View source for HSwMS Gustaf V

{{Short description|Swedish Sverige-class coastal defence ship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
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|Ship image=HMS Gustav V.jpg
|Ship caption=HSwMS ''Gustaf V''
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{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=Sweden
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Sweden|naval}}
|Ship name=HSwMS ''Gustaf V''
|Ship namesake=[[Gustaf V|Gustaf V of Sweden]]
|Ship ordered=
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|Ship builder=[[Kockums|Kockums Mekaniska Verkstad]], [[Malmö]]
|Ship original cost=
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|Ship laid down=Spring 1915
|Ship launched=15 September 1917
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|Ship completed=
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|Ship commissioned=12 December 1922
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=22 March 1957
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|Ship fate=[[ship breaking|Scrapped]], 1970
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{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass|Sverige|coastal defence ship}}
|Ship displacement=* 6,842 t standard;
* 7,663 t full load
|Ship length=* {{convert|120.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[waterline]])
* {{convert|121.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[o/a]])
|Ship beam={{convert|18.63|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|6.25|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=2 shafts; 2 geared [[steam turbine]]s;
|Ship speed={{convert|23.2|kn}}
|Ship range={{convert|3280|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn}}
|Ship power=* {{convert|22,000|shp|kW|abbr=on|lk=in}}
* 12 [[Yarrow boiler]]s
|Ship crew=427
|Ship armament=* 4 × [[Bofors 283 mm gun]] M/1912 (2×2)
* 8 × 152&nbsp;mm/50 cal. Bofors QF M/1912 (1×2, 6×1)
* 4 × 75&nbsp;mm/53 cal. Bofors QF M/1912 (4×1)
* 2 × 75&nbsp;mm/53 cal. Bofors AA M/1915 (2×1)
* 2 × 57&nbsp;mm/21.3 cal. Bofors M/1916 (2×1)
* 2 × 6.5&nbsp;mm/92.3 cal. MG M/1914 (2×1)
* 2 × 45&nbsp;cm torpedo tubes M/1914 (2×1)
*WWII:
* 4 × [[Bofors 283 mm gun]] M/1912 (2×2)
* 6 × 152&nbsp;mm/50 cal. Bofors QF M/1912 (6×1)
* 4 × 75&nbsp;mm/60 cal. Bofors AA M/1928 (2×2)
* 6 × 40&nbsp;mm/56 cal. Bofors AA M/1936 (3×2)
* 4 × 25&nbsp;mm/58 cal. Bofors AA M/1932 (2×2)
* 3 × 20&nbsp;mm/66 cal. Bofors AA M/1940 (3×1)
* 4 × 8&nbsp;mm/75.8 cal. AA MG M/1936 (2×2)
|Ship armour=* Belt {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}
* Turrets {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}
* Citadel {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}
* Deck {{convert|18|-|28|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''HSwMS ''Gustaf V''''',{{efn|name=HSwMS}} in Swedish '''HM Pansarskepp Gustaf V''' (''His Majesty's Armoured Ship Gustaf V'') was a {{sclass|Sverige|coastal defence ship}} of the [[Swedish Navy]].<ref name=Eger/> The vessel was the third and last ship in the Sverige class along with {{HSwMS|Sverige}} and {{HSwMS|Drottning Victoria}}. ''Gustaf V'' was launched on 15 September 1917 at Kockums in [[Malmö]] and delivered to the Navy on 9 January 1922. The design consisted of four 28&nbsp;cm cannon and a secondary armament of eight 15.2&nbsp;cm cannon. During the [[interwar period]], the ship underwent several modernizations and was one of the most powerful vessels in the fleet during the Second World War. The ship was put in reserve in 1948, was decommissioned in 1957 and was later sold for scrapping in Karlskrona. However, the ship remained at Berga Academy of War as of 1968. Two of the ship's 15.2&nbsp;cm guns are preserved in the battery at {{interlanguage link multi|Häggmansberget|sv}} in the defensive Kalix Line, around [[Kalix]].

== Design ==
''Gustaf V'' was {{convert|121.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|18.63|m|ftin|abbr=on}} wide and had a depth of {{convert|6.25|m|ftin|abbr=on}} . The hull was made of [[Nitriding|nitrated steel]] in overlapping plates with an armored belt at the waterline and on the citadel. The prow was designed with a forward-sloping Atlantic bow which gave her the ability to act as an icebreaker. Unlike her sister ship HSwMS ''Sverige'', ''Gustaf V'' was not designed as a flagship but instead received two bunks for 22 cadets and engineers.

