View source for Harari language

{{short description|Semitic language of eastern Ethiopia}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Harari
| nativename       = {{lang|har|ሀረሪ}} ({{tlit|har|hăräri}})
| states           = [[Ethiopia]]
| ethnicity        = {{sigfig|31,700|2}} [[Harari people|Harari]] (2007 census)<ref name="e27"/>
| region           = [[Harari Region]]
| speakers         = [[first language|L1]]: {{sigfig|27,260|2}}
| ref              = <ref name=e27>{{e27|har|Harari}}</ref><ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/images/documents/pdf_files/regional/CountryLevel.pdf Ethiopia 2007 Census, p. 115]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Government of Canada|author=2021 Census of Canada|title=Statistics Canada 2021|date=9 February 2022 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1,4&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada|access-date=24 February 2024}}</ref> <br/>[[Second language|L2]]: {{sigfig|8,320|2}}<ref name=e27/>
| speakers_label   = Speakers
| date             = 2007 census
| familycolor      = Afro-Asiatic
| fam2             = [[Semitic languages|Semitic]]
| fam3             = [[West Semitic languages|West Semitic]]
| fam4             = [[South Semitic languages|South Semitic]]
| fam5             = [[Ethio-Semitic languages|Ethiopic]]
| fam6             = [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|South]]
| fam7             = [[Ethio-Semitic languages|Transversal]]
| fam8             = [[Ethio-Semitic languages|Harari–East Gurage]]
| ancestor         = [[Old Harari]]
| ancestor2        = Middle Harari
| script           = [[Arabic alphabet]], [[Latin Alphabet]], Harari script, [[Ge'ez Script]]<ref name=e27/>
| iso3             = har
| glotto           = hara1271
| glottorefname    = Harari
| image            = Kitāb Al Farā'id- ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ʻArāshī et al- Harari Legal Manuscript 18th Century.png 
| imagecaption     = 18th century [[manuscript]] in the Harari language; titled ''Kitāb Al Farā'id''
}}'''Harari''' is an [[Ethio-Semitic languages|Ethio-Semitic language]] spoken by the [[Harari people]] of [[Ethiopia]]. [[Old Harari]] is a literary language of the city of [[Harar]], a central hub of [[Islam]] in the [[Horn of Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2024 |title=himml - Sherif Harar City Museum Manuscripts |url=https://www.vhmml.org/readingRoom/view/530018# |access-date=October 31, 2024}}</ref> According to the 2007 Ethiopian census, it is spoken by 25,810 people. Harari is closely related to the [[Gurage languages#Eastern|Eastern Gurage languages]], [[Zay language|Zay]], and [[Siltʼe language|Siltʼe]], all of whom are believed to be linked to the now extinct Semitic [[Harla]] language.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gebissa|first1=Eziekel|title=Leaf of Allah|publisher=Ohio State University|page=36|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ga91oPVFb5MC&q=semitic-speaking+harla+an+autochthonous&pg=PA36|access-date=27 June 2016|isbn=9780852554807|year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Braukhamper|first1=Ulrich|title=Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia|publisher=LITverlag|page=18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&q=harala+semitic+harar&pg=PA18|access-date=27 June 2016|isbn=9783825856717|year=2002}}</ref> Locals or natives of Harar refer to their language as {{lang|har|Gēy Sinan}} or {{lang|har|Gēy Ritma}} {{gloss|language of the City}} ({{lang|har|Gēy}} is the word for how Harari speakers refer to the city of [[Harar]], whose name is an [[Exonym and endonym|exonym]]).{{sfn|Leslau|1959|p=276}} According to [[Wolf Leslau]], [[Sidama language|Sidama]] is the substratum language of Harari and influenced the vocabulary greatly.{{sfn|Leslau|1959|p=290}} He identified unique Cushitic loanwords found only in Harari and deduced that it may have Cushitic roots.{{sfn|Leslau|1959|pp=290–291}}

Harari was originally written with a version of the Arabic script, Harari script, then the Ethiopic script was adopted to write the language.<ref>{{cite book |title=Harari secret script |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica}}</ref> Some Harari speakers in diaspora write their language with the Latin alphabet.

==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Harari consonants
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |[[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" |[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alv.]]/
[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- style="font-size: 100%;"
!<small>plain</small>
![[Emphatic consonant|<small>emphatic</small>]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|
|{{IPA link|n}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
![[Voiceless consonant|<small>voiceless</small>]]
|{{IPA link|p}}
|
|{{IPA link|t̪|t}}
|
|{{IPA link|tʃ}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|q}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʔ}}
|-
![[Voiced consonant|<small>voiced</small>]]
|{{IPA link|b}}
|
|{{IPA link|d̪|d}}
|{{IPA link|dˤ}}
|{{IPA link|dʒ}}
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|
|
|-
![[Ejective|<small>ejective</small>]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|t’}}
|
|{{IPA link|tʃ’}}
|{{IPA link|k’}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative]]
![[Voiceless consonant|<small>voiceless</small>]]
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPA link|θ}}
|{{IPA link|s̪|s}}
|{{IPA link|sˤ}}
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|{{IPA link|x}}
|
|{{IPA link|ħ}}
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
![[Voiced consonant|<small>voiced</small>]]
|{{IPA link|v}}
|{{IPA link|ð}}
|{{IPA link|z̪|z}}
|{{IPA link|zˁ}}
|{{IPA link|ʒ}}
|{{IPA link|ɣ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʕ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|r}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|{{IPA link|w}}
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Harari vowels
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!<small>short</small>
!<small>long</small>
!<small>short</small>
!<small>long</small>
|- style="text-align: center;"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|ɪ}}
|{{IPA link|iː}}
|{{IPA link|ɨ}}
|{{IPA link|ʊ}}
|{{IPA link|uː}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|{{IPA link|eː}}
|
|{{IPA link|o}}
|{{IPA link|oː}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|{{IPA link|æ}}
|
|{{IPA link|aː}}
|
|
|}

==Grammar==

===Nouns===

====Number====
[[Wolf Leslau]] discusses Harari–East Gurage phonology and grammar:<ref name="Leslau1999">{{cite book|last=Leslau|first=Wolf|author-link=Wolf Leslau|title=Zway Ethiopic Documents: Grammar and Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7BA46Gu0X3wC|year=1999|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-04162-1}}</ref>
The noun has two numbers, singular and plural. The affix {{lang|har|-ač}} changes singulars into plurals:

: {{lang|har|abōč}} {{gloss|a man}}; {{lang|har|abōčač}} {{gloss|men}}
: {{lang|har|wandaq}} {{gloss|a servant}}; {{lang|har|wandaqač}} {{gloss|servants}}
: {{lang|har|gar}} {{gloss|a house}}; {{lang|har|garač}} {{gloss|houses}}

