c'''ar, '''k'''eep, s'''k'''ill
| k
|-
! l
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;;line-height:normal">ל</span>}} ([[Lamed]])
| '''l'''ike, coo'''l'''
| l
|-
! m
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">מ ם</span>}} ([[Mem (letter)|Mem]])
| '''m'''an, '''m'''o'''m'''
| m
|-
! n
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">נ ן</span>}} ([[Nun (letter)|Nun]])
| '''n'''ice, ta'''n'''
| n
|-
! o
| colspan="4"|  {{center|'''''[[Hebraization of English#Vowels and diphthongs|Vowel: See table below]]'''''}}
|-
! p
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">פּ</span>}} ([[Pe (Semitic letter)|Pe]]) ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">פ</span>}})
| '''p'''en, s'''p'''in, ti'''p'''
| p
|-
!! rowspan="2" | q
| Q followed by U
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">קְו</span>}} ([[Qoph|Kuf]]-[[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]]) ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">קוו</span>}})
| '''qu'''ick, '''qu'''ite
| kw
|-
| Q not followed by U
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ק</span>}} ([[Qoph|Kuf]]),<br />
| tran'''q''', she'''q'''els
| k
|-
! r
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ר</span>}} ([[Resh|Reish]])
| '''r'''oyal, b'''r'''ighte'''r'''
| ɹ,ɚ
|-
!! rowspan="4" | s
| [[Voiceless alveolar fricative|Voiceless]] S
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ס</span>}}  ([[Samekh]]),<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">שׂ</span>}}  ([[Sin (letter)|Sin]]) ''(sin not normally used for transliterations)'' ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ש</span>}})</small>
| '''s'''mile, rock'''s''', '''c'''aesar
| s
|-
| [[Voiced alveolar fricative|Voiced]] S (Z sound)
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ז</span>}}  ([[Zayin]])
| ro'''s'''e, doɡ'''s''', tub'''s'''
| z
|-
| [[Voiceless postalveolar fricative|Voiceless postalveolar]] S (SH sound)
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">שׁ</span>}} ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ש</span>}})
| '''s'''ure, '''s'''uɡar, o'''c'''ean, cau'''t'''ion
| ʃ
|-
| [[Voiced postalveolar fricative|Voiced postalveolar]] S
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ז׳</span>}} ([[Zayin]] with [[geresh]])
| plea'''s'''ure, vi'''s'''ion
| ʒ
|-
! t
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ט</span>}} ([[Tet (letter)|Tet]]),<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ת</span>}} ([[Tav (letter)|Tav]]) ''(tav not normally used for transliterations)''</small>
| '''t'''wo, s'''t'''ing, be'''t''', walke'''d'''
| t
|-
! u
| colspan="4"|  {{center|'''''[[Hebraization of English#Vowels and diphthongs|Vowel: See table below]]'''''}}
|-
! v
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ו</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]]) <small>''(at beginning of a word or in the middle, when not next to a [[Waw/Vav (letter)|vav]] acting as a vowel [/o/ or /u/])''</small><br />([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">וו</span>}}: <small>Vav is doubled in the middle of a word but not at the beginning except if initial [[Prefixes and suffixes in Hebrew|affix letter]] except "and" prefix)</small>,<br />{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ב</span>}} ([[Vet (letter)|Vet]]) <small>''(at end of a word or in the middle, when next to a [[Waw/Vav (letter)|vav]] acting as a vowel [/o/ or /u/])''</small>
| '''v'''oice, li'''v'''e, o'''f'''
| v
|-
! w
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ו</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]]) <small>''(transliterated as a 'v' sound, but often pronounced with 'w' sound though prior knowledge)''</small>,<br />([[ktiv male|full spelling]]: follows rule for Vav above)<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ו׳</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[geresh]]) ''(non-standard (indicates 'w' sound), and not used in general transliterations)''</small>
| '''w'''e, k'''u'''ala, pers'''u'''asion
| w
|-
!! rowspan="2" | y
| Consonant
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">י</span>}} ([[Yodh|Yud]]) ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">יי</span>}}: <small>Yud is doubled in the middle of a word for {{IPA|/ei, ai/}} but not at the beginning or after [[Prefixes and suffixes in Hebrew|affix letters]])</small>
