View source for Hakone Tozan Line

{{Short description|Mountain railway in Japan}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name             = Hakone Tozan Line
| color            = FF4500<!-- OrangeRed -->
| logo             = Odakyu Hakone StaNo.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| image            = Hakonetozan-1002.JPG
| caption          = Hakone Tozan Railway 1000 series trainset "Bernina" at Gōra Station
| native_name      = 箱根登山鉄道線
| native_name_lang = ja
| owner            = [[Odakyu Group]]
| locale           = [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], Japan
| start            = {{STN|Odawara|x}}
| end              = {{STN|Gōra|x}}
| stations         = 11
| operator         = [[Odakyu Hakone]]
| depot            = {{STN|Iriuda|x}}
| open             = {{Start date and age|1919|06|01|df=y}}
| linelength_km    = 15.0
| tracks           = [[Single-track railway|1]], with [[passing loop]]s
| gauge            = {{Unbulleted indent list
  | Gōra–Iriuda: {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
  | Hakone-Yumoto–Odawara: {{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
  }}
| minradius        = {{cvt|555|ft|order=flip}}
| maxincline       = 8%
| electrification  = {{Unbulleted indent list
  | [[Overhead line]]:
  | Gōra–Iriuda: {{750 V DC}}
  | Hakone-Yumoto–Odawara: {{1,500 V DC}}
  }}
| signalling       = Automatic closed block
| trainprotection  = [[Automatic train stop|D-ATS-P]]
| elevation_m      = 553
| map              = {{Hakone Tozan Line Map|inline=y}}
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Hakone Tozan Line'''|箱根登山鉄道線|Hakone Tozan Tetsudō-sen|{{lit|Hakone Mountain-Climbing Railroad Line}}|lead=yes}} is a [[mountain railway]] in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], Japan. It is operated by [[Odakyu Hakone]], an [[Odakyu Group]] company that also operates the [[Hakone Tozan Cable Car]],  [[Hakone Ropeway]] and [[Hakone Sightseeing Cruise]].

Although presented as a single railway line, the Hakone Tozan Line operates as two distinct sections with different technical and operational characteristics. The lower section, between {{STN|Odawara|x}} and {{STN|Hakone-Yumoto|x}} stations, is operated exclusively by [[Through service|through trains]] of the [[Odakyū Odawara Line]] using conventional Japanese narrow-gauge rolling stock. The upper mountain section, between Hakone-Yumoto and {{STN|Gōra|x}} station, is operated by Hakone Tozan Railway trains built to [[Standard-gauge railway|standard gauge]] and specially designed for steep gradients and sharp curves. Passengers must change trains at Hakone-Yumoto.

==History==
The origins of the Hakone Tozan Line date to October 1, 1888, when the Odawara Horse-drawn Railway opened a line from [[Kōzu Station (Kanagawa)|Kōzu Station]] via Odawara Station to Hakone-Yumoto Station. The operating company was renamed Odawara Electric Railway on October 31, 1896, and the line was electrified on March 21, 1900, operating as a tramway at 600&nbsp;V&nbsp;DC.

Mountain railway operations began on June 1, 1919, when an electrified (600&nbsp;V&nbsp;DC) line opened between Hakone-Yumoto and [[Gōra Station]], enabling rail access deeper into the Hakone mountains. On December 16, 1920, the tramway section between Kōzu and Odawara was closed, with the line instead connecting to the [[Japanese Government Railways]] (now [[Japan Railways Group|JR]]) [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] at Odawara. Hakone Tozan Railway was formally established as a company on August 16, 1928.

On October 1, 1935, the mainline railway was extended from Hakone-Yumoto to Odawara, while the remaining tram section between Odawara and [[Hakone-Itabashi Station]] was retained as the Odawara Town Line. This tram section was renamed the Odawara City Line on December 20, 1940, and was ultimately abandoned on June 1, 1956. Hakone Tozan Railway became part of the [[Odakyu Group]] on June 1, 1948.

Through services between Tokyo and Hakone were introduced on August 1, 1950, when [[Odakyu Electric Railway]] began operating Limited Express and Express trains from [[Shinjuku Station]] to Hakone-Yumoto. To accommodate through operation alongside mountain railway rolling stock, the Odawara–Hakone-Yumoto section was converted to [[dual gauge]], and its electrification voltage was increased to 1,500&nbsp;V&nbsp;DC.