Nouns ending in a or i become plural without reduplicating this letter:
: {{lang|har|gafa}} {{gloss|a slave}}; {{lang|har|gafač}} {{gloss|slaves}}
: {{lang|har|gubna}} {{gloss|a harlot}}; {{lang|har|gubnač}} {{gloss|harlots}}
: {{lang|har|liği}} {{gloss|a son}}; {{lang|har|liğiyač}} {{gloss|sons}}
: {{lang|har|qabri}} {{gloss|a grave}}; {{lang|har|qabriyač}} {{gloss|graves}}

/s/ alternates with /z/:
: {{lang|har|färäz}} {{gloss|a horse}}; {{lang|har|färäzač}} {{gloss|horses}}
: {{lang|har|iraaz}} {{gloss|toga}}; {{lang|har|iraazač}} {{gloss|togas}}

====Gender====
Masculine nouns may be converted into feminines by three processes. The first changes the terminal vowel into {{lang|har|-it}}, or adds {{lang|har|-it}} to the terminal consonant:

: {{lang|har|rágá}} {{gloss|an old man}}; {{lang|har|rágít}} {{gloss|an old woman}}
: {{lang|har|buchí}} {{gloss|male dog}}; {{lang|har|buchít}} {{gloss|female dog}}
: {{lang|har|wasíf}} {{gloss|a slave boy}}; {{lang|har|wasífít}} {{gloss|a slave girl}}

Animals of different sexes have different names. and this forms the second process:

: {{lang|har|bárá}} {{gloss|an ox}}; {{lang|har|lám}} {{gloss|a cow}}

The third and the most common way of expressing sex is by means of {{lang|har|korma}} {{gloss|male or man}} and {{lang|har|inistí}} {{gloss|woman, female}}, corresponding to English "he-" and "she-":

: {{lang|har|korma faraz}} {{gloss|a stallion}}; {{lang|har|inistí faraz}} {{gloss|a mare}}
: {{lang|har|korma baqal}} {{gloss|a he-mule}}; {{lang|har|inistí basal}} {{gloss|a she-mule}}

===Pronouns===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" | English
! rowspan="3" | Independent
! colspan="3" | Object pronoun suffixes
! rowspan="3" | Possessive <br/>suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Direct
! colspan="2" | Prepositional
|-
! Benefactive
! Locative/adversative
|-
|I
|{{lang|am|ኣን}}<br/>an
|-(ä/ǝ)ñ
|-(ǝ)llǝñ
|-(ǝ)bbǝñ
|-(y)e
|-
|you (m. sg.)
|{{lang|am|አኻኽ}}<br/>äkhakh
|-(ǝ)h
|-(ǝ)llǝh
|-(ǝ)bbǝh
|-(ǝ)h
|-
|you (f. sg.)
|{{lang|am|አኻሽ}}<br/>akhâsh
|-(ǝ)š
|-(ǝ)llǝš
|-(ǝ)bbǝš
|-(ǝ)š
|-
|you (polite/formal)
|{{lang|am|አኻኹ}}<br/>akhâkhu
|-(ǝ)wo(t)
|-(ǝ)llǝwo(t)
|-(ǝ)bbǝwo(t)
|-wo
|-
|he/him
|{{lang|am|አዝዞ}}<br/>äzzo
|-(ä)w, -t
|-(ǝ)llät
|-(ǝ)bbät
|-(w)u
|-
|she/her
|{{lang|am|አዝዜ}}<br/>äzze
|-at
|-(ǝ)llat
|-(ǝ)bbat
|-wa
|-
|s/he (polite/formal)
|{{lang|am|አዝዚዩ}}<br/>äzziyu
|-aččäw
|-(ǝ)llaččäw
|-(ǝ)bbaččäw
|-aččäw
|-
|we
|{{lang|am|ኢኛች}}<br/>ignâch
|-(ä/ǝ)n
|-(ǝ)llǝn
|-(ǝ)bbǝn
|-aččǝn
|-
|you (pl.)
|{{lang|am|አኻኻች}}<br/>akhâkhâch
|-aččǝhu
|-(ǝ)llaččǝhu
|-(ǝ)bbaččǝhu
|-aččǝhu
|-
|they
|{{lang|am|አዝዚያች}}<br/>äzziyach
|-aččäw
|-(ǝ)llaččäw
|-(ǝ)bbaččäw
|-aččäw
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-right: 20px;"
|+ Harari demonstrative pronouns
! colspan="2" |Number, Gender
! Near
! Far
|-
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! Masculine
|{{lang|am|ዪ}} yi (i)
|{{lang|am|የእ}} yäǝ
|-
! Feminine
|{{lang|am|ኢትተ}} ittä
|{{lang|am|የትተ}} <br/>yättä
|-
! colspan="2" |Plural
|{{lang|am|ዪያች}} yiyâch
|{{lang|am|የኣች}} Ya’âch
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Person
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| Án || Innách or Inyách.
|-
! 2
| Akhákh || Akhákhách
|-
! 3
| Azo || (383){{clarify|date=May 2014}} Azziyách
|}

The affixed pronouns or possessives attached to nouns are:

'''Singular.'''
: 1st Pers. – e, my or mine. : Gár-e, my house.
: 2nd Pers. – khá, thy or thine.   Gár-khá, thy house.
: 3rd Pers. – zo, or – so, his.  Gár-zo, his house.

'''Plural.'''
: 1st Pers. – zinya or sinya, our. : Gár-zinya, our house.
: 2nd Pers. – kho, your. Gár-kho, your house.
: 3rd Pers. – ziyu or siyu, their. Gár-ziyu, their house. (384){{clarify|date=May 2014}}

In the same way attached pronouns are affixed to verbs:
: Sit-ayn: give (thou to) me.
: Sit-ana: give (thou to) us.

The demonstrative pronouns are:
: Sing. Yí, this.
:  Yá', that.
: Plur. Yíách, these.
:  Yá'ách, those.

The interrogative pronouns are the following:
: Mántá: who?
: Mintá: what?

: Án atti'e hárkho: I myself went.
:  Akhákh attikha hárkhí: thou thyself wentest.
:  Azo attiizo hára: he himself went.

