View source for Hanzhong

{{More citations needed|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->| name               = Hanzhong
| official_name      = 
| other_name         = Hanchung
| native_name        = 汉中市
| native_name_lang   = zh-Hans
| nickname           = 
| settlement_type    = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| total_type         = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| motto              = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline      = The Skyline of West Hanzhong.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Hanzhong City with Han River flowing through
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| image_blank_emblem = 
| dot_map_caption    = 
| dot_x              = 
| dot_y              = 
| image_map          = Location of Hanzhong Prefecture within Shaanxi (China).png
| map_caption        = Location of Hanzhong City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
<!-- |pushpin_map       = China
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in China
|pushpin_mapsize        = 250 -->
<!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Province (China)|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Shaanxi]]
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = 
| seat_type          = Municipal seat
| seat               = [[Hantai District]]
| parts_type         = 
| parts_style        = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
| parts              = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
| p1                 = 
| p2                 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed-->
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Zhong Hongjiang ({{lang|zh-hans|钟洪江}})
| leader_title1      = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|Party Secretary]]
| leader_name1       = ''Vacant''
| leader_title2      = 
| leader_name2       = 
| leader_title3      = 
| leader_name3       = 
| leader_title4      = 
| leader_name4       = 
| established_title  = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date   = c. 800 BC
| established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date1  = 
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date2  = 
| established_title3 = 
| established_date3  = 
| founder            = 
| named_for          = <!-- Area    --------------------->
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 27246<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 3359
| area_metro_km2     = 3359
| area_blank1_title  = 
| area_blank1_km2    = <!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
| elevation_m        = 511
| elevation_max_m    = 2038
| elevation_min_m    = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_as_of   = 2020 census
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-shaanxi-admin.php|title = China: Shaanxi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref>
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 3211462
| population_density_km2 = auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
| population_metro   = 1084448
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 1084448
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = 
| population_blank1  = 
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
| demographics_type2   = GDP<ref>{{cite book|author=陕西省统计局、国家统计局陕西调查总队|title=《陕西统计年鉴－2016》|date=August 2016|publisher=[[China Statistics Press]]|isbn=978-7-5037-7918-3|url=http://www.shaanxitj.gov.cn/upload/2016/tongjinianj2016/2016/indexch.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529123241/http://www.shaanxitj.gov.cn/upload/2016/tongjinianj2016/2016/indexch.htm|archivedate=2017-05-29}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 106 billion<br />[[US$]] 17 billion 
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 30,849<br />US$ 4,953
<!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone           = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| coor_pinpoint      = Hanzhong municipal government
| coordinates        = {{coord|33.0664|N|107.0232|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-61_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 723000
| area_code          = 0916
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-SN-07]]
| blank_name         = [[Vehicle registration plates of China|Licence plates]]
| blank_info         = {{lang|zh-cn|陕F}}
| website            = {{URL|www.hanzhong.gov.cn}}
| footnotes          = 
}}
{{infobox Chinese
| first = t
| s = {{linktext|汉中}}
| t = {{linktext|漢中}}
| p = Hànzhōng
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|h|an|4|.|zh|ong|1}}
| l = middle of the [[Hanshui|Han (River)]]
}}

'''Hanzhong''' ({{lang-zh|s={{linktext|汉中}} |t={{linktext|漢中}} |l=middle of the [[Han River (Hubei)|Han River]]}}; abbreviation: Han) is a [[prefecture-level city]] in [[Southern Shaanxi|the southwest]] of [[Shaanxi|Shaanxi province]], China, bordering the provinces of [[Sichuan]] to the south and [[Gansu]] to the west.

The founder of the [[Han dynasty]], [[Liu Bang]], was once enfeoffed as the king of the Hanzhong region after overthrowing the [[Qin dynasty]]. During the [[Chu-Han contention]], Liu Bang shortened his title to the King of Han ({{lang|zh-Hant|漢王}}), and later used it as the name of his imperial dynasty.  In this way, Hanzhong was responsible for the naming of the Han dynasty, which was later hailed as the first [[golden age]] in imperial Chinese history and lends its name to [[Han Chinese|the principal ethnic group in China]].