===Machinery===
The machinery consisted of twelve coal-fired boilers that delivered steam to two steam turbines. The boilers were placed in two groups of six, which necessitated two funnels. The boilers delivered steam to two independent turbine assemblies with a high-pressure turbocharger and a low-pressure turbine. The turbine movement was transmitted to each propeller shaft via a 17.23: 1 gear ratio which allowed turbines to operate at a rotational speed of about 3,459 RPM and propellers at 200 RPM.<ref>{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=90}}</ref> This method gave the machinery better efficiency than HSwMS ''Sverige'', which did not have a reduction gear. This resulted in an increased power output by 20 percent. In addition, coal consumption decreased, which increased the ships range. ''Gustaf V''{{'}}s machinery developed 22,000 horsepower, which gave the vessel a speed of 23.2 knots.

===Armament===
[[File:Guns on Gustav V.jpg|left|thumb|Forward 28 cm and 15.2 cm cannon.]]
The main artillery on ''Gustaf V'' consisted of four [[Bofors 283 mm gun|28 cm M/12]] guns placed in two double turrets, one forward and one aft. The projectiles weighed {{convert|306|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} with a range of {{convert|19600|m|yd|abbr=on}}. The secondary artillery consisted of eight 15.2&nbsp;cm cannons. These were placed in six single turrets, three on each side of the superstructure, and a twin turret staggered above the front 28&nbsp;cm cannon. The light artillery consisted of four 75&nbsp;mm cannons and furthermore there were two 57&nbsp;mm cannons, two 6.5&nbsp;mm machine guns and two 45.7&nbsp;cm underwater torpedo tubes in the bow.

==History==
===Construction and delivery===
''Gustaf V'' was laid down in spring 1915 at Kockums in Malmö. With HSwMS ''Sverige'' already being launched the shipyard had access to the original drawings, which meant that the construction work started well. However, as the [[World War I|First World War]] progressed, it became increasingly difficult to obtain materials, especially those that had to be acquired outside the country. In particular armored plates ordered from the United States were delayed, which caused delays in construction.<ref>{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=128}}</ref>

On 31 January 1918, the ship was launched in the presence of Crown Prince [[Gustaf VI Adolf]].<ref name="Klart skepp 129">{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=129}}</ref> Before launching, there was anxiety that as the ship slipped into the water it would hit the opposite side of the harbor basin, as the distance to this was considered short and the ship's weight was so great. To prevent a collision with the basin edge heavy chains were attached to the ship which would help arrest its momentum and at the edge of the basin were laid wooden logs that would help dampen a possible collision. The launching proved successful when the chains effectively braked the ship before reaching the quayside.<ref name="Klart skepp 129"/>

During fitting out work after the launch, the problems with material procurement became even more pronounced. In addition, there was a strong labor shortage in 1917–1920 which forced the yards to request breaking the contract. Due to the belief in disarmament and peace after the First World War, there were also proposals to remove the armor and build HSwMS ''Gustaf V'' and HSwMS ''Drottning Victoria'' as passenger ships. Nothing came of this however and in the winter of 1921/1922 ''Gustaf V'' was ready to conduct [[sea trial]]s. During these trials it appeared that the new propeller machinery, with the reduction gear that some had doubted, worked satisfactorily.<ref name="Klart skepp 131">{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=131}}</ref>

The total cost of ''Gustaf V'' was 14,220,000 Swedish Krona. The sum is equal to today's monetary value (annual average 2016) of approximately 356,825,250 SEK or 44,022,000 USD.<ref>[http://www.sverigeisiffror.scb.se/hitta-statistik/sverige-i-siffror/prisomraknaren/ SCB: Prisomräknaren] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812064813/http://www.sverigeisiffror.scb.se/hitta-statistik/sverige-i-siffror/prisomraknaren/ |date=12 August 2017 }}, beräkning gjord 15 Januari 2017</ref> In addition to this appropriation, a sum of SEK 1,293,295 was received, which was awarded by an arbitration panel after it the shipyard requested extra money due to increased costs from procurement difficulties.