===Verbs===
The following are the two auxiliary verbs:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 'to be'
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" |
! colspan="2" | Past
! colspan="2" | Present
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
|-
! Affirmative !! Negative !! Affirmative !! Negative
|-
! rowspan="6" | Person
! rowspan="3" | <small>(s)</small>
! 1
| Án narkhú. || Án alnárkhúm. || Án halkho. || Án elkhúm.
| style="background: #EEEEEE;" |
|-
! 2
| Akhákh nárkhí. || Akhákh alnárkhím. || Akhákh halkhí. || Akhákh elkhím. || Hal.
|-
! 3
| Azo nárá. || Azo alnárum. || Azo hal (<A>{{clarify|date=May 2014}}). || Azo elúm.
| style="background: #EEEEEE;" |
|-
! rowspan="3" | <small>(pl)</small>
! 1
| Inyách nárná. || Inyách alnárum. || Inyách halna. || Inyách elnám.
| style="background: #EEEEEE;" |
|-
! 2
| Akhákhách narkhú. || Akhákhách alnárkhúm. || Akhákhách halkhú. || Akhákhách elkhúm. || Halkhú.
|-
! 3
| Aziyách nárú. || Aziyách alnárúm. || Aziyách halú || Aziyásc elúm.
| style="background: #EEEEEE;" |
|}

'''Past tense'''
: Sing.  1. I became: Án ikaní náarkho.
:  2. Thou becamest:  Akhákh tikání nárkhí.
:  3. He became: Azo ikáni nárá.
: Plur.  1. We became: Innách nikání nárná.
:  2. Ye became:  Akhákhách tikání nárkhú.
:  3. They became:  Aziyách ikání nárú.

'''Present tense'''
: Sing.  1. I become: Án ikánákh.
:  2. Thou becomest:  Akhákh tikánákh.
:  3. He becomes:  Azo ikánál.
: Plur.  1. We become:  Inyách nikánáná.
:  2. Ye become:  Akhákhách tikánákhu.
:  3. They become: Aziyách yikánálú.

'''Imperative'''
:  Become thou,  "Kanni".   Become ye,  "Kánnú".

'''Prohibitive'''
: Sing. 2. Become not,  ikánnumekh.
: Plur. 2. Become not ye,  tikánnumekhu.

'''Past tense'''

'''(Affirmative form)'''
: Sing. 1. I went, Án letkho.
:  2. Thous wentest, Akhákh letkhí.
:  3. He went, Azo leta.
: Plur. 1. We went, Inyách letna.
:  2. Ye went, Akhákhách letkhú.
:  3. They went, Aziyách letú.

'''(Negative form)'''
: Sing. 1. I went not, Án alletkhúm.
:  2. Thou wentest not, Akbákh alletkhím.
:  3. He went not, Azo alletám.
: Plur. 1. We went not, Inyách aletnám.
:  2. Ye went not, Akhákách alletkhúm.
:  3. They went not, Azziyách alletúm.

'''Present tense.'''

'''(Affirmative form)'''
: 1. I go, Án iletákh 1. Inyásh niletáná.
: 2. Thou goest, Akhákh tiletínakh  2. Akhákhách tiletákhú.
: 3. He goes, Azo yiletál  3. Azziyách yiletálú.

'''(Negative form)'''
: Sing. 1. I go not, Án iletumekh.
:  2. Thou goest not, Akhákh tiletumekh.
:  3. He goes not, Azo yiletumel.
: Plur. 1. We go not, Inyách niletumena.
:  2. Ye go not, Akhákhach tiletumekhú.
:  3. They go not, Azziyách iletuelú.

: Sing. 1. I will go, Án iletle halkho.
:  2. Thou wilt go,  Akháhk tiletle halkhí.
:  3. He will go, Azo iletle hal.
: Plur. 1. We will go, Inyách niletle halns.
:  2. Ye will go, Akhákhách tiletle halkhú.
:  3. They will go, Azziyách niletle halns.

== Writing system==

Harari today is generally written in three scripts. It was originally written in an unmodified and now in a standardized modified [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic Script]].<ref name="omniglot_com">{{Cite web|title=Harari language, alphabet and pronunciation|url=https://omniglot.com/writing/harari.htm|access-date=2020-08-20|website=omniglot.com}}</ref><ref name="elalliance_com">{{Cite web|date=2013-10-23|title=Harari|url=https://elalliance.com/harari/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Endangered Language Alliance Toronto|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Harari-Texte in Arabischer Schrift : Wagner, Ewald : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_har_vertxt-1|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Internet Archive|year=1983 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Ge'ez script|Ethiopic script]] was then adopted to write Harari.<ref name="omniglot_com" /> There is a Latin version of the script used by the Harari diaspora.<ref name="elalliance_com" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Saay Harari Afocha|url=https://saayharari.com/pages/harar.asp?cat=3&sub=150#Group16|access-date=2020-08-20|website=saayharari.com}}</ref> 

Historically the language was also written in native Harari secret script until the late 70s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wakjira |first1=Bedilu |title=The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages |publisher=OUP Oxford |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Oxford_Handbook_of_Ethiopian_Languag/1S-9EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=harari+secret+script&pg=PT224&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>

=== Harari Arabic script===

Harari Arabic script consists of 36 letters, made up of the original 28 Arabic letters, plus 8 additional letters for sounds unique to Harari or to loanwords of European origin. 8 of the original 28 letters are only used for writing of loanwords of Arabic origin (shown in beige in the table below). 2 of the 8 new letters are only used for writing of loanwords of European origin (shown in green in the table below).

