View source for HMS Pomone (1805)

{{short description|Frigate of the Royal Navy}}
{{Other ships|HMS Pomone}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Pomone (retouched).jpg
|Ship caption=HMS ''Pomone'', from a colour lithograph by [[Thomas Goldsworthy Dutton|T. G. Dutton]], after a painting by G.F. St.John
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=''Pomone''
|Ship ordered=25 November 1802
|Ship builder=[[Shipbuilding in Frindsbury, Kent|Josiah and Thomas Brindley]], [[Frindsbury]]
|Ship laid down=December 1803
|Ship launched=17 January 1805
|Ship completed=29 March 1805 at [[Chatham Dockyard]]
|Ship commissioned=February 1805
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honours=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Wrecked 14 October 1811
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption={{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=165}} 
|Ship class=38-gun {{sclass|Leda|frigate}}
|Ship tons burthen=1,076 tons ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|Ship length=*{{convert|150|ft|1+1/2|in|m|abbr=on}} (gundeck)
*{{convert|125|ft|4+7/8|in|m|abbr=on}} (keel)
|Ship beam={{convert|39|ft|11|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught=
|Ship hold depth={{convert|12|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship sail plan=[[Full-rigged ship]]
|Ship complement=284, later 300, then 330
|Ship armament=*Upper deck: 28 × 18-pounder guns
*[[Quarterdeck|QD]]: 8 × 9-pounder guns + 14 × 32-pounder [[carronade]]s
*[[Forecastle|Fc]]: 2 × 9-pounder guns + 2 × 32-pounder carronades
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''HMS ''Pomone''''' was a 38-gun ''Leda''-class [[fifth rate]] of the [[Royal Navy]] launched in 1805. She saw action during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], primarily in the Mediterranean while under the command of Captain [[Robert Barrie]]. She was wrecked off [[The Needles]], part of the [[Isle of Wight]], in 1811. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by [[Historic England]].<ref>{{NHLE|num=1000087}}</ref>

==Service==
''Pomone'' was commissioned in February 1805 under Captain William Lobb for Channel Service.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=165}} Under his command she took a smuggler and two [[privateer]]s, of which only the first privateer is reported to have put up enough resistance to sustain casualties. On 6 May ''Pomone'' captured the smuggling vessel ''Fortune''.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15920|page=622|date=17 May 1806}}</ref> On 5 November 1805, ''Pomone'' captured the Spanish privateer ''Golondrina'', a lugger of four guns and with a crew of 29 men, on the coast of Spain. She had been out six weeks and had not made any captures. Before she surrendered she suffered two men wounded; ''Pomone'' had no casualties. Lobb set fire to ''Golondrina''.<ref name=LG15874>{{London Gazette|issue=15874|pages=1598–1599|date=21 December 1805}}</ref>

===1806===
Then in the new year, on 25 January 1806, ''Pomone''{{'}}s boats captured the Spanish privateer [[lugger]] ''Bengador'', off Lisbon. She had one gun and a crew of 28 men. She was six weeks out of [[Bayonne]] and had taken one prize, ''Maid of the Mill'', William Dearing ([[Master (maritime usage)|master]]), which had been on a voyage from Newfoundland to Lisbon. ''Pomone'' retook her prize, which Lobb sent on to Lisbon. He then destroyed the privateer.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15894|page=262|date=25 February 1806}}</ref> {{HMS|Avon|1805|2}} shared in the recapture of ''Maid of the Mill''.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15945|page=1069|date=12 August 1806}}</ref> Captain Sir [[Robert Barrie]] took command in May 1806.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=165}}

[[File:Sir Robert Barrie.jpg|left|upright=0.75|thumb|Robert Barrie, c.1825]]

===1807===
In 1807, ''Pomone'' operated in the [[English Channel|Channel]]. On 20 February 1807 ''Pomone'' was in company with {{HMS|Penelope|1799|6}} when she captured ''San Josef y Animas''.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16104|page=13|date=29 December 1807}}</ref>

Between 21 April and 7 June, ''Pomone'' captured or destroyed 21 French vessels. In particular, on 7 May, boats from ''Pomone'' and {{HMS|Hazard|1794|2}} cut out four luggers from the harbour of Oyle, [[Île de Ré]]. All were on their way from [[Bordeaux]] to [[Brest, France|Brest]]. Although enemy fire after the capture sank the lugger laden with canvas, the three laden with wine and brandy remained in British hands, at least until the British destroyed them. Barrie only recorded the name of one, ''Marie''.<ref name=LG16040>{{London Gazette|issue=16040|pages=838–839|date=20 June 1807}}</ref>