Hanzhong is located at the modern [[headwater]] of the Han River, the largest tributary of the [[Yangtze River]]. Hanzhong city covers {{convert|27,246|sqkm|sqmi}} and is centered around the [[Hantai District]]. The prefecture-level city consists of two urban district and nine rural counties. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,211,462, of whom 1,084,448 lived in the built-up (''or metro'') area made of Hantai and Nanzheng districts.

[[File:Hanzhong baoheriver.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Bao River]] ({{lang|zh|褒河}})]]

==History==

===Pre-Qin dynasty (before 220 BC)===
There are few references to Hanzhong before the [[Qin dynasty]]'s unification of China in 221 BC.  The ''[[Book of Documents]]'' refers to an area called Liangzhou ({{lang|zh|梁州}}), while [[Sima Qian]]'s book ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'' speaks of a "Bao state" ({{lang|zh-hant|褒國}}; where the ancient beauty [[Bao Si]] came from), both of which are believed to refer to the area now called Hanzhong.

From 900 BC, the area has been called Nanzheng ({{lang-zh|t=南鄭|l=southern Zheng}}).  The ancient geographical treatise entitled ''[[Shui Jing Zhu]]'' records that [[Duke Huan of Zheng]], a vassal lord from the [[Western Zhou dynasty]], was slain in a battle with the nomadic [[Quanrong]] people, and some of the Zheng citizens fled [[Huazhou District|the capital]] to establish a new settlement to the south, giving rise to the area's name.<ref>''Shui Jing Zhu'', ''juan'' 27, Mian River. {{lang-zh|t=《水經注·沔水》、卷二十七。}}</ref>  However, the veracity of this story is controversial.<ref>{{cite book |author=Chen Xianyuan (陈显远) |author2=Tang Mengjie 唐孟杰 |year=2005 |script-title=zh:汉中地区志 |volume=4 |publisher=Sanqin Press ({{lang|zh|三秦出版社}}) |pages=2161–2162}}</ref>

===Qin and Han dynasties (220 BC – 200 AD)===
[[File:Gilded Bronze Ruler - 1 chi = 231 cm. Western Han (206 BCE - CE 8). Hanzhong City.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gilded Bronze Ruler - 1 ''chi'' = 231 cm. Western Han (206 BCE – CE 8), Hanzhong]]
In the [[Qin dynasty]] the area was governed as the Hanzhong Commandery, whose [[seat of government|seat]] was in current day [[Nanzheng County]], south of the Hanzhong urban area.<ref>[[Records of the Grand Historian]], ''juan'' 5.</ref>  In 207 BC, the Qin dynasty collapsed. [[Liu Bang]], who would later become the founding emperor of the [[Han dynasty]], was made lord of Hanzhong.  He spent several years there before raising an army to challenge his arch-rival, [[Xiang Yu]], during the [[Chu–Han Contention]].  In 206 BC, after the [[Battle of Gaixia|victory at Gaixia]], Liu Bang named his imperial dynasty after his native district, as was customary.  However, he chose Hanzhong rather than his birthplace [[Pei County]] (present-day [[Xuzhou]], [[Jiangsu Province]]).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hu Axiang (胡阿祥) |script-title=zh:刘邦汉国号考原 |script-journal=zh:史学月刊 |url=http://scholar.ilib.cn/A-QCode~sxyk200106009.html |access-date=2011-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325131723/http://scholar.ilib.cn/A-QCode~sxyk200106009.html |archive-date=2012-03-25 |url-status=dead }} '''(Chinese)'''</ref>  Thus, Hanzhong gave its name to the Han dynasty.

In the second century AD, the Eastern Han dynasty gradually weakened. Outsiders from the [[Ba (state)|Ba region]] attacked the Hanzhong area, as they had in the past.  The Han dynasty lost power. [[Zhang Lu (Han dynasty)|Zhang Lu]], supported by followers of a [[Taoist]] sect, [[Way of the Celestial Masters]], led an independent theocratic government in Hanzhong.<ref>[[Sima Guang]] ({{lang|zh-hant|司馬光}}), ''[[Zi Zhi Tong Jian]]'' ({{lang|zh-hant|資治通鑒}}), ''juan'' 58. [http://zh.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7058&variant=zh-cn link] '''(Chinese)'''</ref>  Thirty years later, after the [[Battle of Yangping]], Zhang Lu surrendered Hanzhong to the warlord, [[Cao Cao]].