Harari Arabic script is also made up of 5 vowel diacritics. A unique and noteworthy feature of this script is that it indicates stressed syllables in an explicit manner, as explained in the following section.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Harari Arabic script<ref name="cunningham">{{Cite book |last=Andrew Cunningham |url=http://openroad.net.au/languages/african/harari/harari-character-tables-v3.pdf |title=Harari Harfi |date=2011 |publisher=State Library of Victoria and the Australian Saay Harari Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410171352/http://openroad.net.au/languages/african/harari/harari-character-tables-v3.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-10}}</ref>
|-
! Isolated
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! [[help:IPA|IPA]]
! Romanization
! Ge'ez Equivalent
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|أ / إ}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـا}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ا}}</span>
| [{{IPA link|∅}} / {{IPA link|ʔ}}]
| a / '
| {{Script|Ethi|አ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ب}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـب}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـبـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|بـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|b}}
| b
| {{Script|Ethi|በ}}
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|پ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـپ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـپـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|پـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|p}}
| p
| {{Script|Ethi|ፐ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ت}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـت}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـتـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|تـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|t}}
| t
| {{Script|Ethi|ተ}}
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ث}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـث}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـثـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ثـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|θ}}
| ṫ
| {{Script|Ethi|ሠ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ج}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـج}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـجـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|جـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|dʒ}}
| j
| {{Script|Ethi|ጀ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ݘ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـݘ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـݘـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ݘـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|g}}
| g
| {{Script|Ethi|ገ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ح}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـح}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـحـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|حـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ħ}}
| h
| {{Script|Ethi|ሐ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|خ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـخ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـخـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|خـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|x}}
| kh
| {{Script|Ethi|ኸ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|د}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـد}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|د}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|d}}
| d
| {{Script|Ethi|ደ}}
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ذ}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـذ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ذ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ð}}
| dh
| {{Script|Ethi|ፀ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ر}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـر}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ر}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|r}}
| r
| {{Script|Ethi|ረ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ز}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـز}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ز}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|z}}
| z
| {{Script|Ethi|ዘ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ژ}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـژ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ژ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ʒ}}
| zh
| {{Script|Ethi|ዠ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|س}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـس}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـسـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|سـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|s}}
| s
| {{Script|Ethi|ሰ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ش}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـش}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـشـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|شـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ʃ}}
| sh
| {{Script|Ethi|ሸ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڛ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڛ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڛـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڛـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|tʃ}}
| ch
| {{Script|Ethi|ቸ}}
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ص}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـص}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـصـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|صـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|sˁ}}
| ṡ
| {{Script|Ethi|ጸ}}
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ض}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـض}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـضـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ضـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|dˁ}}
| ḋ
| {{Script|Ethi|ጰ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ط}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـط}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـطـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|طـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|t’}}
| x
| {{Script|Ethi|ጠ}}
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ظ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـظ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـظـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ظـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|zˁ}}
| ż
| {{Script|Ethi|ⶰ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڟ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڟ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڟـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڟـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|tʃ’}}
| c
| {{Script|Ethi|ጨ}}
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ع}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـع}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـعـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|عـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ʕ}}
| ȧ
| {{Script|Ethi|ዐ}}
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|غ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـغ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـغـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|غـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɣ}}
| gh
| {{Script|Ethi|ኀ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ف}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـف}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـفـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|فـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɣ}}
| f
| {{Script|Ethi|ፈ}}
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڤ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڤ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڤـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڤـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|v}}
| v
| {{Script|Ethi|ቨ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ق}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـق}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـقـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|قـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|q}}
| q
| {{Script|Ethi|ቀ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ك}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـك}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـكـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|كـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|k}}
| k
| {{Script|Ethi|ከ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڬ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڬ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڬـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڬـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|k’}}
| xh	
| {{Script|Ethi|ዸ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ل}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـل}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـلـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|لـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|l}}
| l	
| {{Script|Ethi|ለ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|م}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـم}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـمـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|مـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|m}}
| m
| {{Script|Ethi|መ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ن}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـن}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـنـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|نـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|n}}
| n
| {{Script|Ethi|ነ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڹ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڹ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـڹـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ڹـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɲ}}
| gn
| {{Script|Ethi|ኘ}}
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ه}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـه}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـهـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|هـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|h}}
| ḣ
| {{Script|Ethi|ሀ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|و}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـو}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|و}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|w}}
| w
| {{Script|Ethi|ወ}}
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ي}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـي}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|ـيـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script|Arab|يـ}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|j}}
| y
| {{Script|Ethi|የ}}
|}

====Vowel markings table====

In Harari Arabic script, there are 5 vowels (a, e, i, o, u). These vowels are shown with [[Arabic diacritics|the three Arabic diacritics]] (a, i, u), plus two additional diacritics (e, o). Furthermore, in Harari Arabic script, vowels are also distinguished by length, indicated by [[mater lectionis]] letters, and by stress, indicated by a combination of ''hamza'' and [[mater lectionis]] letters.