On 5 June, ''Pomone'' saw three armed [[brig]]s near the [[Île d'Yeu]].{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=165}} The British squadron was too far away to notify, so Barrie decided to try to prevent them from reaching the [[Les Sables-d'Olonne]].<ref name=LG16040/> As ''Pomone'' approached the brigs she observed that they were escorting a convoy. Two brigs ran on shore and ''Pomone{{'}}''s boats succeeded in capturing another whose crew had abandoned her. Barrie then sent his boats to the harbour of St Giles where he had observed a number of vessels sitting becalmed.<ref name=LG16040/>

In all, ''Pomone'' and her boats succeeded in cutting out 14 vessels from the harbour – seven brigs, five sloops, a [[Dogger (boat)|dogger]] and a [[chasse-maree]] laden with wheat, flour and provisions.<ref name=LG16040/> In addition to the two brigs that ''Pomone'' had driven ashore she also drove a [[schooner]] on shore. The convoy had sailed from [[Nantes]], heading for [[Rochefort, Charente-Maritime|Rochefort]], but the prize crews took the vessels into [[Plymouth]].<ref name=LG16040/> The names of the prizes were later recorded as: ''Scevola'', ''Jean St. Andre'', ''Labourieux'', ''Hazard'', ''Marie'', ''Jeune Amitie'', ''Nymph'', ''Bonne Aienture'', ''Jean Margarette'', ''Seconde'', ''Marie Josephine'', and ''Utile''.<ref name=LG16141>{{London Gazette|issue=16141|page=608|date=30 April 1808}}</ref> Another of the vessels captured that day was ''Angelique''. By agreement, ''Pomone'' shared the prize money for her with a number of British warships.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16159|page=931|date=2 July 1808}}</ref>

On 27 September 1807 ''Pomone'' was in company with {{HMS|Révolutionnaire|1794|2}} when she captured the Danish ship ''Resolution''.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16680|page=2504|date=12 December 1812}}</ref>

===1808–1809===
On 27 March 1808 ''Pomone'' recaptured ''Susannah''.<ref name=LG16141/> Then on 27 July Barrie sailed ''Pomone'' for the Mediterranean.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=165}}

Almost a year later, on the morning of 13 June 1809, off [[Cape Bon]], she took the 3-gun Neapolitan privateer bombard ''Lucien Charles'' after a short chase.<ref name=LG16295/> ''Lucien Charles'' was a new vessel of about 60 tons, was armed with one 12 and two 6-pounder guns, and carried a crew of 53 men. She was 10 days out of [[Naples]], without having captured anything.<ref name=LG16295/> However, Barrie thought it providential that he had intercepted her as two valuable [[İzmir|Smyrna]] ships were in sight at the time.<ref name=LG16295/> Barrie was also surprised to discover that she was under the command of Chevalier Charles Lucien Prevost de Boissi, Adjutant-General de France, and Officer de la Légion d'honneur.{{sfnp|Marshall|1825|pages=721–727}} He therefore had his men search the privateer thoroughly but they found no documents that might explain the anomaly.<ref name=LG16295>{{London Gazette|issue=16295|pages=1438–1439|date=15 September 1809}}</ref>

Then on 21 October, ''Pomone'' and {{HMS|Alceste|1806|2}} were watching [[Toulon]] and spotted the French fleet putting to sea. Barrie immediately sailed to Cape St. Sebastian on the [[Catalonia|Catalan]] coast to notify Admiral Lord [[Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood|Collingwood]] in {{HMS|Ville de Paris||2}} that three French ships-of-the-line, two frigates and two smaller ships had separated from a convoy of about 20 sail.<ref name=LG16319>{{London Gazette|issue=16319|page=1901|date=20 November 1809}}</ref> On 23 October, Barrie, and Captain Charles Bullen in {{ship|French frigate|Volontaire|1796|2}} were able to signal the French squadron's position. That afternoon ''Pomone'' was able to burn two brigs, two bombards and a [[ketch]] belonging to the convoy before losing the enemy in the darkness.<ref name=LG16319/> Rear Admiral [[George Martin (Royal Navy officer)|George Martin]], with eight vessels, chased the French squadron under Rear Admiral [[Francois Andre Baudin]] with the result that two French [[ships of the line]], ''Lion'' and ''Robuste'' grounded near [[Frontignan]], where their crews burnt them.<ref>Clowes, et al. (1996–97), pp. 278–280.</ref>

===1810===
On 10 March 1810, {{HMS|Seahorse|1794|2}}, while in company with ''Pomone'' and {{HMS|Cephalus|1807|2}}, captured ''Bella Nina''. Then on 3 April ''Pomone'' captured ''Carducci''.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16558|page=28|date=4 January 1812}}</ref> The next day ''Seahorse'' captured ''Buona Sorte''. ''Cephalus'' and {{HMS|Volage|1807|2}} were in company, and ''Pomone'' shared with ''Seahorse'' by agreement.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16498|pages=1156–1157|date=22 June 1811}}</ref>