Prior to and during the [[Three Kingdoms]] period, Hanzhong was a militarily strategically important site.  It was located at a critical point along the route an army would take from the  [[Central Plain (China)|Central Plain]] to the Sichuan Basin.  At this time, Cao Cao lost control of Hanzhong to [[Liu Bei]], who assumed the title of King of Hanzhong.  Ruins and landmarks of the Three Kingdoms era remaining in Hanzhong include the tomb of the [[Shu Han]] chancellor [[Zhuge Liang]].  Much of this period of Hanzhong's history is retold in the historical novel ''[[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]''.

===Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties (618–1368)===
In Hanzhong, between the end of the Han dynasty and the beginning of the [[Tang dynasty]] there was political turmoil. In 784, when the capital, [[Chang'an]] (modern Xi'an) was captured, the [[Emperor Dezong of Tang]] fled to Hanzhong. During the [[Northern Song dynasty]] (960–1127), however, Hanzhong became economically wealthy with city tax revenue just behind that of regional capitals such as [[Kaifeng]] and [[Chengdu]].

===Ming and Qing dynasties, and post-imperial era (1368–present)===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}
In 1331, during the [[Ming dynasty]] in the reign of the [[Hongwu Emperor]], extensive renovations were made to Hanzhong's infrastructure. This work brought Hanzhong to its present layout and form.

The [[Wanli Emperor]] (r. 1572–1620) installed his fifth son, Zhu Changhao ({{lang-zh|c=朱常浩}}), as king of Hanzhong. Changhao built a large, luxurious palace in what is now the Children's Park.<ref>''[[History of Ming]]'', ''juan'' 42.</ref> The palace's Radiant Glass Wall ({{lang-zh|c=玻璃照壁}}) was demolished during road construction in 1935. Since then, a 13.6 m section has been rebuilt on the eastern end of Sanpu Street ({{lang-zh|c=伞铺街|p=Sǎnpù Jīe}}).

In 1643, Zhu Changhao fled south to Sichuan ahead of [[Li Zicheng]]'s rebel army. As he departed, his Hanzhong palace was looted. [[Qing dynasty]] historians remembered the massive but empty palace.

In December 1949, in the [[Chinese Civil War]], Hanzhong was captured by the [[People's Liberation Army]] as the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) expelled the [[Kuomintang]].

==Administration==
The governance of Hanzhong, including the municipal executive, the legislature and the [[Intermediate People's Court|judiciary]] are located in [[Hantai District]] ({{lang|zh-hans|汉台区}}). The offices of the CCP and the [[Public security bureau (China)|Public Security Bureau]] are also located in Hantai District.

Hanzhong consists two urban districts and nine rural counties.

