View source for HN-5

{{short description|Portable air-defense system}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|name=HN-5
|image= MANPADS HN-5A(M) of Thailand.jpg
|caption= HN-5A(M) of Thailand
|origin= China
|type=[[Man-portable air-defense systems|MANPADS]]
|used_by=See ''[[#Operators|Operators]]''
|unit_cost=
|propellant=solid fuel
|production_date=since mid-1970s
|service=late 1970s – present (reserve only)
|engine=[[rocket]] motor
|engine_power=
|weight=10.2 kg
|length=1.46 meter
|height=
|diameter=72 mm
|wingspan=
|speed=500 m/s
|vehicle_range=0.8 – 4.4 km
|ceiling=2.5 km
|altitude=50 meter
|filling=0.5 kg warhead
|guidance=[[Infrared homing|IR]]
|detonation=impact
|launch_platform=Air (retired) & surface
}}

The '''HN-5''' ({{lang-zh|s=红缨-5|t=红纓-5|p=Hóng Yīng-5|l=Red Tassel-5}}; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''CH-SA-3'''<ref name="IISS_2023">{{Cite book|work=The International Institute for Strategic Studies|title=The Military Balance 2023|date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |chapter=6 Asia }}</ref>) is a family of first generation Chinese man-portable air-defense systems ([[MANPAD]]) based on Soviet technology. The HN abbreviation is used to avoid confusion with the HY ('''H'''ai '''Y'''ing, or Sea Eagle) series [[anti-ship missile]]s of the [[Silkworm missile]] family.  The HN-5 series in Chinese hands has been phased out in front-line and first line reserve units by [[QW-1 Vanguard|QW series MANPAD]], but still being used by militia units.

== Development ==
The HN-5 is a [[reverse-engineered]] version of the Soviet [[Strela 2]] (SA-7).<ref name="Survey">{{cite web|title=Multiplying the Sources: Licensed and Unlicensed Military Production|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2007/en/full/Small-Arms-Survey-2007-Chapter-01-O-EN.pdf|location=Geneva
|publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]]|date=2007|access-date=21 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223193229/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2007/en/full/Small-Arms-Survey-2007-Chapter-01-O-EN.pdf|archive-date=23 December 2016}}</ref> Due to the urgent need for [[MANPAD]]s, North Vietnam provided China with an original sample during the [[Vietnam War]] and asked China to produce and supply NVA with copies.  However, due to the political turmoil in China, namely, the [[Cultural Revolution]], the reverse-engineering process was slow and by the time the first small production batch was sent to Vietnam for evaluation, the results were ineffective because American aircraft has already adopted [[Infrared countermeasures|IRCM]] to successfully counter HN-5 and its Soviet counterpart the Strela 2.  The dimensions and performance of HN-5 is extremely similar to that of Strela 2.

== Variants ==

{{more citations needed section|date=February 2021}}

===HN-5A===
As the result of unsatisfactory performance of the original HN-5, China immediately begun to improve the missile and North Vietnam once again provided China with the original Soviet sample during the Vietnam War, this time the Strela 2M.  However, when the Chinese finally completed its improvement, it was already too late to see action, because the Vietnam War was over and the relationship between the two countries had soured.
*Length: 1.46 m
*Weight: 10.2&nbsp;kg
*System weight: 16.5&nbsp;kg
*Missile diameter: 72&nbsp;mm
*Warhead: 0.5&nbsp;kg
*Fuse: impact
*Speed: 500&nbsp;m/s
*Range: 800 m – 4.4&nbsp;km
*Altitude: 50 m – 2.5&nbsp;km

===HN-5B===
Developed by China based on the Soviet [[9K34 Strela-3]]. Although the missile had entered service with the Chinese army in the mid-1980s, it was not until 1990 when it was first publicly revealed in China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp |title=Archived copy |website=www.sinodefence.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201094551/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp |archive-date=1 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>  According to many domestic Chinese media sources and some sources outside China, Chinese obtained the Soviet samples via [[Zaire]] from [[UNITA]] captured 9K34 Strela-3 from Angola governmental forces, the exact the same way China obtained the [[9K38 Igla#Igla-1|9K310 Igla-1]] a short time later.  The missile entered in service with the Pakistani army in January 1990.