| '''y'''es, f'''j'''ord, '''e'''ureka, on'''i'''on
| j
|-
| Vowel
| colspan="3"|  {{center|'''''[[Hebraization of English#Vowels and diphthongs|Vowel: See table below]]'''''}}
|-
!! rowspan="3" | x
| Z sound
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ז</span>}}  ([[Zayin]])
| '''x'''ylophone, '''x'''erox, '''x'''eno
| z
|-
| KS sound
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%">קְס</span>}} ([[Qoph|Kuf]]-[[Samekh]])<br />{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">כְּס</span>}} ([[Kaph]]-[[Samekh]]) [[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">כס</span>}}
| fo'''x''', te'''x'''t, e'''x'''it
| ks
|-
| EX sound
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">אֶקְס</span>}}  ([[Aleph]] with [[segol]]-[[Qoph|Kuf]] with [[sh'va]]-[[Samekh]]) ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;;line-height:normal">אקס</span>}})
| '''X'''-ray, '''X'''’s and O’s
| e̞ks
|-
! z
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ז</span>}}  ([[Zayin]])
| '''z'''ebra, reali'''z'''e
| z
|-
! colspan="5"|Multiple letters
|-
! Letters
! Variations
! Hebrew
! English Examples !! [[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]]
|-
! ng
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">נג</span>}} ([[Nun (letter)|Nun]]-[[Gimel]]),
| tha'''n'''k, a'''n'''ger, so'''ng'''
| ŋ
|-
!! rowspan="3" | ch
| Normal CH
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">צ׳</span>}} ([[Tsadi]] with [[geresh]])
| '''ch'''air, na'''t'''ure, '''c'''ello
| tʃ
|-
| K sound
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">כ ך</span>}} ([[Chaph]]) <small>''(transliterated as an {{audio-nohelp|voiceless uvular fricative.ogg|/x/ sound}} (like German CH below), because a 'ch'<br />making a 'k' sound is from the [[Greek language|Greek]] letter [[Chi (letter)|Chi]] which also makes the /x/ sound.)''</small>,<br />{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ק</span>}} <small>([[Qoph|Kuf]]) ''(indicates 'k' sound, only used for a direct transliteration)''</small>
| '''ch'''aos, '''ch'''aracter, psy'''ch'''ology
| k
|-
| German CH
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ח</span>}} ([[Heth|Het]]) (at beginning of a word),<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">כ ך</span>}} ([[Chaph]]) ''(usually in the middle of a word, always at end of a word)''</small>
|Scottish lo'''ch''', '''ch'''anukah
| χ
|-
!! rowspan="2" | th
|  [[Voiceless dental fricative|Voiceless]]<br />[[Voiceless dental fricative|dental fricative]]
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ת</span>}} ([[Taw|Tav]]) <small>''(transliterated as a 't' sound)''</small>,<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">ת׳</span>}} ([[Taw|Tav]] with [[geresh]]) ''(more accurate (indicates 'th' sound), but not used in general transliterations)''</small>
| '''th'''ing, tee'''th'''
| t~θ~s
|-
|  [[Voiced dental fricative|Voiced]]<br />[[Voiced dental fricative|dental fricative]]
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ד</span>}} ([[Dalet]]) <small>''(transliterated as a 'd' sound)''</small>,<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">ד׳</span>}} ([[Dalet]] with [[geresh]]) ''(more accurate (indicates  'th' sound), but not used in general transliterations)''</small>
| '''th'''is, brea'''the''', fa'''th'''er
| d~ð~z
|-
! sh
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">שׁ</span>}} ([[Shin (letter)|Shin]]) ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ש</span>}})
| '''sh'''e, fla'''sh''', '''ch'''ef, crot'''ch'''et
| ʃ
|-
! ts
| ''none''
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">צ ץ</span>}} ([[Tsadi]]),<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;;line-height:normal">תס</span>}} ([[Taw|Tav]]-[[Samekh]]) ''(tav-samekh not normally used for transliterations)''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">תשׂ</span>}} ([[Taw|Tav]]-[[Sin (letter)|Sin]])  ''(tav-sin not normally used for transliterations)'' ([[ktiv male|full spelling]] {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">תש</span>}})</small>
| pi'''zz'''a, pre'''tz'''el, '''ts'''unami, ha'''ts'''
| ts
|-
|}