{|class="wikitable Unicode" 
|+ Vowels <ref name="cunningham"/>
|-
!colspan="5"| Independent
|-
! || short vowel || long vowel || Short stressed vowel || long stressed vowel
|-
! a
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|أَ}}</span><br><small>‌( a )</small><br>{{IPAblink|æ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ءَا}}</span><br><small>‌( â )</small><br>{{IPAblink|aː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ءَأْ}}</span><br><small>‌( aʼ )</small><br>[ˈæ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ءَاءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( âʼ )</small><br>[ˈaː]
|-
! e
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|إٛ}}</span><br><small>‌( e )</small><br>{{IPAblink|e}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|إٛىـ / إٛى}}</span><br><small>‌( ê )</small><br>{{IPAblink|eː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ءٛئْـ / ءٛئْ}}</span><br><small>‌( eʼ )</small><br>[ˈe]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|إٛىءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( êʼ )</small><br>[ˈeː]
|-
! i
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|إِ}}</span><br><small>‌( i )</small><br>{{IPAblink|ɪ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|إِىـ / إِى}}</span><br><small>‌( î )</small><br>{{IPAblink|iː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ءِئْـ / ءِئْ}}</span><br><small>‌( iʼ )</small><br>[ˈɪ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|إِىءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( îʼ )</small><br>[ˈiː]
|-
! o
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|أٚ}}</span><br><small>‌( o )</small><br>{{IPAblink|o}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|أٚو}}</span><br><small>‌( ô )</small><br>{{IPAblink|oː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ءٚؤْ}}</span><br><small>‌( oʼ )</small><br>[ˈo]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|أٚوءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( ôʼ )</small><br>[ˈoː]
|-
! u
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|أُ}}</span><br><small>‌( u )</small><br>{{IPAblink|ʊ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|أُو}}</span><br><small>‌( û )</small><br>{{IPAblink|uː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ءُؤْ}}</span><br><small>‌( uʼ )</small><br>[ˈʊ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|أُوءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( ûʼ )</small><br>[ˈuː]
|-
!colspan="5"| Dependent (Template)
|-
! -a
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌َ}}</span><br><small>‌( -a )</small><br>{{IPAblink|æ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌َـا}}</span><br><small>‌( -â )</small><br>{{IPAblink|aː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌َـأْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -aʼ )</small><br>[ˈæ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌َـاءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -âʼ )</small><br>[ˈaː]
|-
! -e
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ٛ}}</span><br><small>‌( -e )</small><br>{{IPAblink|e}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ٛىـ / ◌ٛـى}}</span><br><small>‌( -ê )</small><br>{{IPAblink|eː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ٛـئْـ / ◌ٛـئْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -eʼ )</small><br>[ˈe]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ٛـىءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -êʼ )</small><br>[ˈeː]
|-
! -i
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ِ}}</span><br><small>‌( -i )</small><br>{{IPAblink|ɪ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ِـىـ / ◌ِـى}}</span><br><small>‌( -î )</small><br>{{IPAblink|iː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ِـئْـ / ◌ِـئْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -iʼ )</small><br>[ˈɪ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ِـىءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -îʼ )</small><br>[ˈiː]
|-
! -o
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ٚ}}</span><br><small>‌( -o )</small><br>{{IPAblink|o}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ٚـو}}</span><br><small>‌( -ô )</small><br>{{IPAblink|oː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ٚـؤْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -oʼ )</small><br>[ˈo]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ٚـوءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -ôʼ )</small><br>[ˈoː]
|-
! -u
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ُ}}</span><br><small>‌( -u )</small><br>{{IPAblink|ʊ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ُـو}}</span><br><small>‌( -û )</small><br>{{IPAblink|uː}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ُـؤْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -uʼ )</small><br>[ˈʊ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ُـوءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( -ûʼ )</small><br>[ˈuː]
|-
!colspan="5"| Dependent (for letter {{script/Arabic|ب}} ''b'' as sample)
|-
! ba
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بَـ / بَ}}</span><br><small>‌( ba )</small><br>[bæ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بَا}}</span><br><small>‌( bâ )</small><br>[baː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بَأْ}}</span><br><small>‌( baʼ )</small><br>[ˈbæ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بَاءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bâʼ )</small><br>[ˈbaː]
|-
! be
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بٛـ / بٛ}}</span><br><small>‌( be )</small><br>[be]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بٛىـ / بٛى}}</span><br><small>‌( bê )</small><br>[beː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بٛئْـ / بٛئْ}}</span><br><small>‌( beʼ )</small><br>[ˈbe]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بٛىءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bêʼ )</small><br>[ˈbeː]
|-
! bi
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بِـ / بِ}}</span><br><small>‌( bi )</small><br>[bɪ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بِىـ / بِى}}</span><br><small>‌( bî )</small><br>[biː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بِئْـ / بِئْ}}</span><br><small>‌( biʼ )</small><br>[ˈbɪ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بِىءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bîʼ )</small><br>[ˈbiː]
|-
! bo
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بٚـ / بٚ}}</span><br><small>‌( bo )</small><br>[bo]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بٚو}}</span><br><small>‌( bô )</small><br>[boː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بٚؤْ}}</span><br><small>‌( boʼ )</small><br>[ˈbo]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بٚوءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bôʼ )</small><br>[ˈboː]
|-
! bu
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بُـ‌ / بُ}}</span><br><small>‌( bu )</small><br>[bʊ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بُو}}</span><br><small>‌( bû )</small><br>[buː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بُؤْ}}</span><br><small>‌( buʼ )</small><br>[ˈbʊ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بُوءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bûʼ )</small><br>[ˈbuː]
|-
!colspan="5"| Dependent (for a [[Gemination|geminated]] letter {{script/Arabic|بّ}} ''bb'' as sample)
|-
! bba
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بَّـ / بَّ}}</span><br><small>‌( bba )</small><br>[bbæ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بَّا}}</span><br><small>‌( bbâ )</small><br>[bbaː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بَّأْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbaʼ )</small><br>[ˈbbæ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بَّاءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbâʼ )</small><br>[ˈbbaː]
|-
! bbe
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بّٛـ / بّٛ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbe )</small><br>[be]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بّٛىـ / بّٛى}}</span><br><small>‌( bbê )</small><br>[beː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بّٛئْـ / بّٛئْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbeʼ )</small><br>[ˈbe]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بّٛىءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbêʼ )</small><br>[ˈbeː]
|-
! bbi
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بِّـ / بِّ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbi )</small><br>[bbɪ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بِّىـ / بِّى}}</span><br><small>‌( bbî )</small><br>[bbiː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بِّئْـ / بِّئْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbiʼ )</small><br>[ˈbbɪ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بِّىءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbîʼ )</small><br>[ˈbbiː]
|-
! bbo
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بّٚـ / بّٚ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbo )</small><br>[bbo]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بّٚو}}</span><br><small>‌( bbô )</small><br>[bboː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بّٚؤْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bboʼ )</small><br>[ˈbbo]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بّٚوءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbôʼ )</small><br>[ˈbboː]
|-
! bbu
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بُّـ‌ / بُّ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbu )</small><br>[bbʊ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بُّو}}</span><br><small>‌( bbû )</small><br>[bbuː]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بُّؤْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbuʼ )</small><br>[ˈbbʊ]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بُّوءْ}}</span><br><small>‌( bbûʼ )</small><br>[ˈbbuː]
|-
!colspan="5"| Zero-vowel Sign
|-
! -
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|◌ْ}}</span><br><small>‌( - )</small><br>[-]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|بْـ / بْ}}</span><br><small>‌( b- )</small><br>[b]
|}

=== Modified Ge'ez script===
{{further |Ge'ez script#Adaptations_to_other_languages}}

Harari can be written in the unmodified Ethiopic script as most vowel differences can be disambiguated from context.
The Harari adaptation of the Ethiopic script adds a long vowel version of the Ethiopic/Amharic vowels by adding a dot on top of the letter.
In addition certain consonants are pronounced differently when compared to the Amharic pronunciation.