====Foreign Variant====
Pakistan has produced a missile as the [[Anza (missile)|Anza Mk I]], based on tech from the HN-5B.<ref name="GSH">{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/hy-5.htm|title=HY-5 / HN-5 / HQ-5|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>

===HN-5C===
A vehicle-mounted version of HN-5B that first entered production in 1986, but was not revealed to the public in China until the early 1990s.  A total of eight missiles are configured into two groups of four missiles mounted on a 4x4 vehicle with an [[electro-optical]] [[fire control system]].  The size of the vehicle determined whether reloads could be used.  Although the missiles of the vehicle-mounted version can be used as MANPADs, they can not be used as such in the field, they need to be retrofitted first.

===HQ-5C===
HQ stands for '''H'''ong '''Q'''i, or Red Flag, the common Chinese designation for their [[surface-to-air missile]]s.  The missile was specifically developed in the 1980s for export, and it is an ''Westernized'' HN-5B by adopting western standards.  The reason was because despite its low price, when the Soviet style HN-5 had been exported to third world countries mainly armed with western weaponry, the compatibility issues and associated logistical problems increased the overall [[Whole-life cost|life cycle cost]] of the missile.<ref name="GSH"/>  To avert this, the missile is modified to be compatible with western standards.<ref name="GSH"/>

==Operators==
[[File:HN-5 Users.png|thumb|Map with HN-5 users in blue]]<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

*{{flag|Albania}}: 100 acquired in 1978.<ref name="BICC">{{cite report |author1=Dr. Michael Ashkenazi |author2=Princess Mawuena Amuzu |author3=Jan Grebe |author4=Christof Kögler |author5=Marc Kösling |date=February 2013 |title=brief 47: MANPADS A Terrorist Threat to Civilian Aviation? |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/160759/BICC_brief_47.pdf |publisher=Bonn International Center for Conversion |pages=132–152 |issn=0947-7322 |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
*{{flag|Bangladesh}}: 50 HN-5As acquired in 1991–1992, 21 HN-5JA1 acquired in 2001.<ref name="BICC" />
*{{flag|Bolivia}}: 30 HN-5As acquired in 1994.<ref name="BICC" />
*{{flag|Cambodia}}: 1,000 acquired in 1992.<ref name="BICC" />
*{{flag|China}}<ref name="RANDR">{{cite book |last1=Zeigler |first1=Sean M. |last2=Hou |first2=Alexander C. |last3=Martini |first3=Jeffrey |last4=Norton |first4=Daniel M. |last5=Phillips |first5=Brian |last6=Schwille |first6=Michael |last7=Strong |first7=Aaron |last8=Vest |first8=Nathan |year=2019 |title=Acquisition and use of MANPADS against commercial aviation: Risks, proliferation, mitigation, and cost of an attack |url=https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR4300/RR4304/RAND_RR4304.pdf |publisher=RAND Corporation |location=Santa Monica, CA |isbn=978-1-9774-0418-3}}</ref>
*{{flag|Ecuador}}: 72 HN-5As acquired in 1995.<ref name="BICC" />
*{{flag|Iran}}: 500 acquired from 1986 to 1988.<ref name="BICC" />
*{{flag|Iraq}}<ref name="RANDR" />
*{{flag|Myanmar}}: 200 HN-5As acquired in 1992.<ref name="BICC" />
*{{flag|North Korea}}: 600 acquired unknown number from 1983 to 1994.<ref name="BICC" />
*{{flag|Pakistan}}: 100 acquired by 1987. An additional 1,000 produced as [[Anza (missile)|Anza Mk-I]] from 1989 to 1998.<ref>{{cite web|author=SIPRI Arms Transfers Database|title=Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons|access-date=2024-04-16|url=https://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers}}</ref><ref name="BICC" />
*{{flag|Thailand}}: 1,150 acquired from 1987 to 1988.<ref name="BICC" />

===Non-state actors===
* [[United Wa State Army]]<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210215023458/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/united-wa-state-army-military-parade-showcases-ongoing-modernisation|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/united-wa-state-army-military-parade-showcases-ongoing-modernisation|title=United Wa State Army military parade showcases ongoing modernisation|date=2019-04-23|accessdate=2021-02-15|archivedate=15 February 2021|publisher=Janes|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Afghan Mujahideen]]

==See also==
* [[Anza (missile)|Anza]]
* [[Misagh-2]]
* [[Qaem#Qaem ground to air missile|Qaem]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chinese Missiles}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hn-5}}
[[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of China]]
[[Category:Cold War weapons of China]]
[[Category:Guided missiles of China]]
[[Category:Weapons of China]]
[[Category:China–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of Iran]]