====Final letters====
Five letters in Hebrew, [[Nun (letter)|Nun]], [[Mem (letter)|Mem]], [[Tsadi]], [[Pe (Semitic letter)|Pe/Fe]], and [[Kaph|Kaf]], all have final or sofit ([[Hebrew]]: סוֹפִית ''sofit'') forms.  That means, that the letters' appearances change when they are at the end of words from [[כ]], [[פ]], [[צ]], [[מ]], [[נ]] to [[ך]], [[Pe (Semitic letter)|ף]], [[ץ]], [[ם]], [[ן]] respectively.  Final forms are used in transliteration when appropriate, with the exception of foreign words ending in a [p] sound, which retain the non-final form of [[פ]], such as "קטשופ" ("ketchup"), as the word with a normal final form would be pronounced "ketchuph".

=== Vowels and diphthongs===
Since vowels are not consistent in English, they are more difficult to transliterate into other languages.  Sometimes they are just transcribed by the actual English letter, and other times by its actual pronunciation (which also varies).  For the most accurate transliteration, below is a table describing the different vowel sounds and their corresponding letters.

Hebrew has only 5 vowel sounds, with lack of discrimination in Hebrew between long and short vowels.  In comparison, English which has around 12 vowel sounds (5 long, 7 short) depending on dialect.  As a result, words such as sit/seat ({{IPA|/sɪt/}} and {{IPA|/siːt/}}), hat/hut ({{IPA|/hæt/}} and {{IPA|/hʌt/}}), and cop/cope ({{IPA|/kɒp/}} and {{IPA|/koʊp/}}) are transliterated as the Hebrew vowels {{IPA|/i/}}, {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/o/}}.  The English pronunciation can be known through prior context.

Vowels will sometimes be put into Hebrew by their letters, and not by their sounds, even though it is less accurate phonetically.  For example, any sort of "a" sound written with the letter "o", (ex. mom, monitor, soft), will often be transliterated as an "o" vowel, that is, with a vav (ו).  The same is the case for an -or ending (pronounced -er), it will also often be transliterated with a vav as well.  If the word with the "a" sound (such as "a" or "ah"), as in "ta ta", or "spa", it will be treated as an "a".

For [[full spelling]], the ''[[niqqud]]'' (the "dots") is simply omitted, if [[partial vowelling]] is desired, especially for letters like Vav, then the niqqud is retained.