Between these two captures, on the last day of March, ''Pomone'' captured the French privateer ''Fortunee'', which carried 10 guns and 53 men.<ref name=LG16392/> On 11 May, ''Pomone'' captured the French [[xebec]] privateer ''Jupiter''. She was armed with eight guns and carried a crew of 68 men.<ref name=LG16392>{{London Gazette|issue=16392|page=1138|date=31 July 1809}}</ref>

===1811===
On 18 January 1811, ''Pomone'' captured the French privateer brig ''Dubourdieu'', out of [[Toulon]] with a crew of 93 men and an armament with fourteen 12-pounder guns.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16474|page=672|date=9 April 1809}}</ref>

At daybreak on 13 March, ''Pomone'' was about {{convert|7|league|lk=in}} west of the [[Maddalena Archipelago]] between Corsica and Sardinia, when she sighted a brig to the east.<ref name=LG16502/> Barrie gave chase but the winds were weak and by the following morning saw that during the night the enemy vessel had pulled much farther away. He continued the chase until about midday when the vessel entered a small cove on the north side of [[Montecristo]], which is about {{convert|30|mi}} south of [[Elba]].<ref name=LG16502/> When ''Pomone'' finally approached at about 4 o'clock, the brig's crew set her on fire; she blew up about an hour later. She turned out to have been the French man-of war ''Etourdie'', under the command of Monfieur de Champagne.<ref name=LG16502/> ''Etourdie'' had been launched at [[La Ciotat]] about three years earlier and carried sixteen [[carronade]]s and two long guns forward. Barrie conjectured that she had sailed from Toulon, bound for Tunis or Corfu.<ref name=LG16502>{{London Gazette|issue=16502|pages=1248–1250|date=6 July 1811}}</ref>
[[File:Sagone Bay, 1811 RCIN 735163.a.jpg|thumb|''Pomone'' along with ''Unite'' and ''Scout'' prepare for the attack in Sagone Bay, 1811]]
[[File:Genoise tower in corsica.jpg|thumb|left|A Genoese tower in Corsica]]
On 30 April, ''Pomone'' reached the Bay of Sagone in [[Corsica]], in company with the 40-gun frigate [[HMS Imperieuse (1793)|''Unite'']], Captain Chamberlayne.<ref name=LG16502/> The next morning the 18-gun {{sclass|Cruizer|brig-sloop}} {{HMS|Scout|1804|2}}, joined them. There were three vessels in the bay: the 26-gun ''Giraffe'' of about 1,100 tons, the 24-gun {{ship||Nourrice|1792 ship|2}} of about 900 tons, and an armed merchant vessel of about 500 tons.<ref name=LG16502/> A battery of four guns and a mortar covered the vessels, there were regular troops with field pieces on site, and what Barrie described as a [[Martello tower]] above the battery had a cannon too.<ref name=LG16502/> Barrie would later discover from a prisoner that ''Nourrice'' had a crew of 160 men and ''Giraffe'' a crew of 140 men.<ref name=LG16502/>

There being no wind, the three British captains had their boats tow their ships into range of the French vessels. After an hour and a half of bombardment by the British ships, the guns on shore were silent and all three French vessels were on fire. The British withdrew to avoid being damaged when the two French warships blew up.<ref name=LG16502/>

The French vessels had been laden with timber and their destruction retarded ship building in Toulon until the next year.{{sfnp|Marshall|1825|pages=721–727}} Also, the fires resulted in the destruction of the [[Genoese tower|Genoese coastal tower]] (perhaps the [[Torra di Sagone]]), and the battery's ammunition store. ''Pomone'' lost two men killed and 19 wounded; ''Unite'' and ''Scout'' had six wounded between them.<ref name=LG16502/>

While still in the Mediterranean, ''Pomone'' captured a vessel carrying [[Lucien Bonaparte]], his family, retainers and plunder. Barrie took the party, some forty persons in all, to [[Malta]], arriving on 23 August 1810. Barrie held that Bonaparte's ill-gotten gains were private property and relinquished all claims.{{sfnp|Marshall|1825|pages=721–727}}

==Loss==
[[File:PomoneWrecking.jpg|right|thumb|''Pomone'' wrecking, from the Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology]]
Returning from the Mediterranean with Sir [[Sir Harford Jones Brydges, 1st Baronet|Harford Jones]], the British Ambassador to Persia, on board, as well as some Arab stallions that the [[Shah|Shah of Persia]] had sent as a present to [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]], ''Pomone'' struck on [[The Needles]] at seven o'clock on Monday, 14 October 1811. However, the master mistook the light at The Needles for the light at [[Hurst Point Lighthouse|Hurst Castle]]. When the light was seen, Barrie feared that ''Pomone'' was too far south. He went forward but by the time land was spotted it was too late; someone shouted out a warning but the helmsman could not get turn her in time.{{sfnp|Hepper|1994|p=138}}