The table below shows the Harari alphasyllabary with the Romanized, Arabic equivalence, and IPA representation along the rows and the Romanized vowel markings along the columns.<ref name="cunningham"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Harari writing system
|-valign=top
![[Romanization]]
! Arabic Equivalent
![[International phonetic alphabet|IPA]]!!a [æ]!!â [aː]!!u [ʊ]!!û [uː]!!i [ɪ]!!î [iː]!!e [e]!!ê [eː]!!o [o]!!ô [oː]!!∅/ə [∅/ɨ]
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|ḣ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ه}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|h}}
||ሀ||ሃ||ሁ||ሁ፞||ሂ||ሂ፞ ||ሄ||ሄ፞||ሆ||ሆ፞||ህ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|l}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ل}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|l}}
||ለ	||ላ	||ሉ	||ሉ፞	||ሊ	||ሊ፞	||ሌ	||ሌ፞	||ሎ	||ሎ፞	||ል
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|h}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ح}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|ħ}}
||ሐ	||ሓ	||ሑ	||ሑ፞	||ሒ	||ሒ፞	||ሔ	||ሔ፞	||ሖ	||ሖ፞	||ሕ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|m}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|م}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|m}}
||መ	||ማ	||ሙ	||ሙ፞	||ሚ	||ሚ፞	||ሜ	||ሜ፞	||ሞ	||ሞ፞	||ም
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|ṫ}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ث}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|θ}}
||ሠ	||ሣ	||ሡ	||ሡ፞	||ሢ	||ሢ፞	||ሤ	||ሤ፞	||ሦ	||ሦ፞	||ሥ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|r}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ر}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|r}}
||ረ	||ራ	||ሩ	||ሩ፞	||ሪ	||ሪ፞	||ሬ	||ሬ፞	||ሮ	||ሮ፞	||ር
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|s}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|س}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|s}}
||ሰ	||ሳ	||ሱ	||ሱ፞	||ሲ	||ሲ፞	||ሴ	||ሴ፞	||ሶ	||ሶ፞	||ስ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|sh}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ش}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
||ሸ	||ሻ	||ሹ	||ሹ፞	||ሺ	||ሺ፞	||ሼ	||ሼ፞	||ሾ	||ሾ፞	||ሽ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|q}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ق}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|q}}
||ቀ	||ቃ	||ቁ	||ቁ፞	||ቂ	||ቂ፞	||ቄ	||ቄ፞	||ቆ	||ቆ፞	||ቅ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|b}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ب}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|b}}
||በ	||ባ	||ቡ	||ቡ፞	||ቢ	||ቢ፞	||ቤ	||ቤ፞	||ቦ	||ቦ፞	||ብ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|v}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ڤ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|v}}
||ቨ	||ቫ	||ቩ	||ቩ፞	||ቪ	||ቪ፞	||ቬ	||ቬ፞	||ቮ	||ቮ፞	||ቭ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|t}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ت}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|t}}
||ተ	||ታ	||ቱ	||ቱ፞	||ቲ	||ቲ፞	||ቴ	||ቴ፞	||ቶ	||ቶ፞	||ት
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|ch}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ڛ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|tʃ}}
||ቸ	||ቻ	||ቹ	||ቹ፞	||ቺ	||ቺ፞	||ቼ	||ቼ፞	||ቾ	||ቾ፞	||ች
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|gh}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|غ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|ɣ}}
||ኀ	||ኃ	||ኁ	||ኁ፞	||ኂ	||ኂ፞	||ኄ	||ኄ፞	||ኆ	||ኆ፞	||ኅ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|n}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ن}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|n}}
||ነ	||ና	||ኑ	||ኑ፞	||ኒ	||ኒ፞	||ኔ	||ኔ፞	||ኖ	||ኖ፞	||ን
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|gn}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ڹ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
||ኘ	||ኛ	||ኙ	||ኙ፞	||ኚ	||ኚ፞	||ኜ	||ኜ፞	||ኞ	||ኞ፞	||ኝ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|'}}/{{Transliteration|sem|a}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|أ / إ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|∅}} / {{IPA link|ʔ}}
||አ	||ኣ	||ኡ	||ኡ፞	||ኢ	||ኢ፞	||ኤ	||ኤ፞	||ኦ	||ኦ፞	||እ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|k}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ك}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|k}}
||ከ	||ካ	||ኩ	||ኩ፞	||ኪ	||ኪ፞	||ኬ	||ኬ፞	||ኮ	||ኮ፞	||ክ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|kh}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|خ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|x}}
||ኸ	||ኻ	||ኹ	||ኹ፞	||ኺ	||ኺ፞	||ኼ	||ኼ፞	||ኾ	||ኾ፞	||ኽ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|w}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|و}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|w}}
||ወ	||ዋ	||ዉ	||ዉ፞	||ዊ	||ዊ፞	||ዌ	||ዌ፞	||ዎ	||ዎ፞	||ው
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|ȧ}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ع}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|ʕ}}
||ዐ	||ዓ	||ዑ	||ዑ፞	||ዒ	||ዒ፞	||ዔ	||ዔ፞	||ዖ	||ዖ፞	||ዕ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|z}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ز}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|z}}
||ዘ	||ዛ	||ዙ	||ዙ፞	||ዚ	||ዚ፞	||ዜ	||ዜ፞	||ዞ	||ዞ፞	||ዝ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|zh}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ژ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|ʒ}}
||ዠ	||ዣ	||ዡ	||ዡ፞	||ዢ	||ዢ፞	||ዤ	||ዤ፞	||ዦ	||ዦ፞	||ዥ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|y}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ي}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|j}}
||የ	||ያ	||ዩ	||ዩ፞	||ዪ	||ዪ፞	||ዬ	||ዬ፞	||ዮ	||ዮ፞	||ይ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|d}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|د}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|d}}
||ደ	||ዳ	||ዱ	||ዱ፞	||ዲ	||ዲ፞	||ዴ	||ዴ፞	||ዶ	||ዶ፞	||ድ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|xh}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ڬ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|k’}}
||ዸ	||ዻ	||ዹ	||ዹ፞	||ዺ	||ዺ፞	||ዼ	||ዼ፞	||ዾ	||ዾ፞	||ዽ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|j}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ج}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|dʒ}}
||ጀ	||ጃ	||ጁ	||ጁ፞	||ጂ	||ጂ፞	||ጄ	||ጄ፞	||ጆ	||ጆ፞	||ጅ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|g}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ݘ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|g}}
||ገ	||ጋ	||ጉ	||ጉ፞	||ጊ	||ጊ፞	||ጌ	||ጌ፞	||ጎ	||ጎ፞	||ግ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|x}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ط}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|t’}}
||ጠ	||ጣ	||ጡ	||ጡ፞	||ጢ	||ጢ፞	||ጤ	||ጤ፞	||ጦ	||ጦ፞	||ጥ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|c}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ڟ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|tʃ’}}	
||ጨ	||ጫ	||ጩ	||ጩ፞	||ጪ	||ጪ፞	||ጬ	||ጬ፞	||ጮ	||ጮ፞	||ጭ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|ḋ}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ض}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|dˁ}}	
||ጰ	||ጳ	||ጱ	||ጱ፞	||ጲ	||ጲ፞	||ጴ	||ጴ፞	||ጶ	||ጶ፞	||ጵ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|ṡ}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ص}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|sˁ}}
||ጸ	||ጻ	||ጹ	||ጹ፞	||ጺ	||ጺ፞	||ጼ	||ጼ፞	||ጾ	||ጾ፞	||ጽ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|dh}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ذ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|ð}}	
||ፀ	||ፃ	||ፁ	||ፁ፞	||ፂ	||ፂ፞	||ፄ	||ፄ፞	||ፆ || ፆ፞||ፅ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|f}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ف}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|f}}
||ፈ	||ፋ	||ፉ	||ፉ፞	||ፊ	||ፊ፞	||ፌ	||ፌ፞	||ፎ	||ፎ፞	||ፍ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|p}} 
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|پ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|p}}	
||ፐ	||ፓ	||ፑ	||ፑ፞	||ፒ	||ፒ፞	||ፔ	||ፔ፞	||ፖ	||ፖ፞	||ፕ
|-style="font-size:2em"
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Transliteration|sem|ż}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{Script|Arab|ظ}}
!style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA link|zˁ}}
||ⶰ ||ⶳ||ⶱ ||ⶱ፞||ⶲ||ⶲ፞||ⶴ||ⶴ፞||ⶶ||ⶶ፞ ||ⶵ
|-
![[Romanization]]
![[International phonetic alphabet|IPA]]!!a [æ]!!â [aː]!!u [ʊ]!!û [uː]!!i [ɪ]!!î [iː]!!e [e]!!ê [eː]!!o [o]!!ô [oː]!!∅/ə [∅/ɨ]
|}

:Notes

* Gemination can be done by simply writing the "∅/ə" variation of a letter before the letter itself.
* Stressed vowels can be written by following a letter with {{Script|Ethi|እ}} (The "no-vowel" variation of the "a" letter)
** For example, the Harari demonstrative pronoun '''yaʼ''' ({{Script|Arab|يَأْ}}) is written as {{Script|Ethi|የ'''እ'''}}
* Formerly, long-e (ê) and long-i (î) were represented by adding {{Script|Ethi|እ}} (y) after the character. Now, a dot diacritic is preferred instead.
* Formerly, Long-o (ô) and long-u (û) were represented by adding {{Script|Ethi|ው}} (w) after the character Now, a dot diacritic is preferred instead.