The picture of the "'''O'''" represents whatever Hebrew letter is used.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="5" | Vowels
|-
!width="0%"| Letter
! Hebrew
! English Examples
! [[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]]
! [[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]] after [[transliteration|trans.]]
|-
!! rowspan="5" | a
| <span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:30px" dir="rtl>סָ</span>&lrm;<!--the svg image is incorrect--> (letter with [[kamatz]]),  [[Image:Hebrew Patah.svg|35px]] (letter with [[patach|patah]]),<br />{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">אַ/אָ</span>}} ([[Aleph|Alef]] with [[kamatz]] or [[patach]]) <small>(Not part of ordinary Hebrew spelling but sometimes used in transliterations)</small>
| r'''u'''n, en'''ou'''gh
| a/ʌ
| rowspan="5" | ä
|-
| Note for below: This sound (æ) (ex. hat) does not exist in Hebrew.<br />As a result, it is always transliterated as if it were an (a) sound (ex. hut).
| rowspan="2" | m'''a'''t, h'''a'''t
| rowspan="2" | æ
|-
| <span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:30px" dir="rtl>סָ</span>&lrm;<!--the svg image is incorrect--> (letter with [[kamatz]]),  [[Image:Hebrew Patah.svg|35px]] (letter with [[patach|patah]]),<br />{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">אַ/אָ</span>}} ([[Aleph|Alef]] with [[kamatz]] or [[patach]]) <small>(Not part of ordinary Hebrew spelling but sometimes used in transliterations)</small>
|-
| Note for below: These sounds (ɑ/ɒ) (ex. pawn) do not exist in Hebrew.<br />As a result, it is transliterated as if it were an (a) sound (ex. pun).
| rowspan="2" | sp'''a''', p'''o'''t, l'''aw'''
| rowspan="2" | ɑː/ɒː
|-
| <span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:30px" dir="rtl>סָ</span>&lrm;<!--the svg image is incorrect--> (letter with [[kamatz]]),  [[Image:Hebrew Patah.svg|35px]] (letter with [[patach|patah]]),<br />{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">אַ/אָ</span>}} ([[Aleph|Alef]] with [[kamatz]] or [[patach]]) <small>(Not part of ordinary Hebrew spelling but sometimes used in transliterations)</small>
|-
! e
| [[Image:Hebrew Segol.svg|35px]] (letter with [[segol]]), <small>[[Image:Hebrew Zeire.svg|25px]] (letter with [[zeire]]) (more [[Ambiguity|ambiguous]])</small>
| m'''e'''t, ɡ'''e'''t, '''e'''nter
| e
| e̞
|-
!! rowspan="3" | i
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%; direction:rtl">י</span>}}[[File:Hebrew Hiriq.svg|35px]] ([[Yodh|Yud]] preceded by letter with [[hiriq|hirik]]), <small>[[Image:Hebrew Hiriq.svg|25px]] (letter with [[hiriq|hirik]]) (not used in [[Ktiv male|full spelling]])</small>
| tin'''y''', k'''ey''', h'''e''', sw'''i'''ng
| iː
| rowspan="3" | i
|-
| Note for below: This sound (ɪ) (ex. mitt) does not exist in Hebrew.<br />As a result, it is always transliterated as if it were an (i) sound (ex. meet).
| rowspan="2" | t'''i'''p, m'''y'''th
| rowspan="2" | ɪ
|-
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%; direction:rtl">י</span>}}[[File:Hebrew Hiriq.svg|35px]]  ([[Yodh|Yud]] preceded by letter with [[hiriq|hirik]]), <small>[[Image:Hebrew Hiriq.svg|25px]] (letter with [[hiriq|hirik]]) (not used in [[Ktiv male|full spelling]])</small>
|-
!! rowspan="3" | o
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;line-height:1em;">וֹ</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[holam]]), <span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:30px" dir="rtl>סֹ</span> <small> (succeeding letter with [[cholom]]) (not used in [[Ktiv male|full spelling]])</small>
| n'''o''', t'''ow''', m'''oa'''n, t'''o'''ll
| o/əʊ
| rowspan="3" | o̞
|-
| Note for below: These sounds (ɑ/ɒ) (ex. cop) do not exist in Modern Hebrew.<br />As a result, it is transliterated as if it were an (o) sound (ex. cope).