''Pomone'' struck a sunken rock about two cables' length to the southwest of Needles point.{{sfnp|Gosset|1986|p=80}} ''Pomone'' traversed the rock but she had lost her rudder and was holed in several places, leading her to immediately fill with water.{{sfnp|Hepper|1994|p=138}} Full of water and having lost her rudder, ''Pomone'' was sluggish. As a result, the waves then forced her onto Needle Point.{{sfnp|Hepper|1994|p=138}} The crew cut away her masts but could not get her off.{{sfnp|Gosset|1986|p=80}}

There was no wind, and as a result, boats from the guardship {{HMS|Tisiphone||2}} and pilot boats from [[Great Yarmouth|Yarmouth]] were able to get alongside in an hour and take off the crew.<ref name=NC26320>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 26, pp. 320–321.</ref> The gunbrig {{HMS|Escort|1801|2}} took Sir Hartford to Portsmouth. Over the next three days ''Pomone''{{'}}s cannon, masts, cargo and valuables were all salvaged, with the Shah's horses being manhandled out through the gun ports. She had 55,000 dollars on board, which were saved except for 4,000 dollars that some of the crew stole.{{sfnp|Gosset|1986|p=80}}<ref name=NC26320/> A marine stove in spirit casks and drank himself senseless; he was sentenced to 50 lashes but later pardoned on the basis of his prior good record.{{sfnp|Hepper|1994|p=138}}

A court martial on 25 October absolved Barrie and his officers of blame. However the board severely reprimanded the master for failing to take accurate bearings of Hurst Castle and for having not paid sufficient attention to Barrie's warnings about the lighthouse.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol 27, pp. 250–251.</ref> In response to the wrecking the Admiralty ordered that its ships should not attempt the Needle Passage at night.{{sfnp|Gosset|1986|p=80}} Barrie was appointed to the 74-gun [[third rate]], {{HMS|Dragon|1798|2}}.

==Wreck site==
[[File:TheNeedles - Remy - Osman - Wikipedia.JPG|thumb|right|upright=0.75|The Needles from the cliffs inshore at [[The Needles Batteries]]]]
The [[shipwreck]] site identified at The Needles contains the remains of two wrecks, thought to be {{HMS|Assurance|1747|6}} and the stern part of ''Pomone''. The wreck site was designated under the [[Protection of Wrecks Act]] on 4 April 1974. The majority of finds recovered from this double wreck site are thought to be from ''Pomone''.

It is possible that another wreck site identified in [[Alum Bay]] could be the bow end of ''Pomone''.

The wreck site was identified by an Isle of Wight resident, Derek Williams, who became the first licensee.

The [[Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology]] operates the [[Underwater Archaeology Centre]], which is housed in five former casemates of [[Fort Victoria (Isle of Wight)]]. The museum houses several exhibitions, including one about the wreck of ''Pomone''.

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080306170456/http://www.culture.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/F47CA311-8CA4-4F43-9DE1-A1FE323AA934/0/achwsreport19992000.pdf Advisory Committee on Historic Wrecks Report for 1999–2000]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928024146/http://www.hwtma.org.uk/lectures/10_annual_public.pdf John Bingeman (2001) Lecture]
* Clowes, Sir W. Laird, Sir Clements R. Markham, ''et al.''. (1996–97) ''The Royal Navy : a history from the earliest times to the present''. (London: Chatham). {{ISBN|978-1-86176-014-2}}
* {{cite book|first1=William Patrick |last1=Gosset |year=1986 |title=The lost ships of the Royal Navy, 1793-1900 |publisher=Mansell |isbn=0-7201-1816-6 }}
* [http://www.hwtma.org.uk/archaeological-projects/project-1/needles/ Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology: Needles Protected Wreck Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719192629/http://www.hwtma.org.uk/archaeological-projects/project-1/needles/ |date=19 July 2011 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Hepper |first1=David J. |year=1994 |title=British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650–1859 |publisher=Jean Boudriot |location=Rotherfield |isbn=0-948864-30-3}}
*{{cite RNB1823 |wstitle=Barrie, Robert |volume=2 |part=2 |page=224–227}}
*{{cite book|last = Winfield|first = Rif|title = British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher =  Seaforth| year = 2008|isbn=978-1-84415-717-4}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|HMS Pomone (ship, 1805)}}
* [http://www.ageofnelson.org/MichaelPhillips/info.php?ref=1757 Michael Philips: ''Ships of the Old Navy'']

{{Leda class frigate}}
{{1811 shipwrecks}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pomone (1805)}}
[[Category:Protected wrecks of England]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the Needles]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1811]]
[[Category:Leda-class frigates]]
[[Category:1805 ships]]
[[Category:Fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:1805 in England]]
[[Category:1811 in England]]
[[Category:Ships built in Frindsbury]]