View source for Hahamog'na

{{Short description|Tribe of the Tongva people}}
{{For|the local Tongva settlements of the same name|Hahamongna, California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2024}}

The '''Hahamog'na''', commonly anglicized to '''Hahamongna''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|ˈ|h|ɑː|m|ə|ŋ|ɡ|ə}}) and spelled '''Xaxaamonga''' in their native language, are a tribe of the [[Tongva people]] of California. Their [[Tongva language|language]] belongs to the [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] family.

==History==
The Hahamogna inhabited the [[Verdugo Mountains]] foothills and [[San Rafael Hills]]; the [[Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)|Arroyo Seco]] in the westernmost [[San Gabriel Valley]] area around present day [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]] and [[Altadena, California|Altadena]]; and the easternmost [[San Fernando Valley]] area north of the [[Los Angeles River]] around present day [[Glendale, California|Glendale]]; all in [[Los Angeles County, California]].

Two settlements named [[Hahamongna, California]] have been located. The Hahamogna band have also been called '''Pascual''' and '''Pascualite Indians''', after which the 1843 [[Ranchos of California|Mexican land grant]] [[Rancho San Pascual]], that included their part of the Arroyo Seco, was named.

Most correctly Hahamog'na is the name of this tribe's chief, and the tribe's name and the place in which they live also take this name. Other derivatives have been shown in an adjectival style thus referring to them as the "Hahamovic Indians."{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

Hahamog'na was met by [[Gaspar de Portolà]] of the overland Mexican Expedition in 1770. The Spanish began a proselytizing campaign of religious conversion and servitude, the [[Reductions|Indian Reductions]].

Upon his conversion, Hahamog-na was given the Christian name "Pascual" and his tribe became known as the Pascualite Indians, in the Indian Reductions of [[Mission Indians]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} This name preceded the naming of Rancho San Pascual, part of present-day Pasadena, [[San Marino, California|San Marino]], and [[South Pasadena, California|South Pasadena]]. The name Hahamongna is now applied to Hahamongna Watershed Park, an archeological site of one of the Hahamongna, California settlements, a recreational area, and an open space nature preserve-park in the upper Arroyo Seco in Pasadena.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lamountains.com/parks.asp?parkid=643|title=Parks {{!}} LAMountains.com|website=www.lamountains.com|access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref>

==Other Tongva tribes==

Other family groups of the Tongva could be found elsewhere in the San Gabriel Valley and San Fernando Valley. With the founding of [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]] in 1771 and [[Mission San Fernando Rey de España]] in 1797, these Tongva groups gathered at the missions and were taught European skills of farming, raising cattle and producing leather, tallow, and soap. Once converted to Christianity, the neophytes were generally not permitted to return to village life. Collectively these groups were referred to as Gabrieleños and Fernandeños by the Spanish.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Other Tongva names that are recognizable about the Southland: Cahueg-na (Cahuenga), Topag-na (Topanga), and Azuksag-na (Azusa).{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

*[[:Category:Tongva populated places|Tongva populated places]]

==See also==
*[[Tongva people|Tongva]]
**[[Tongva language]]
**[[Hahamongna, California]]
*[[Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)]]
*[[California mission clash of cultures]]
**[[Spanish missions in California]]
**[[Ranchos of California]]
**[[List of Ranchos of California]]

==References==
===Sources===
*Dr. Hiram Reid, '''''Pasadena''''' 1895, out of print (google books).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRU1AQAAMAAJ|title=History of Pasadena: Comprising an Account of the Native Indian, the Early Spanish, the Mexican, the American, the Colony, and the Incorporated City, Occupancies of the Rancho San Pasqual, and Its Adjacent Mountains, Canyons, Waterfalls and Other Objects of ... Interest: Being a Complete and Comprehensive Histo-cyclopedia of All Matters Pertaining to this Region|last=Reid|first=Hiram Alvin|date=1895-01-01|publisher=Pasadena History Company|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Southwest Museum]], Braun Research Library, ''Los Angeles''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://theautry.org/research/braun-research-library |title=Braun Research Library |access-date=September 2, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720190418/http://theautry.org/research/braun-research-library |archive-date=July 20, 2010 }}</ref>

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.lamountains.com/parks.asp?parkid=643  official '''Hahamongna Watershed Park''' website]
*[http://www.lamountains.com/maps/hahamongna-LowerArroyoSeco_.gif  Hahamongna  locator Map]
*[http://www.savehahamongna.org/ Save Hahamongna.org website] - ''ongoing open space and historic sites protection, and [[riparian zone restoration]] projects.''
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{{Populations of Native California Groups}}
{{Pasadena}}
{{California history}}

[[Category:Tongva]]
[[Category:Tongva populated places]]
[[Category:Former Native American populated places in California]]
[[Category:Mission Indians]]
[[Category:History of Pasadena, California]]
[[Category:Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)]]
[[Category:San Gabriel Valley]]
[[Category:Altadena, California]]
[[Category:History of the San Fernando Valley]]
[[Category:People from Los Angeles County, California]]
[[Category:People from Pasadena, California]]
[[Category:Uto-Aztecan peoples]]