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:100%;" align=center
!colspan="6" align="center" | Map
|-
|colspan="6" align="center" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Hanzhong.png|width=630|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=745|y=440|scale=630/1400|text=[[Hantai District|'''Hantai''']]}}
{{Image label|x=660|y=620|scale=630/1400|text=[[Nanzheng District|'''Nanzheng''']]}}
{{Image label|x=835|y=360|scale=630/1400|text=[[Chenggu County|'''Chenggu<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1050|y=310|scale=630/1400|text=[[Yang County|'''Yang<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1090|y=570|scale=630/1400|text=[[Xixiang County|'''Xixiang<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=580|y=380|scale=630/1400|text=[[Mian County|'''Mian<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=320|y=560|scale=630/1400|text=[[Ningqiang County|'''Ningqiang<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=320|y=290|scale=630/1400|text=[[Lueyang County|'''Lueyang<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1160|y=820|scale=630/1400|text=[[Zhenba County|'''Zhenba<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=710|y=160|scale=630/1400|text=[[Liuba County|'''Liuba<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1180|y=210|scale=630/1400|text=[[Foping County|'''Foping<br>County''']]}}
{{image label end}}
</div>
|-
! Name
! [[Written Chinese|Chinese]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
! Population<br>(2004 est.)
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density (/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|[[Hantai District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|汉台区}}
|Hàntái Qū
|530,000
|556
|954
|-
|[[Nanzheng District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|南郑区}}
|Nánzhèng Qū
|550,000
|2,849
|193
|-
|[[Chenggu County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|城固县}}
|Chénggù Xiàn
|510,000
|2,265
|225
|-
|[[Yang County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|洋县}}
|Yáng Xiàn
|440,000
|3,206
|137
|-
|[[Xixiang County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|西乡县}}
|Xīxiāng Xiàn
|400,000
|3,204
|125
|-
|[[Mian County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|勉县}}
|Miǎn Xiàn
|420,000
|2,406
|175
|-
|[[Ningqiang County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|宁强县}}
|Níngqiáng Xiàn
|330,000
|3,243
|102
|-
|[[Lueyang County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|略阳县}}
|Lüèyáng Xiàn
|200,000
|2,831
|71
|-
|[[Zhenba County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|镇巴县}}
|Zhènbā Xiàn
|280,000
|3,437
|81
|-
|[[Liuba County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|留坝县}}
|Liúbà Xiàn
|50,000
|1,970
|25
|-
|[[Foping County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|佛坪县}}
|Fópíng Xiàn
|30,000
|1,279
|23
|}

==Economy==
{{Expand section|date=May 2010}}
In 2021, the Hanzhong regional [[gross domestic product]] was 176.87 billion  [[Chinese yuan|yuan]]. The annual gross domestic product per capita was 55279 yuan.

===Military industry===
The 012 base was established in Hanzhong in the 1960s. It is responsible for military transport aircraft and [[Air-to-air missile]]s in Yangxian County.
{{Further|Shaanxi Y-8|Vympel K-13}}

==Geography==
{{climate chart
| Hanzhong
| -0.2 |  7.1 |   7.4
|  2.2 | 10.0 |  12.0
|  6.0 | 14.9 |  27.5
| 11.1 | 21.2 |  50.2
| 15.7 | 25.8 |  88.7
| 19.7 | 28.5 |  95.0
| 22.1 | 30.1 | 163.0
| 21.5 | 29.6 | 138.8
| 17.4 | 24.6 | 141.4
| 12.2 | 19.1 |  73.2
|  6.0 | 13.2 |  31.0
|  0.9 |  7.8 |   9.7
|float=right
|clear=none
|source = CMA <ref name="cma graphical"/> }}
[[File:Hanzhong District.jpg|thumb|500px|left|Satellite view of the Hanzhong Basin, via [[NASA]].]]

Hanzhong is located in southwestern Shaanxi, near the border with [[Gansu]] and [[Sichuan]] Provinces. It is part of the [[Shannan (region)|Shannan region]]. Hanzhong lies in the centre of the [[Hanzhong Basin]], on the banks of the [[Han River (Yangtze River tributary)|Han River]] (Hanshui).

The [[Daba Mountains]] rise to the south of the city. To the north are the [[Qin Mountains]]. These mountains make a northern geographical limit of southern China. However, officially, Shaanxi is part of [[Northwest China|the northwest]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://bbs.cnwest.com/thread-391443-1-1.html |script-title = zh:驳："我们陕南不是西北" "汉中在地理上属于西南"之说 |publisher = Shaanxi CnWest.com |language = zh-cn |access-date = 2011-03-15 |archive-date = 2011-05-27 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110527165054/http://bbs.cnwest.com/thread-391443-1-1.html |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>
{{cite web |url = http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/214126130.html |script-title=zh:陕西汉中属于西南方向吗？ |work = Baidu |publisher = Baidu Zhidao |language=zh-cn |access-date = 2011-03-15}}</ref> For more on the divisions between northern and southern China, see [[Northern and southern China]].

The coordinates of the city's prefecture ranges in latitude from 33° 02' to 33° 22' N and in longitude from 106° 51' to 107° 10' E. It covers {{convert|27246|km2}}.<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.xzqh.org/QUHUA/61sx/07hanzhong.htm Profile of Hanzhong] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610042450/http://xzqh.org/quhua/61sx/07hanzhong.htm |date=2008-06-10 }}, Accessed 2008-05-27.</ref> The northern part of the prefecture is elevated while the southern part is generally low lying. Height above sea level varies from around {{convert|500|m}} in the urban area to {{convert|2038|m}} in the Qin Mountains.