=== Modified Latin script===

Teble below shows the Latin script, modified and adapted for Harari language.<ref name="cunningham"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
! Upper case letter
! Lower case letter
! [[International phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! Arabic Equivalent
! Ge'ez equivanelt
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|A}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|a}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|æ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|أَ / ◌َ‎}}
| {{Script|Ethi|አ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Â}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|â}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|aː}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ءَا / ◌َـا‎}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኣ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ȧ}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ȧ}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ʕ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ع}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ዐ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|B}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|b}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|b}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ب}}
| {{Script|Ethi|በ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|C}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|c}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|tʃ’}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ڟ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ጨ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ch}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ch}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|tʃ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ڛ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ቸ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|D}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|d}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|d}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|د}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ደ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Dh}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|dh}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ð}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ذ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ፀ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ḋ}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ḋ}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|dˁ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ض}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ጰ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|E}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|e}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|e}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|إٛ ‌/ ◌ٛ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኤ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ê}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ê}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|eː}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|إٛى / ◌ٛـى}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኤ፞}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|F}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|f}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|f}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ف}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ɣ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|G}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|g}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|g}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ݘ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ገ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Gh}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|gh}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ɣ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|غ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኀ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Gn}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|gn}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ɲ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ڹ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኘ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|H}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|h}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ħ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ح}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ሐ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ḣ}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ḣ}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|h}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ه}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ሀ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|I}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|i}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ɪ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|إِ / ◌ِ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኢ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Î}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|î}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|iː}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|إِى‎ / ◌ِـى}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኢ፞}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|J}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|j}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|dʒ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ج}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ጀ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|K}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|k}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|k}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ك}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ከ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Kh}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|kh}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|x}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|خ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኸ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|L}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|l}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|l}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ل}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ለ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|M}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|m}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|m}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|م}}
| {{Script|Ethi|መ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|N}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|n}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|n}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ن}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ነ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|O}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|o}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|o}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|أٚ / ◌ٚ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኦ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ô}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ô}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|oː}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|أٚو‎ / ◌ٚـو}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኦ፞}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|P}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|p}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|p}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|پ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ፐ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Q}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|q}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|q}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ق}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ቀ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|R}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|r}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|r}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ر}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ረ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|S}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|s}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|s}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|س}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ሰ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Sh}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|sh}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ʃ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ش}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ሸ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ṡ}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ṡ}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|sˁ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ص}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ጸ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|T}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|t}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|t}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ت}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ተ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ṫ}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ṫ}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|θ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ث}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ሠ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|U}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|u}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ʊ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|أُ / ◌ُ‎}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኦ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Û}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|û}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|uː}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|أُو‎ / ◌ُـو}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ኦ፞}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|V}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|v}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|v}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ڤ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ቨ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|W}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|w}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|w}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|و}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ወ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|X}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|x}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|t’}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ط}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ጠ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Xh}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|xh}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|k’}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ڬ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ዸ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Y}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|y}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|j}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ي}}
| {{Script|Ethi|የ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Z}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|z}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|z}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ز}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ዘ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Zh}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|zh}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|ʒ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ژ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ዠ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|Ż}}
| style="font-size:125%" | {{Transliteration|har|ż}}
| style="font-size:100%" | {{IPAblink|zˁ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ظ}}
| {{Script|Ethi|ⶰ}}
|-
| style="font-size:125%" colspan = "2" | {{Transliteration|har|ʼ}}
|dir = "rtl | {{Script|Arab|ء}}
| {{Script|Ethi|እ}}
|}

:Notes
* The Harari Latin Alphabet has eight digraphs: ch, dh, gh, gn, kh, sh, xh, and zh. It is possible to have a geminated (double) consonant. In the case of digraphs, only the initial letter is doubled, i.e. “dh” followed by “dh” is written as “ddh” {{Script|Ethi|ፅፅ}} / {{Script|Arab|ذّ}})
* The ''apostrophe'' character has multiple functions in Harari Latin orthography:
*# It indicates that the preceding consonant is an isolated consonant and not part of a digraph, e.g. '''hêgʼna''' ({{Script|Ethi|ሔ́ግነ}} / {{Script|Arab|حٛىݘْنَ}}  - ''replace''), i.e. gʼn is “g+n” rather than “gn”. 
*#  It distinguishes between a geminated digraph and a consonant followed by digraph, '''magʼgna''' ({{Script|Ethi|መግኘ}} / {{Script|Arab|مَݘْڹَ}} - ''throwing'') i.e. gʼgn is “g+gn” rather than “ggn”.
*# It separates a consonant and a following independent vowel, '''Gaz’i''' ({{Script|Ethi|ገዝኢ}} / {{Script|Arab|چَزْإِ}} - ''God'')
*# If following a vowel, it indicates that the vowel is stressed, '''raʼyi''' ({{Script|Ethi|ረእዪ}} / {{Script|Arab|رَأْيِ}} - ''idea'') or '''usuʼ''' ({{Script|Ethi|ኡሱእ}} / {{Script|Arab|أُسُؤْ}} - ''person'').

===Sample Text===
 
Below is a sample text, in the three scripts for Harari.<ref name="cunningham"/><ref>Omniglot - Harari [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/harari.htm https://www.omniglot.com/writing/harari.htm]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Latin Script
| Waldâchzinâw dînziyu wâ sinânzîw matlêmadle 1992be qurân gêy kafatnama gêy sinânuw amânbe matlêmad nifarkikut lâtin harfîbe matlêmad êgalna.