| rowspan="2" | m'''o'''p, h'''o'''t, w'''a'''sh, t'''a'''ll, '''aw'''e, '''o'''n
| rowspan="2" | ɑː/ɒ/ɔː
|-
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;line-height:1em;">וֹ</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[holam]]), <span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:30px" dir="rtl>סֹ</span> <small> (succeeding letter with [[cholom]]) (not used in [[Ktiv male|full spelling]])</small>
|-
!! rowspan="3" | uː
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">וּ</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[shuruk]]), <small>[[Image:Hebrew Backslash Qubuz.svg|25px]] (letter with [[kubutz]]) (not used in [[Ktiv male|full spelling]])</small>
| t'''u'''be, s'''oo'''n, thr'''ou'''gh
| uː
| rowspan="3" | u
|-
| Note for below: This sound (ʊ) (ex. look) does not exist in Hebrew.<br />As a result, it is always transliterated as if it were an (u) sound (ex. luke).
| rowspan="2" | l'''oo'''k, p'''u'''t, c'''ou'''ld
| rowspan="2" | ʊ̜/ɯ̽
|-
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">וּ</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[shuruk]]), <small>[[Image:Hebrew Backslash Qubuz.svg|25px]] (letter with [[kubutz]]) (not used in [[Ktiv male|full spelling]])</small>
|-
! colspan="5"| Diphthongs
|-
! ei
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">יי</span>}} ([[Yodh (letter)|Yud]]-[[Yod (letter)|Yud]]) <small>(used specifically in transliterations)</small>, <small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">י</span>}}[[Image:Hebrew Segol.svg|25px]] (letter with [[segol]]-[[Yodh (letter)|Yud]]) (not normally used for transliterations),<br />[[Image:Hebrew Zeire.svg|25px]] (letter with [[zeire]]) (not normally used for transliterations, also more [[Ambiguity|ambiguous]] and used only in certain words)</small>
| d'''ay''', w'''ai'''t, gr'''ey'''
| ej
| e̞j
|-
! ai
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">יי</span>}} ([[Yodh (letter)|Yud]]-[[Yodh (letter)|Yud]]) <small>(used specifically in transliterations)</small>, <small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">י</span>}}<span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:25px" dir="rtl">סָ</span><!--the svg image is incorrect--> (letter with [[kamatz]]-[[Yodh|Yud]]) (not normally used for transliterations),<br />{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">י</span>}}[[Image:Hebrew Patah.svg|25px]] (letter with [[patach|patah]]-[[Yodh|Yud]]) (not normally used for transliterations)</small>
| f'''i'''ne, wh'''y'''
| {{IPA|aj}}
| {{IPA|äj}}
|-
! oi
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">וֹי</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[holam male]]-[[Yohd|Yud]])
| l'''oi'''n, b'''oy'''
| {{IPA|oj}}
| {{IPA|o̞j}}
|-
! <span style="color: gray">''ui''</span>
| <span style="color: gray">''{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">וּי</span>}} (Vav with shuruk-Yud)''</span>
| s'''wee'''p, q'''uee'''n
| <span style="color: gray">''{{IPA|uj}}''</span>
| ''uj''
|-
! ao
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">או</span>}} ([[Aleph|Alef]]-[[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]])
| t'''ow'''n, m'''ou'''se, p'''ou'''t
| {{IPA|aʊ}}
| {{IPA|äw}}
|-
! yu
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">יוּ</span>}} ([[Yohd|Yud]]-[[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[shuruq|shuruk]])
| c'''u'''te, arɡ'''u'''e, '''u'''nit, f'''ew''', '''you'''
| {{IPA|ju}}
| {{IPA|ju}}
|-
! colspan="5"| Hiatus
|-
! ui
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">וּאִי</span>}} ([[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[shuruq|shuruk]]-[[Aleph|Alef]]-[[Yodh|Yud]] with [[hiriq|hirik]]-[[Yodh|Yud]])
| L'''ouie''', g'''ooey,''' che'''wy'''
| {{IPA|uːiː}}
| {{IPA|u.i}}
|-
|}