Modernization of the mountain section continued on July 14, 1993, when the Hakone-Yumoto–Gōra segment was uprated from 600 to 750&nbsp;V&nbsp;DC, enabling operation with longer three-car electric multiple units. A major operational change occurred on March 18, 2006, when Hakone Tozan Railway discontinued the use of its own rolling stock between Odawara and Hakone-Yumoto. Most of the dual-gauge track was removed at that time, leaving only the short section between [[Iriuda Station]] and Hakone-Yumoto to allow standard-gauge mountain trains access to Iriuda Depot. On March 15, 2008, a new Odakyu "[[Romancecar]]" through service to [[Kita-Senju Station]] was introduced.

The mountain section between Hakone-Yumoto and Gōra was closed on October 12, 2019, after severe damage caused by [[Typhoon Hagibis (2019)|Typhoon Hagibis]], which triggered landslides and washed away track ballast.<ref name="MN301019">{{cite web |last=Kinoshita |first=Shotaro |date=18 October 2019 |title=Famous Japan mountain railway to take months to recover after Typhoon Hagibis: operator |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20191017/p2a/00m/0na/020000c |access-date=30 October 2019 |website=mainichi.jp |publisher=[[The Mainichi]]}}</ref> In November 2019, the operator announced that repairs would extend into 2020. Test trains resumed on July 9, 2020, and full passenger service was restored on July 23.<ref name="TAS090720">{{cite web |last=Murano |first=Eiichi |date=9 July 2020 |title=Test runs begin to resume trains along Hakone mountain route |url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13529962 |access-date=9 July 2020 |website=asahi.com |publisher=[[The Asahi Shimbun]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-14 |title=Traversing Hakone's "Golden Course" by Land, Air, and Water |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/guide-to-japan/gu900155/ |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=nippon.com |language=en}}</ref>

On April 1, 2024, the operating company was renamed from Hakone Tozan Railway Co., Ltd. to Odakyu Hakone Co., Ltd., reflecting a broader reorganization within the Odakyu Group.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Odakyu Hakone Holdings Co., Ltd. |date=24 January 2024 |title=小田急箱根グループの組織再編に関するお知らせ |trans-title=Notice regarding reorganization of Odakyu Hakone Group |url=https://www.odakyu-hakone.jp/common/pdf/20240124_info.pdf |language=Japanese}}</ref>

==Operations==
The {{convert|15.0|km|adj=on}} line climbs {{Convert|527|m}} from Odawara to Gōra while traversing [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]. Its alignment and infrastructure were designed to minimize environmental impact while accommodating difficult topography. The line is mostly [[Single-track railway|single-track]] with [[Passing loop|passing loops]] at stations and [[Zig zag (railway)|switchbacks]].

The Hakone Tozan Line consists of two operational sections:

===Odawara–Hakone-Yumoto===
This section is electrified at {{1,500 V DC}} and uses {{Track gauge|1067mm}} track. All services are operated by Odakyu Electric Railway as part of the Odakyū Odawara Line. Limited Express "[[Romancecar]]" and local services run through to and from Odawara, with some Limited Express services continuing to [[Shinjuku Station]] and, on weekends, to [[Kita-Senju Station]] via the [[Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line]]. Journey time between Odawara and Hakone-Yumoto is approximately 15 minutes.

===Hakone-Yumoto–Gōra===
The mountain section is electrified at {{750 V DC}} and laid to standard gauge. It is operated exclusively by Hakone Tozan Railway trains designed for mountainous terrain, including steep gradients up to 8% and tight curves with a [[Minimum railway curve radius|minimum radius]] of {{convert|555|ft|order=flip}}. The section includes three switchbacks and takes approximately 40 minutes to traverse.

== Stations ==
All stations are located in Kanagawa Prefecture.