===Interwar===
[[File:HMS Gustav V after 1930.JPG|thumb|''Gustaf V'' in 1930 after refit and merged funnels.]]
After the First World War, Sweden's relationship with her newly independent neighbors, Finland and the three Baltic States, had become increasingly busier, and in order to show the Swedish Government's goodwill during the early 1920s several official exercises were conducted in these countries. On 5 July 1924, ''Gustaf V'' joined together with HSwMS ''Drottning Victoria'' and four [[minelayer]]s on a transit to [[Tallinn]], and then together with the entire Swedish [[Coastal Fleet]], a total of 36 ships, to [[Helsinki]]. In the summer of 1926, ''Gustaf V'' and HSwMS ''Sverige'' visited [[Copenhagen]] in connection with exercises in the southern Baltic{{cn|date=February 2025}}.

In 1927–1930 ''Gustaf V'' underwent her first major modernization. The forward mast was converted into a [[tripod mast]] in which a lookout post and a rangefinder were placed. The mast height was reduced, the ventilation system improved, and the old torpedo rooms were converted to artillery control centers. In addition, a new deckhouse was built on the superstructure in the stern for accommodations and fittings and an expanded bridge for the Chief of the Navy were built. Furthermore, an anti-aircraft control center was built, and the two forward funnels were combined.<ref>{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=282}}</ref>

Due to the death of [[Victoria of Baden]], the Swedish Queen, in the spring of 1930, ''Gustaf V'' went with HSwMS ''Drottning Victoria'' and the destroyers {{HSwMS|Ehrensköld|11|6}} and {{HSwMS|Nordenskjöld|12|6}} to the then German city of [[Świnoujście|Swinemünde]], arriving on 9 April.<ref>{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=228}}</ref> After the Queen's remains was carried onto HSwMS ''Drottning Victoria'' the ships returned to Stockholm, where the Queen's remains were landed by the royal barge {{ill|Vasaorden (royal barge)|sv|Vasaorden (kungaslup)|lt=''Vasaorden''}}.{{sfn |SDÅ|1931|p=66}}

On 4 April 1933, ''Gustaf V'' ran aground off [[Malmö]].<ref name=Times060433a>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Swedish battleship still aground |date=6 April 1933 |page=13 |issue=46412 |column=E }}</ref> She was refloated on 6 April 1933.<ref name=Times070433a>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Casualty reports |date=7 April 1933 |page=22 |issue=46413 |column=E }}</ref>

In the years 1936–1938 a modernization was carried out when six of the coal boilers were replaced with two oil fired boilers, with some of the coal storage converted to oil tanks. In addition, the ammunition stores for the main and secondary artillery were built-up, and the 15.2&nbsp;cm double turret above the bow 28&nbsp;cm turret was replaced with four [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40 mm Bofors]]. In addition, the 90&nbsp;cm searchlights were replaced with 110&nbsp;cm searchlights.<ref>{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=283}}</ref>

On 9 March 1939, a large air defense exercise was carried out in Karlskrona. During a flight landing in the dark, an aircraft collided with ''Gustaf V''{{'}}s combat mast, killing two people from the airplane's crew.<ref>{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=242}}</ref>

===Second World War===
At the outbreak of World War II, ''Gustaf V'' was the flagship of the Coastal Fleet. On the night of 17 July 1940 during an exercise west of Gotland one of the boilers exploded. Eight people in the boiler room were killed instantly, and two people who were on the deck near one of the air intakes were badly injured. These two were taken by a minelayer to [[Visby]] Hospital, where they later died.<ref>{{Harvnb|Insulander|Ohlsson|2001|p=218}}</ref> ''Gustaf V'' then went to the mainland, and at [[Hårsfjärden]] the commanding admiral and his staff moved to HSwMS ''Sverige'', which then served as flagship during the remainder of the war. After the explosion ''Gustaf V'' was taken to Stockholm's naval yards for repair. After one month the ship was able to return to service.<ref>{{Harvnb|Steckzén|1949|p=250}}</ref>

After the Second World War, ''Gustaf V'' participated in a ceremony in Stockholm when King Gustaf V thanked the Navy for their vigilant guard during the war years. The ship then returned to Karlskrona, where the ship was modernized with the installation of a new radar facility. When HSwMS ''Sverige'' was taken out of active service with the Coastal Fleet in 1947, ''Gustaf V'' took over the role of the Swedish flagship once again.