====At the beginning or end of a word====
The following are special cases for vowels at the beginning or end of a word. "O", "U", or "I" sound different at the beginning of a word, because they have no consonants before them. Therefore, [[Waw/Vav (letter)|Vav]] and [[Yodh|Yud]], by themselves, would be assumed to be their consonant versions ("V" and "Y" respectively) and not their vowel versions.

If the sounds (that is, vowels with no consonants before it) are made in the middle of a word, the same thing is done as shown below (or looking up, replace the '''"<span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:larger">ס</span>"''' with the [[aleph]]).

For [[full spelling]], the ''[[niqqud]]'' (the "dots") are simply omitted.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="5" | At the beginning of a word
|-
!width="0%"| Letter
! Hebrew
! English Examples
! [[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]]
! [[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]] after [[transliteration|trans.]]
|-
! o
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">אוֹ</span>}} ([[Aleph (letter)|Aleph]]-[[Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[holam]])<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">עוֹ</span>}} ([[Ayin]]-[[Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[holam]]) ''(not normally used for transliterations)''</small>
| '''o'''pen
| o
| o̞
|-
! u
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">אוּ</span>}} ([[Aleph (letter)|Aleph]]-[[Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[shuruk]])<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">עוּ</span>}} ([[Ayin]]-[[Vav (letter)|Vav]] with [[shuruk]]) ''(not normally used for transliterations)''</small>
| '''U'''ma
| u/ʊ
| u
|-
! i/ee
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">אִי</span>}} ([[Aleph (letter)|Aleph]] with [[hiriq]]-[[Yod (letter)|Yud]])<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">עִי</span>}} ([[Ayin]] with [[hiriq]]-[[Yod (letter)|Yud]]) ''(not normally used for transliterations)''</small><br /><small>Note: The subsequent [[Yodh|yud]] in both the [[Aleph]]-[[Yodh|Yud]] and [[Ayin]]-[[Yodh|Yud]] above is only necessary in full spelling.</small>
| '''i'''nto, '''ee'''l
| {{IPA|ɪ/i}}
| {{IPA|i}}
|-
! ei/ai
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">איי</span>}} ([[Aleph (letter)|Aleph]]-[[Yod (letter)|Yud]]-[[Yod (letter)|Yud]])
| '''i'''ce, '''a'''ce, '''ei'''ɡht
| {{IPA|ej/aj}}
| {{IPA|e̞j/äj}}
|-
! a
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">אָ</span>}} ([[Aleph]] with [[kamatz]]) or {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">אַ</span>}} ([[Aleph]] with [[patach]])<br /><small> {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">עָ</span>}}/{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">עַ</span>}} ([[Ayin]] with [[kamatz]] or [[patach]]) ''(not normally used for transliterations)''</small>
| '''a'''ll, '''o'''ff
| {{IPA|a}}
| {{IPA|ä}}
|-
! e
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">אֶ</span>}} ([[Aleph (letter)|Aleph]] with [[segol]])<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:250%;">עֶ</span>}} ([[Ayin]] with [[segol]]) ''(not normally used for transliterations)''</small>
| '''E'''dward
| {{IPA|e}}
| {{IPA|e̞}}
|-
! colspan="5"| At the end of a word
|-
! a
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ה</span>}}<span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:30px" dir="rtl>סָ</span> &lrm;<!--the svg image is incorrect--> (Letter with [[kamatz]]-[[he (letter)|He]]) or {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ה</span>}}[[Image:Hebrew Patah.svg|35px]] (Letter with [[patach]]-[[he (letter)|He]])<br /><small>{{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">א</span>}} or {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ע</span>}} ([[Aleph]] or [[Ayin (letter)|Ayin]]) ''(not normally used for transliterations)''</small>
| col'''a'''
| {{IPA|a}}
| {{IPA|ä}}
|-
! e
| {{Script/Hebrew|1=<span style="font-size:200%;">ה</span>}}[[Image:Hebrew Segol.svg|35px]] (Letter with [[segol]]-[[he (letter)|He]])
| alm'''eh'''
| {{IPA|e}}
| {{IPA|e̞}}
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*[[Help:IPA/Hebrew]]
*[[Modern Hebrew phonology|Hebrew phonology]]
*[[Hebrew alphabet]]
*[[Romanization of Hebrew]]
*[[Hebraization of surnames]]

==References==
<references/>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131015060444/http://hebrew-academy.huji.ac.il/hahlatot/TheTranscription/Documents/LAT-HEB.pdf Hebrew Academy]

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081219183132/http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/IPA_chart_(C)2005.pdf The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 2005)] Symbols for all languages are shown on this one-page chart.
{{Hebrew language}}

[[Category:Hebrew language]]
[[Category:Hebrew alphabet]]
[[Category:Latin-script representations]]