Legend:
* ● - all trains stop 
*｜- all trains pass
{{sticky-header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi"
! rowspan="2" class=unsortable | No.
! rowspan="2" class=unsortable | Station
! colspan="2" class=unsortable | Distance
! rowspan="2" class=unsortable | Elevation
! colspan="3" class=unsortable | Stops
! rowspan="2" class=unsortable | Transfers
! rowspan="2" class=unsortable | Location
|-
! class=unsortable | Between<br />stations
! class=unsortable | Total
! class=unsortable | Limited<br />express
! class=unsortable | Local
! class=unsortable | Local
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|47|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Odawara Station|Odawara]]
| align=right | 0
| align=right | 0
| align=right | {{convert|26|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#9FF" | ●
| align=center style="background:#60B0FF" | ●
| rowspan="4" | &nbsp;
|{{Plainlist|
*[[File:Odakyu odawara.svg|18px|class=skin-invert]] [[Odakyū Odawara Line]] (through service)
* {{JRLS|JT}} [[Tōkaidō Line]] (JT16)
* [[File:Shinkansen_jrc.svg|17x17px]] [[Tokaido Shinkansen]]
* [[File:Number_prefix_Daiyuzan.png|17x17px]] [[Izu-Hakone Railway Daiyūzan Line]] (ID01)
}}
| rowspan="4" | [[Odawara, Kanagawa|Odawara]]
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|48|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Hakone-Itabashi Station|Hakone-Itabashi]]
| align=right | {{convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|27|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#9FF" | <nowiki>|</nowiki>
| align=center style="background:#60B0FF" | ●
|
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|49|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Kazamatsuri Station|Kazamatsuri]]
| align=right | {{convert|1.5|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|3.2|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|48|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#9FF" | <nowiki>|</nowiki>
| align=center style="background:#60B0FF" | ●
|
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|50|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Iriuda Station|Iriuda]]
| align=right | {{convert|1.0|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|4.2|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|66|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#9FF" | <nowiki>|</nowiki>
| align=center style="background:#60B0FF" | ●
|
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|51|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Hakone-Yumoto Station|Hakone-Yumoto]]
| align=right | {{convert|1.9|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|6.1|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|108|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#9FF" | ●
| align=center style="background:#60B0FF" | ●
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | ●
|
| rowspan="10" | [[Hakone, Kanagawa|Hakone]],<br />[[Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa|Ashigarashimo<br />District]]
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|52|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Tōnosawa Station|Tōnosawa]]
| align=right | {{convert|1.0|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|7.1|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|165|m|abbr=on}}
| rowspan="9" | &nbsp;
| rowspan="9" | &nbsp;
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | ●
|
|-
| {{n/a|–}}
| ''Deyama switchback''
| align=right | {{convert|1.2|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|8.3|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|234|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | <nowiki>|</nowiki>
|
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|53|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Ōhiradai Station|Ōhiradai]]
| align=right | {{convert|1.6|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|9.9|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|349|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | ●
|
|-
| {{n/a|–}}
| ''Kami-Ōhiradai switchback''
| align=right | {{convert|0.5|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|10.4|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|359|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | <nowiki>|</nowiki>
|
|-
| {{n/a|–}}
| ''Sennindai signal stop''
| align=right | {{convert|0.8|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|11.2|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|410|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | <nowiki>|</nowiki>
|
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|54|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Miyanoshita Station|Miyanoshita]]
| align=right | {{convert|0.9|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|12.1|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|448|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | ●
|
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|55|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Kowakidani Station|Kowakidani]]
| align=right | {{convert|1.3|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|13.4|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|535|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | ●
|
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|56|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Chōkoku-no-Mori Station|Chōkoku-no-Mori]]
| align=right | {{convert|0.9|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|14.3|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|551|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | ●
|
|-
| {{ODSN|OH|57|size=35|ns=H}}
| [[Gōra Station|Gōra]]
| align=right | {{convert|0.7|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|15.0|km|abbr=on}}
| align=right | {{convert|553|m|abbr=on}}
| align=center style="background:#E97500" | ●
| {{ODLS|OH|ns=H}} [[Hakone Tozan Cable Car]]
|}

===Signal stops===
There are three signal stops on the Hakone Tozan Line in addition to the regular passenger stations. All of them have a [[passing loop]] and two of them have switchbacks.

====Deyama switchback====
Signal stop with a switchback. Located at {{convert|234|m}} [[above mean sea level]] (AMSL). Coordinates: 
{{coord|35.232402|139.087167|format=dms|display=inline|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000}}

====Kami-Ōhiradai switchback====
Signal stop with a switchback near Ōhiradai station which also has a switchback. Located at {{convert|359|m}} AMSL. Coordinates: 
{{coord|35.235604|139.075444|format=dms|display=inline|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000}}

====Sennindai signal stop====
Signal stop without a switchback. Located at {{convert|410|m}} AMSL. Coordinates: 
{{coord|35.238215|139.069042|format=dms|display=inline|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000}}

