View source for Hanahoe

{{Short description|1980s South Korean secret society}}
{{Expand Korean|하나회|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode        = {{party color|Democratic Justice Party}}
| name             = Group of One
| native_name      = {{nobold|{{lang|ko|하나회<br />하나會}}}}
| logo             = The main members of Hanahoe.jpeg
| caption          = {{small|A commemorative photo taken in front of the [[Defense Counterintelligence Command|Military Security Command]] building on December 14, 1979, after the success of [[Coup d'état of December Twelfth]]. From the left side of the bottom line, the fourth is [[Roh Tae-woo]] and the fifth is [[Chun Doo-hwan]].}}
| leader           = [[Chun Doo-hwan]]<br />[[Roh Tae-woo]]
| founder          = [[Chun Doo-hwan]]
| foundation       = {{start date|1963}}
| dissolution      = {{end date|1993}}
| ideology         = {{ublist
 | [[Anti-communism]]
 | Pro-[[Chun Doo-hwan]]
 | [[Militarism]]<ref>{{cite book|editor=조희연 |script-title=ko:복합적 갈등 속 의 한국 민주주의: '정치적 독점' 의 변형 연구 |date=2008 |page=155 |publisher=한울 아카데미 }}</ref>
}}
| position         = [[Far-right politics|Far-right]]<ref>{{cite book|editor=정주신 |script-title=ko:한국 의 민주화 와 군부 정권 퇴진 |date=2009 |page=440 |publisher=프리마 Books }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor=사회평론 |script-title=ko:사회평론길・ - 73-76호 |date=1996 |page=166 |publisher=사회평론 }}</ref>
| national         = 
| membership       = {{ublist|class = nowrap
 | [[Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)|Democratic Republican Party]] (''faction'')
 | [[Democratic Justice Party]]
 | [[New Korea Party|Democratic Liberal Party]]
}}
| predecessor      = [[Chilseonghoe]]
| youth_wing       = 
| footnotes = {{Infobox Korean name/auto|hangul=^하나회|hanja=하나會|child=yes}}
}}
'''Hanahoe''' ({{Korean|hangul=하나회|lit=Group of One}}) was an unofficial private group and [[secret society]] of [[Military of South Korea|military]] officers in South Korea headed by [[Chun Doo-hwan]], who later became the [[President of South Korea|South Korean president]] during the [[Fifth Republic of Korea|Fifth Republic]] era.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/rok/dsc.htm|title=hanahoead}}</ref>

== History ==
An article in the ''[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]'' traces the group's origins to the private group Chilsonghoe ({{Korean|hangul=칠성회|hanja=七星會|labels=no|lit=Seven Star Society}}) in 1958 that was formed by seven people, including Chun Doo-hwan, [[Roh Tae-woo]], and [[Chung Ho-yong]].<ref>{{Citation |last=김 |first=정한 |script-title=ko:신군부 (新軍部) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0073743 |access-date=2024-04-12 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref> The group was an expansion of the group Osunghoe ({{Korean|hangul=오성회|hanja=五星會|labels=no}}), formed in 1951, which had five members-Roh, Chun, Kim Bok-dong, Choi Sung-taek, Park Byung-ha, and Chilsonghoe included two more members-Jung Ho-yong and Kwon Yik-hyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspim.com/news/view/20211123000675|script-title=ko:육사·하나회·쿠데타 질긴 인연 전두환과 노태우…죽음도 '추종'|website=[[NewsPim]]|date=2021-11-23}}</ref>

Initially formed by graduates of the eleventh class of the [[Korea Military Academy]] in 1955, Hanahoe built up its ranks by recruiting three to four members per subsequent classes of the KMA, mostly from [[Gyeongsang Province]]. Hanahoe formed the core of the group that eventually took control of the presidency and government from [[Choi Kyu-hah]] in the [[Coup d'état of December Twelfth|December 12]], 1979 and the [[Coup d'état of May Seventeenth]], 1980, ending the [[Fourth Republic of South Korea|Fourth Republic]]. Subsequently, Hanahoe also played an instrumental role in violent suppression of the [[Gwangju Uprising]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

After its initial seizure of power, Hanahoe maintained great influence in [[Politics of South Korea|South Korean politics]] throughout the 1980s, but was later disbanded by force in 1993 upon inauguration of [[Kim Young-sam]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Han |first1=DongMin |script-title=ko:[오늘의 역사 번외] 부패군인 향한 김영삼의 결단 '하나회 숙청' |url=https://www.incheontoday.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=242878 |website=인천투데이 |access-date=10 August 2024 |language=ko |date=8 March 2024}}</ref> Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-Woo, together with other members of Hanahoe, were convicted for their role in the two coups and [[Gwangju Massacre]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

== In popular culture ==
* The 2005 TV series [[5th Republic (TV series)|''5th Republic'']] was the first mentioned media featuring the Hanahoe's 1979 coup and the entire history of the [[Fifth Republic of Korea]].
* The 2023 South Korean film ''[[12.12: The Day]]'' follows a fictionalized version of Hanahoe's 1979 coup.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kwon |first1=Hyuk-chul |title=How Chun Doo-hwan seized power in a coup — and why it's unlikely to happen now |url=https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/1118584.html |access-date=5 December 2023 |agency=[[The Hankyoreh]] |date=2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Fourth Republic of Korea]]<!-- category first. -->
[[Category:Anti-communism in South Korea]]
[[Category:Militarism]]
[[Category:Military history of South Korea]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in South Korea]]
[[Category:Political organizations based in South Korea]]
[[Category:Political history of South Korea]]
[[Category:Chun Doo-hwan]]

{{Korea-hist-stub}}