The [[Wuchiapingian]] [[age (geology)|Age]] in the [[Permian]] Period of geological time is named from Wuchiaping (from {{lang-zh|s=吴家坪|p=Wújiāpíng|l=[[Wu (surname)|Wu]] Family Flatland"}}) in the Liangshan area of Hanzhong.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nigpas.ac.cn/lib/bscbp/cbpshow2.asp?chansid=1866 |script-title=zh:陕西汉中梁山吴家坪灰岩的再研究 |trans-title=Restudies on the Wujiaping Limestone Liangshan of Hanzhong, Shaanxi |access-date=29 November 2012 |archive-date=29 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729141111/http://www.nigpas.ac.cn/lib/bscbp/cbpshow2.asp?chansid=1866 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Climate===
Hanzhong has a temperate and humid climate. It is classified as [[humid subtropical]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa''), with cool, damp winters and hot, humid summers.

The Qin Mountains to the north help shield the city from cold [[Siberian anticyclone|Siberian winds]] in the winter. Hence, the winter in Hanzhong is warmer than that at similar latitudes east of Shannan. This is despite Hanzhong's elevation and inland location.

In contrast, because of its elevation, Hanzhong summers are temperate, with average highs in July and August about {{convert|30|°C}}. The area is far more humid than [[Guanzhong|central]] and [[Shanbei|northern Shaanxi]]. In Hanzhong, there is {{convert|853|mm|1|abbr=on}} precipitation annually, as compared to {{convert|553|mm|1|abbr=on}} in [[Xi'an]], the provincial capital.<ref name = "CMA old"/> The chance of sunshine days per month varies from twenty-six percent in November and December to fifty percent in August. Hanzhong receives 1,569 hours of bright sunshine each year. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|2.8|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|25.6|°C|1}} in July. The annual mean is {{convert|14.67|°C|1}}. Record extremes there have ranged from {{convert|-10.1|°C|1}} on 14 January 1957 to {{convert|41.1|°C|1}} on 16 July 2025.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Hanzhong, elevation {{convert|510|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| collapsed = Y
| Jan high C = 7.5
| Feb high C = 10.7
| Mar high C = 16.1
| Apr high C = 22.3
| May high C = 26.1
| Jun high C = 29.0
| Jul high C = 30.9
| Aug high C = 30.6
| Sep high C = 25.0
| Oct high C = 19.3
| Nov high C = 13.4
| Dec high C = 8.2
| Jan mean C = 3.2
| Feb mean C = 6.1
| Mar mean C = 10.8
| Apr mean C = 16.4
| May mean C = 20.4
| Jun mean C = 24.1
| Jul mean C = 26.3
| Aug mean C = 25.7
| Sep mean C = 20.8
| Oct mean C = 15.3
| Nov mean C = 9.3
| Dec mean C = 4.2
| Jan low C = 0.2
| Feb low C = 2.8
| Mar low C = 6.9
| Apr low C = 11.9
| May low C = 16.1
| Jun low C = 20.1
| Jul low C = 22.5
| Aug low C = 22.0
| Sep low C = 17.8
| Oct low C = 12.7
| Nov low C = 6.6
| Dec low C = 1.5
| Jan record high C = 20.3
| Feb record high C = 22.7
| Mar record high C = 30.9
| Apr record high C = 34.4
| May record high C = 37.4
| Jun record high C = 40.5
| Jul record high C = 41.1
| Aug record high C = 40.6
| Sep record high C = 37.8
| Oct record high C = 31.4
| Nov record high C = 24.8
| Dec record high C = 18.4
| Jan record low C = −10.1
| Feb record low C = −8.4
| Mar record low C = −4.8
| Apr record low C = −1.1
| May record low C = 5.7
| Jun record low C = 10.0
| Jul record low C = 15.1
| Aug record low C = 14.1
| Sep record low C = 7.9
| Oct record low C = −1.3
| Nov record low C = −3.9
| Dec record low C = -10.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 6.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 28.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 53.9
| May precipitation mm = 87.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 99.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 144.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 118.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 141.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 77.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 33.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 7.9