<gallery>
File:Hakone-Tozan-Deyama-Signal-Sta-1.jpg|Deyama switchback
File:Hakone-Tozan-Kami-ohiradai-Signal-Sta.jpg|Kami-Ōhiradai switchback
File:Hakone-Tozan-Sennindai-Signal-Sta.jpg|Sennindai signal stop
</gallery>

==Rolling stock==

===Hakone Tozan Railway (Hakone-Yumoto - Gōra)===
[[File:Tozan cMgc1.jpg|thumb|MoNi 1 car at Gōra station in January 2010.]]
* MoHa 1 (formerly ChiKi 1, since 1919)
* MoHa 2 (formerly ChiKi 2, since 1927)
* 1000 series ("Bernina", named after the [[RhB|Rhätische Bahn]] [[Bernina Railway|railway of the same name]] in Switzerland)
* 2000 series ("St. Moritz", after the [[St. Moritz|Swiss resort town]] and [[St. Moritz railway station|Bernina Railway terminus]])
* [[Hakone Tozan 3000 series|3000 series]] (since November 2014)<ref name="railfan20130606">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2013/06/06/120000.html|script-title=ja:箱根登山鉄道3000形を導入|trans-title=Hakone Tozan Railway to introduce 3000 series|date= 6 June 2013|work= [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203731/http://railf.jp/news/2013/06/06/120000.html|archive-date= 4 March 2016|url-status=live|access-date= 6 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[Hakone Tozan 3100 series|3100 series]] two-car EMU (since May 2017)<ref name="railfan20161206">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2016/12/06/180000.html|script-title=ja:箱根登山鉄道，3100形を導入|trans-title=Hakone Tozan Railway to introduce 3100 series|date= 6 December 2016|work= [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161206113915/http://railf.jp/news/2016/12/06/180000.html|archive-date= 6 December 2016|url-status=live|access-date= 6 December 2016}}</ref>
* MoNi 1 (non-revenue car, since 1975)

All trains are based at Iriuda Depot.

==== Planned ====

* [[Odakyu Hakone 4000 series|4000 series]] three-car EMU (planned for 2028)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-23 |title= |script-title=ja:これが新たな「登山電車」!? 100歳越え電車の後継、2028年度デビュー 座席もいろいろ！ 小田急箱根 |trans-title=Is this the new "mountain climbing train"?! Odakyu Hakone announces successor to the 100-year-old train will debut in 2028 with a variety of seats! |url=https://trafficnews.jp/post/619162 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Traffic News |publisher=Mediavague |language=ja |publication-place=Japan}}</ref>

====Former====
[[File:Tozan-cMfc1.jpg|thumb|Yu 1 goods wagon at Gōra station in 1992.]]
* MoHa 3 (withdrawn in 1997)
* Mu 1 ([[goods wagon]], withdrawn in 1952/1992)
* Yu 1 (goods wagon, withdrawn in 1976)

===Odakyu Electric Railway (Shinjuku - Odawara - Hakone-Yumoto)===

====Romancecar EMUs====
* [[Odakyu 7000 series LSE]]
* [[Odakyu 10000 series HiSE]]
* [[Odakyu 20000 series RSE]]
* [[Odakyu 30000 series EXE]]
* [[Odakyu 50000 series VSE]]
* [[Odakyu 60000 series MSE]] (also from Kita-Senju)

====Commuter EMUs====
* [[Odakyu 1000 series]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-20 |title=地下鉄に乗り入れなくなった関東大手私鉄車両 想定しながら乗り入れてない車両まで6選 |trans-title=6 major private railway vehicles in Kanto that can no longer enter the subway |url=https://trafficnews.jp/post/105276 |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Traffic News |page=1 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[Odakyu 5000 series (disambiguation)|Odakyu 5000 series]]
* [[Odakyu 8000 series]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hakone Tozan Railway}}
* [http://www.hakone-tozan.co.jp/en Hakone Tozan Railway Official Site]
* [http://www.hakonenavi.jp/english/index.html Hakone Navi] (Odakyu official sightseeing guide, in English)

{{HakoneFujiIzuTransit}}
{{Odakyu transit}}

[[Category:Lines of Hakone Tozan Railway]]
[[Category:Transport in Odawara]]
[[Category:Transport in Hakone]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1919]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:750 V DC railway electrification]]
[[Category:Railways with Zig Zags]]