View source for Hans Chiari

{{Short description|Austrian pathologist (1851–1916)}}
{{For|various diseases named after Hans Chiari|Chiari syndrome (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Hans Chiari
| image             = Hans Chiari.jpg
| image_size        = 230px
| caption           = Hans Chiari
| birth_date        = 4 September 1851
| birth_place       = [[Vienna]], [[Austrian Empire]]
| death_date        = {{death-date and age|6 May 1916|4 September 1851}}
| death_place       = [[Strasbourg]], [[German Empire]]
| residence         =
| citizenship       = 
| nationality       = [[Austria]]n
| ethnicity         = 
| field             = [[Pathology]]
| work_institutions = 
| alma_mater        = 
| doctoral_advisor  = 
| doctoral_students = 
| known_for         = [[Arnold–Chiari malformation]]<br/>[[Budd–Chiari syndrome]]<br/>[[Chiari network]]
| author_abbrev_bot = 
| author_abbrev_zoo = 
| prizes            = 
| religion          = 
| father            = [[Johann Baptist Chiari]]
| relatives         = [[Ottokar Chiari]] (brother)
| footnotes         = 
| signature         = 
}}'''Hans Chiari''' ({{IPAc-en|k|i|ˈ|ɑː|r|i}} {{respell|kee|AR|ee}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/chiari-malformation|title=Chiari malformation|work=[[Cambridge Dictionary]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Merriam-Webster|Chiari malformation}}</ref> {{IPA|de-AT|hans ˈki̯aːri|lang}}; 4 September 1851 − 6 May 1916) was a [[pathology|pathologist]] from [[Vienna]], [[Austria-Hungary]]. He was the son of [[Gynaecology|gynecologist]] [[Johann Baptist Chiari]] (1817–1854) and the brother of [[Otorhinolaryngology|otorhinolaryngologist]] [[Ottokar Chiari]] (1853–1918).

== Biography ==
Chiari studied medicine in Vienna, where he was an assistant to [[Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky]] (1804–1878) and [[Richard L. Heschl|Richard Ladislaus Heschl]] (1824–1881). In 1878 he received his habilitation in [[pathological anatomy]], and within a few years became an associate professor at the [[Charles University in Prague|University of Prague]]. At [[Prague]] he was also superintendent of the [[pathological anatomy|pathological-anatomical]] museum. In 1906 he relocated to the [[University of Strasbourg]] as a professor of pathological anatomy.

Chiari's research dealt largely with postmortem examinations, and most of his numerous writings are the result of [[autopsy|autopsies]]. In the 1890s he described a condition involving deformities of the [[cerebellum]], and [[brainstem]] in children with herniation of the [[spinal cord]].<ref name=AC>[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1154.html Arnold–Chiari malformation] @ [[Who Named It]]</ref> The phenomenon was later to become known as the "[[Arnold–Chiari malformation]]", named after Chiari and German pathologist, [[Julius Arnold]] (1835–1915). The malformation was given its name in 1907 by two of Dr. Arnold's students.<ref>[http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/280.html Julius Arnold] @ [[Who Named It]]</ref>

Another medical term named after Chiari is the [[Budd–Chiari syndrome]], which is [[ascites]] and [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] caused by an obstruction of the [[hepatic veins]] due to a blood clot. It is named in conjunction with British physician [[George Budd]] (1808–1882).<ref>[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1335.html Budd-Chiari syndrome] @ [[Who Named It]]</ref>  Lastly, Chiari is also famous for describing the "Chiari network", an embryonic remnant found in  the [[right atrium]], first published in 1897.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 3248639 | pmid=21909773 | doi=10.1007/s00246-011-0114-6 | volume=33 | issue=1 | title=Chiari's network as a cause of fetal and neonatal pathology | journal=Pediatr Cardiol | pages=188–91 | last1 = Bendadi | first1 = F | last2 = van Tijn | first2 = DA | last3 = Pistorius | first3 = L | last4 = Freund | first4 = MW| year=2012 }}</ref>

== Publications ==
* "Über Veränderungen des Kleinhirns infolge von Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns", ''Deutsche medicinische Wochenschrift'', Berlin, 1891, 17: 1172–1175 – On cerebellar changes caused by [[hydrocephalus]] of the [[cerebrum]].
* "Über Veränderungen des Kleinhirns, der Pons und der Medulla oblongata, infolge von congenitaler Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns", ''Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien'', 1895, 63: 71. – On changes to the cerebellum, [[pons]] and the [[medulla oblongata]], caused by hydrocephalus of the cerebrum.<ref name=AC/>

==See also==
* [[Pathology]]
* [[List of pathologists]]

==References==
*{{cite journal
|last=Loukas
|first=Marios
|author2=Noordeh Nima |author3=Shoja Mohammadali M |author4=Pugh Jeffrey |author5=Oakes W Jerry |author6=Tubbs R Shane
 |date=March 2008
|title=Hans Chiari (1851–1916)
|journal=[[Child's Nervous System]]
|volume=24
|issue=3
|pages=407–9
| pmid = 18066558
|doi = 10.1007/s00381-007-0535-y
 |s2cid=28160855
}}
*{{cite journal
|last=Arnett
|first=Bridgette
|date=June 2003
|title=Arnold–Chiari malformation
|journal=[[Arch. Neurol.]]
|volume=60
|issue=6
|pages=898–900
| pmid = 12810499
|doi = 10.1001/archneur.60.6.898
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=Pearce
|first=J.M.S.
|date=January 2000
|title=Arnold Chiari, or "Cruveilhier Cleland Chiari" malformation
|journal=[[J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry]]
|volume=68
|issue=1
|page=13
| pmid = 10601393
| doi = 10.1136/jnnp.68.1.13
|pmc=1760604
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=Koehler
|first=P J
|date=November 1991
|title=Chiari's description of cerebellar ectopy (1891). With a summary of Cleland's and Arnold's contributions and some early observations on neural-tube defects
|journal=[[J. Neurosurg.]]
|volume=75
|issue=5
|pages=823–6
| pmid = 1919713
|doi=10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0823
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=Lagerkvist
|first=B
|author2=Olsen L
|date=August 1991
|title=[The men behind the syndrome. John Cleland, Hans Chiari and Julius Arnold—3 men behind a new phenomenon. Brain stem defects in children with myelocele]
|journal=[[Läkartidningen]]
|volume=88
|issue=32–33
|pages=2610–1
| pmid = 1881219
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=Chiari
|first=H
|year=1987
|title=Concerning alterations in the cerebellum resulting from cerebral hydrocephalus. 1891
|journal=[[Pediatric Neuroscience]]
|volume=13
|issue=1
|pages=3–8
| pmid = 3317333
| doi = 10.1159/000120293
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=Wilkins
|first=R H
|author2=Brady I A
|date=October 1971
|title=The Arnold–Chiari malformations
|journal=[[Arch. Neurol.]]
|volume=25
|issue=4
|pages=376–9
|doi=10.1001/archneur.1971.00490040102013
| pmid = 4938787
 }}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*  Weill Cornell Chiari CARE  http://weillcornellbrainandspine.org/chiari
*  The Chiari Institute https://web.archive.org/web/20080505070336/http://chiariinstitute.com/
*  The Chiari Center of Wisconsin http://www.wichiaricenter.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225211708/http://www.wichiaricenter.org/ |date=2012-02-25 }} 
* [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1123.html Hans Chiari] @ [[Who Named It]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiari, Hans}}
[[Category:Pathologists from Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:Physicians from Vienna]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg]]