==Disposal==
[[File:Kamlunge Bofors 15.2 cm m-12 battery.jpg|thumb|One of the 15.2 cm guns of ''Gustaf V'' in 2010]]
''Gustaf V'' was released from the fleet on 1 April 1957. She was supposed to be released to Karlskrona, however she lay at [[Berga Naval Base]], south of Stockholm through the year 1967. While there she was used as a mooring point for destroyers and smaller ships. Two of the ship's 15.2&nbsp;cm cannons were moved after the erection of the Kalix Line in [[Norrbotten]], where they were used as fortified cannons at Häggmansberget.<ref>{{Harvnb|Braunstein|2008|p=69}}</ref>

In 1970 she was sold for scrapping in Gothenburg.

==Captains==
*1923–1924 – Daniel Tiselius
*1926–1927 – Nils Åkerblom
*1932–1935 – Lave Beck-Friis
*1944–1945 – Henning Hammargren

== Notes ==

{{Notelist
| notes =

{{efn
| name = HSwMS
| "HSwMS" stands for "His Swedish Majesty's Ship", this prefix is sometimes used by Swedish ships outside of Sweden's territorial waters to differentiate them from ships of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. In Swedish territorial waters the prefix "HMS" is used, standing for ''"Hans Majestäts Skepp"'', or "His Majesty's Ship" in Swedish.
}}

}}

== References ==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Eger>{{cite web |url=http://laststandonzombieisland.com/tag/hms-gustav-v/ |title=Warship Wednesday, April 10 The Last Swedish Parsnip! |first=Christopher |last=Eger |date=10 April 2013 |work=Last Stand on Zombie Island |access-date=9 January 2016}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Well, it's just some guy's blog (zombie island, indeed!). OTOH, looks like he knows what he's talking about. |date=January 2016}} 
}}

===Print===
* {{cite journal |last=Braunstein |first=Christian |editor-first=Sven-Åke |editor-last=Haglund |title=Fråga Braunstein |trans-title=Ask Braunstein |year=2008 |journal=Insats & Försvar |publisher=Försvarsmakten |number=4 |issn=1652-3571 |id={{LIBRIS|9415827}} }}
* {{cite book|title=Warship 1992|editor=Gardiner, Robert|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=London|year=1992|isbn=0-85177-603-5|chapter=The ''Sverige'' Class Coastal Defense Ships|pages=80–98|last=Harris|first=Daniel G.}}
* {{cite book |last1=Insulander |first1=Per |last2=Ohlsson |first2=Curt S. |title=Pansarskepp: [från John Ericsson till Gustaf V] |series=Forum navales skriftserie, 1650-1837; 2 |year=2001 |publisher=Marinlitteratur |location=Falkenberg |language=sv |isbn=91-973187-2-8 |id={{LIBRIS|8384020}} }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Steckzén |editor-first=Birger |title=Klart skepp: en bok om Sverigeskeppen Sverige, Gustaf V, Drottning Victoria |year=1949 |publisher=Norstedt |location=Stockholm |language=sv |id={{LIBRIS|1417624}} }}
* {{cite book|last=Sundberg|first=Ulf|year=2018|chapter=The Armoured Ship ''Sverige'' (1915)|editor-first=Bruce|editor-last=Taylor|title=The World of the Battleship: The Lives and Careers of Twenty-One Capital Ships of the World's Navies, 1880–1990|location=Barnsley|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|isbn=978-0-87021-906-1|pages=290–307}}
* {{cite book |title=Svenska Dagbladets Årsbok. ÅTTONDE ÅRGÅNGEN (Händelserna 1930) |trans-title=Svenska Dagbladet's Yearbook EIGHT VOLUME (Events of 1930) |year=1931 |publisher=Svenska Dagbladet |location=Stockholm |language=sv |url=https://runeberg.org/svda/1930/0066.html |ref={{harvid|SDÅ|1931}}}}
*{{cite book | last=Westerlund | first=Karl-Eric | chapter=Sweden | pages=355–363 | editor1-last=Gray | editor1-first=Randal | title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 | publisher=Conway Maritime Press | location=London | year=1985 | isbn=978-0-85177-245-5}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline|HMS Gustaf V (ship, 1918)}}
*{{YouTube|sUnmrbxvnWE|Battery Häggmansberget}}

{{Sverige class battleship}}
{{1933 shipwrecks}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gustaf V}}
[[Category:Sverige-class coastal defence ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Malmö]]
[[Category:1918 ships]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1933]]