| Jan humidity = 77
| Feb humidity = 74
| Mar humidity = 71
| Apr humidity = 72
| May humidity = 72
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 78
| Aug humidity = 78
| Sep humidity = 83
| Oct humidity = 86
| Nov humidity = 86
| Dec humidity = 81
| unit precipitation days = 0.1&nbsp;mm
| Jan precipitation days = 4.7
| Feb precipitation days = 5.3
| Mar precipitation days = 8.2
| Apr precipitation days = 9.5
| May precipitation days = 11.6
| Jun precipitation days = 11.8
| Jul precipitation days = 12.6
| Aug precipitation days = 11.2
| Sep precipitation days = 13.2
| Oct precipitation days = 12.4
| Nov precipitation days = 8.5
| Dec precipitation days = 5.2
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 74.4
| Feb sun = 78.3
| Mar sun = 120.7
| Apr sun = 155.0
| May sun = 169.4
| Jun sun = 170.2
| Jul sun = 191.7
| Aug sun = 188.2
| Sep sun = 108.9
| Oct sun = 87.6
| Nov sun = 72.5
| Dec sun = 74.8
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 23
| Feb percentsun = 25
| Mar percentsun = 32
| Apr percentsun = 40
| May percentsun = 39
| Jun percentsun = 40
| Jul percentsun = 44
| Aug percentsun = 46
| Sep percentsun = 30
| Oct percentsun = 25
| Nov percentsun = 23
| Dec percentsun = 24
| year percentsun = 
| Jan snow days = 3.2
| Feb snow days = 1.8
| Mar snow days = 0.6
| Apr snow days = 0
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 0.4
| Dec snow days = 1.3
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language= zh-hans |access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language= zh-hans | access-date =24 September 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 
}}</ref>[[NOAA]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/China/CSV/HANZHONG_57127.csv
|title = Hanzhong Climate Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = [[NOAA]]
|language=en-US}}
</ref> all-time extreme temperature<ref name = Mherrera>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
|title= Extreme Temperatures Around the World
|access-date= 2025-01-01
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.roostweather.com/worldclimate/graphs.php?code=CHM00057127
|title= Hanzhong Climate: 1991–2020
|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather
|access-date= 22 July 2025
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://weibo.com/1920136013/PBoURotM4 |script-title=zh:【疯狂的高温】今天有1076个国家气象站出现35℃以上高温，占比44.8%。今天有102个站点达到40℃以上。酷热站数之多，同期少见。湖北陕西山西河南四川重庆甘肃，共有46站气温打破7月最高纪录，其中19站打破观测史最高纪录。  陕西的兴平和勉县连续2天打破观测史最高纪录，陕西汉中、湖北巴东连续2天打破7月最高气温纪录，今天破观测史纪录。另外，较高海拔的四川九寨沟37.8℃、湖北神农架38℃，也打破了观测史最高纪录（如果神农架有野人，估计也热中暑了）。  今天有14个省会首府直辖市出现高温，重庆沙坪坝41.3℃、成都温江38.3℃、兰州36.8℃创出今年气温新高，成都温江也打破当地7月最高气温纪录。明天成都可能冲击40℃，长沙39℃，贵阳33℃，均可能创今年气温新高。而且青海四川重庆部分地区存在破纪录可能。  总体来看，明天开始，陕西山西河南湖北安徽江苏浙江等地的高温开始减弱。但西部地区高温依然较强。今晚中央气象台继续发布高温橙色预警，重庆西部和北部、四川盆地中南部、内蒙古西北部、新疆吐鲁番盆地等地的部分地区可达40℃以上。  18-19日中东部地区的高温强度不是很强，基本看不到40℃以上的酷热，但是范围依然不小。另外在新疆，因为高空暖脊的发展加强，高温也会更上一层楼。乌鲁木齐报出18-19日最高37-38℃，将创今年新高。|publisher=weatherman_信欣 on [[Weibo]] |language = zh-hans | access-date = 16 July 2025 |title=Sina Visitor System }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://weibo.com/1920136013/PEi8B9y9r |script-title=zh:【高温】今天重庆四川包揽高温榜前十，重庆巫溪44.2℃不仅拿下今天全国第一，也打破当地观测史最高纪录。今天重庆四川陕西湖北海南云南有13站打破8月最高气温纪录，海口37.6℃也在列。除了重庆巫溪，四川苍溪41℃、湖北孝感39.5℃、陕西留坝37.8℃，共4站打破观测史最高气温纪录。  今天12个省会首府直辖市出现高温，海口和重庆沙坪坝创出今年气温新高。通常重庆最热在8月，这个不意外。海口最热往往是4-5月，今年最高气温落在8月，也是相当少见。今天郑州拿下第47个高温日，打破全年最多纪录。明天高温依然处于鼎盛阶段，但6-7日随着冷空气南下，降雨发展，高温缩减。  明天四川东部、重庆一带，还是40℃的核心高温区。重庆沙坪坝报出41℃。之后重庆的连续40℃可能暂时告一段落，到了11日重庆都有机会退出高温区。而未来高温最持久的可能是海口。又连续报出7天，这样在8月的连续高温不多见。8日以后两广一带随着降雨减少，广州和南宁的高温会增多。 |publisher=weatherman_信欣 on [[Weibo]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =4 August 2025 |title=Sina Visitor System }}</ref>
| source = 
}}