Yîbe amânbe waldâchzina ûga zilahadube, 1999be bâdbe (ḣararbe) hukûmazina sabi harfibe sinânzinâw maktable murti huluf zâshasa igʼgnâchum fîtzanâw azzo garab gargab âshna. Yakhnimâm qâcibe zilêqu waldâchuw sabi harfîw matlêmad ôrkut tâb khânama agagnnêw.
|-
! Ge'ez Script
|{{Script|Ethi|ወልዳችዚናው ዲ፞ንዚዩ ዋ ሲናንዚዩ፞ው መትሌ፞መድሌ 1992ቤ ቁራን ጌ፞ይ ከፈትነመ ጌ፞ይ ሲናኑው አማንቤ መትሌ፞መድ ኒፈርኪኩት ላቲ́ን ሐርፊ፞ቤ መትሌ፞መድ ኤ፞ገልነ፨}}

{{Script|Ethi|ዪ፞ቤ አማንቤ ወልዳችዚነ ኡ፞ገ ዚለሐዱቤ፣ 1999ቤ ባድቤ (ሀረርቤ) ሑኩ፞መዚነ ሰቢ ሐርፊቤ ሲናንዚናው መክተብሌ ሙርቲ ሑሉፍ ዛሸሰ ኢግኛቹም ፊ፞ትዚናው አዝዞ ገረብ ገርገብ ኣሽነ። የኽኒማም ቃጪቤ ዚሌ፞ቁ ወልዳቹው ሰቢ ሐርፊ፞ው መትሌ፞መድ ኦ፞ርኩት ታብ ኻነመ አገኝኔ፞ው፨}}
|-
! Arabic Script
| dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|وَلْدَاڛْزِنَاوْ دِىنْزِيُ وَا سِنَانْزِىوْ مَتْلٛىمَدْلٛ ۱۹۹۲بٛ قُرَان ݘٛىيْ كَفَتْنَمَ ݘٛىيْ سِنَانُوْ أَمَانْبٛ مَتْلٛىمَدْ نِفَرْكِكُت لَاتِن حَرفِىبٛ مَتْلٛىمَدْ إٛىݘَلنَ.}}

{{script/Arabic|يِىبٛ أَمَانبٛ وَلْدَاڛْزِنَ أُوݘَ زِلَحَدُبٛ، ۱۹۹۹بٛ بَادْبٛ (هَرَرْبٛ) حُكُومَزِنَ سَبِ حَرْفِبٛ سِنَانْزِنَاوْ مَكْتَبْلٛ مُرْتِ حُلُفْ زَاشَسَ إِݘْڹَاچُمْ فِىتْزَنَاوْ أَزّٚ ݘَرَبْ ݘَرْݘَبْ ءَاشْنَ. يَخْنِمَامْ قَاڟِبٛ زِلٛىقُ وَلْدَاڛُوْ سَبِ حَرفِىوْ مَتْلٛىمَدْ أٚوركُتْ تَابْ خَانَمَ أَݘَڹْنٛىوْ.}}
|-
! Translation
| Back in 1992 Harari Language School was established to teach our children the Harari language. To simplify the process of teaching we adopted the Latin script and have successfully developed it for the need of the Harari language.

In 1999, when the Harari Regional Government adopted the Sabean (Ethiopic) script, we tried to use it here for our students. However our students found Sabean script very hard to learn.
|}

==Numerals==
* 1. ''Ahad''
* 2. ''Ko'ot''
* 3. ''Shi'ishti''
* 4. ''Haret''
* 5. ''Ham'misti''
* 6. ''Siddisti''
* 7. ''Sa'ati''
* 8. ''Su'ut''
* 9. ''Zahtegn''
* 10. ''Assir''
*11. ''Asra ahad''
*12. ''Asra ko'ot''
*13. ''Asra shi'ishti''
*14. ''Asra haret''
*15. ''Asra ham'misti''
*16. ''Asra siddisti''
*17. ''Asra sa'ati''
*18. ''Asra su'ut''
*19. ''Asra zahtegn''
*20. ''Kuya''
*30. ''Saasa''
*40. ''Arbîn''
*50. ''Hamsein''
*60. ''Sit'tin''
*70. ''Sa'ati asir''
*80. ''Su'ut asir''
*90. ''Zahtana''
*100. ''Baqla''
*1,000. ''Kum'' or ''Alfi''

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
*{{Cite book |last1=Garad |first1=Abdurahman |title=Harari-Studien : Texte mit Übersetzung, grammatischen Skizzen und Glossar |last2=Wagner |first2=Ewald |publisher=Harrassowitz |year=1998 |isbn=3-447-03937-X |location=Wiesbaden |language=de}}
*Cerulli, Enrico. “La lingua e la storia di Harar” in ''Studi Etiopici,'' vol. I, 1936 (Roma).
*{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Marcel |title=Etudes d'éthiopien méridional |year=1931 |location=Paris |pages=243–354 |author-link=Marcel Cohen}}
*{{Cite book |last=Andrew Cunningham |url=http://openroad.net.au/languages/african/harari/harari-character-tables-v3.pdf |title=Harari Harfi |date=2011 |publisher=State Library of Victoria and the Australian Saay Harari Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410171352/http://openroad.net.au/languages/african/harari/harari-character-tables-v3.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-10}}
*{{Cite report |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9144 |title=Sociolinguistic survey report of the Zay language area |last1=Gardner |first1=Simon |last2=Siebert |first2=Ralph |volume=2002-024 |year=2001 |series=SIL Electronic Survey Reports}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Leslau |first=Wolf |date=1937 |title=Contributions a l'etude du harari (Abyssinie meridionale) |journal=Journal Asiatique |volume=229}}
* {{Cite book |last=Leslau |first=Wolf |title=The verb in Harari (South Ethiopic) |publisher=University of California Press |year=1958 |location=Berkeley}}
* {{Cite book |last=Leslau |first=Wolf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lYsAQAAIAAJ |title=Ethiopians speak: studies in cultural background |publisher=University of California Press |year=1965 |isbn=9783515036573 |author-link=Wolf Leslau}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Leslau |first=Wolf |date=1959 |title=An Analysis of the Harari Vocabulary |journal=Annales d'Ethiopie |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=275–298 |doi=10.3406/ethio.1959.1310}}
*{{Cite book |last=Mondon-Vidailhet |first=Casimir |title=La langue Harari et les dialectes Ethiopies du Gouraghê |date=1902 |publisher=[[Imprimerie nationale]] |location=Paris |author-link=Casimir Mondon-Vidailhet}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wagner |first=Ewald |title=Harari-Texte in arabischer Schrift : mit Übersetzung und Kommentar |publisher=F. Steiner |year=1983 |location=Wiesbaden}}

==External links==
{{Incubator|har}}
* [[World Atlas of Language Structures]] information on [http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_hrr Harari]
* [http://wollamshram.ca/1001/East/east1_appn02.htm Grammatical Outline and Vocabulary of the Harari Language]

{{Languages of Ethiopia}}
{{Afro-Asiatic languages|state=collapse}}
{{Modern Semitic languages |state=expanded}}
{{Semitic languages |expanded=Western South}}
{{Arabic script}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harari Language}}
[[Category:Languages of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Transverse Ethiopian Semitic languages]]