=== Cityscape ===
{{wide image|汉中 东南全景图.jpg|1000px|Panorama of southeastern Hanzhong.}}
{{wide image|汉中 北部天际线.jpg|1000px|Panorama of northern Hanzhong.}}
{{clear left}}

== Transport ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}[[File:Hanzhong Chenggu Airport.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hanzhong Chenggu Airport]]
Hanzhong's transport needs are served by the [[Hanzhong Chenggu Airport]] and [[Yangpingguan–Ankang Railway]]. [[Hanzhong Airport]] provides air access to [[Beijing]], Xi'an, [[Shanghai]] and [[Shenzhen]] with daily flights to each.

[[Hanzhong railway station]] lies in downtown Hanzhong, and is served by the [[Xi'an–Chengdu high-speed railway]] and [[Yangpingguan–Ankang railway]] lines.

Hanzhong is also part of a national system of highways. It joins the [[G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway|G5]] Beijing-Kunming expressway and the [[G7011 Shiyan–Tianshui Expressway|G7011]] Shiyan-Hanzhong-Tianshui expressway. [[National Highway 108]], [[China National Highway 316]], [[China National Highway 210]] and the provincial roads 211 and 309 constitute the developed traffic network of Hanzhong.

== Education ==
At the end of 2012, Hanzhong had two hundred and seven middle schools and several centres of higher education. 
* [[Shaanxi University of Technology]]
* Shaanxi Aviation Vocational College
* Shaanxi Institute of Aeronautical Technology
* Hanzhong Vocational Technical College

== Sights ==
[[File:汉中文公祠道观.jpg|thumb|right |250px|Taoist temple in Hanzhong City]]
* Hanzhong Museum
* Zhangqian Memorial Museum 
* Baijiang Platform
* Ancient Hutou Bridge
* Qingmuchuan Ancient Town 
* Liping National Forest Park

== See also ==
* [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Hanzhong}}
* [http://en.hanzhong.gov.cn/ Hanzhong government website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506044857/http://en.hanzhong.gov.cn/ |date=2016-05-06 }} {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/253868/Hanzhong Hanzhong (China) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia]

{{Clear}}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Hanzhong
|North = [[Baoji]]
|Northeast = [[Xi'an]]
|East = [[Ankang]]
|Southeast = [[Dazhou]], [[Sichuan]]
|South = [[Bazhong]], [[Sichuan]]
|Southwest = [[Guangyuan]], [[Sichuan]]
|West = [[Longnan]], [[Gansu]]
|Northwest =
}}
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{{Shaanxi}}
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{{Shaanxi topics}}
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[[Category:Hanzhong| ]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Shaanxi]]
[[Category:Cities in Shaanxi]]
[[Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City]]