View source for HMS Newfoundland

{{Short description|Fiji-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy}}
{{distinguish|text={{HMCS|Newfoundland}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=HMS Newfoundland.jpg
 |image_caption=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=[[United Kingdom]]
 |flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
 |name=''Newfoundland''
 |namesake=[[Dominion of Newfoundland]]
 |ordered=
 |awarded=
 |builder=[[Swan Hunter]], [[Wallsend]]
 |laid_down=9 November 1939
 |launched=19 December 1941
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |commissioned=21 January 1943
 |recommissioned=
 |decommissioned=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |fate=Sold to [[Peruvian Navy]], 30 December 1959
 |motto=
 |nickname=
 |honours=Mediterranean 1940–1945, Sicily 1943
 |identification=*[[Pennant number]]: 59
 |badge= A [[caribou]]
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=title
 |country=[[Peru]]
 |flag={{shipboxflag|Peru|naval}}
 |name=BAP ''Almirante Grau''
 |namesake=[[Miguel Grau Seminario]]
 |acquired=30 December 1959
 |commissioned=
 |recommissioned=
 |decommissioned=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |renamed=Renamed ''Capitan Quinones'' on 15 May 1973
 |reclassified=As a static [[training ship]], 1979
 |refit=
 |struck=
 |reinstated=
 |fate=[[ship breaking|Scrapped]], 1979
 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=Post 1951 modernisation
 |class={{sclass|Fiji|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]]
 |displacement=*8,712 tons standard
               *11,024 tons full load
 |length= {{convert|169.3|m|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|18.9|m|abbr=on}}
 |draught= {{convert|5.3|m|abbr=on}}
 |propulsion=*Four oil fired three-drum Admiralty-type boilers
             *four-shaft geared turbines
             *four screws
             *54.1 megawatts (72,500 [[Shaft horsepower|shp]])
 |speed={{convert|33|kn|km/h|lk=in|0}}
 |range={{convert|10,200|nmi|km|lk=in}} at {{convert|12|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}
 |endurance=
 |boats=
 |capacity=
 |complement=*730 (wartime)
             *650 (peacetime)
 |time_to_activate=
 |sensors=*Type 960M air search
          *Type 274 surface search
          *Type 277 height finding
          *Type 274 fire control (152&nbsp;mm)
          *Type 275 fire control (102&nbsp;mm)
          *Type 262（MRS1） fire control (40 mm)
 |EW=
 |armament=*3 triple [[BL 6 inch Mk XXIII naval gun]]s (152/50&nbsp;mm)
           *4 twin [[QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun|Mk XVI 102/45&nbsp;mm guns]]
           *5×2 & 2x1 [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Mk3 40 mm Bofors]]
 |armour=*82.5-88.9&nbsp;mm [[Belt armor|belt]]
         *25.4-50.8&nbsp;mm [[gun turret|turrets]]
 |aircraft=Two [[Supermarine Walrus]] aircraft (Later removed)
 }}
}}

'''HMS ''Newfoundland''''' was a {{sclass|Fiji|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]] of the [[Royal Navy]]. Named after the [[Dominion of Newfoundland]], she participated in the [[Second World War]] and was later sold to the [[Peruvian Navy]] and renamed '''BAP ''Almirante Grau'''''.

The hospital ship {{HMHS|Newfoundland}} was a different ship, although also torpedoed in the Mediterranean in 1943.

==Early career==
''Newfoundland'' was built by [[Swan Hunter]] and launched 19 December 1941 by the wife of the then British Minister of Labour, [[Ernest Bevin]]. The ship was completed in December 1942 and commissioned the next month.

[[File:A British Cruiser Keeps in Fighting Trim. April 1943, on Board HMS Rodney, in the Western Mediterranean. A16076.jpg|thumb|left|HMS ''Newfoundland'' firing her 6-inch guns during target practice, April 1943. Taken from {{HMS|Rodney|29|6}}]]
After commissioning ''Newfoundland'' joined the 10th Cruiser Squadron, [[Home Fleet]]. Early in 1943 the ship became [[flagship]] of the 15th Cruiser Squadron, Mediterranean. On the night of 13/14 July 1943, during [[Operation Husky|Sicily Campaign]], she provided effective support for 1st Parachute Brigade helping to secure the Primasole Bridge, linking [[Catania]] with [[Syra]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/religion-obituaries/10533854/The-Rev-Prebendary-Vere-Hodge-obituary.html|title=The Rev Prebendary Vere Hodge – obituary|work=Daily Telegraph|date=22 Dec 2013|access-date=23 Dec 2013}}</ref>

On 23 July 1943, she was torpedoed by the {{ship|Italian submarine|Ascianghi}}.<ref name="Operation Husky">{{Citation |title = Operation "Husky" – Letter of Proceedings ADM 1/14477 | publisher = Admiralty | place = London | author = Reginald Maurice James Hutton| date = 26 July 1943}}</ref>  Some sources attribute the torpedo to the {{GS|U-407}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3019.html|title = HMS Newfoundland (59) (British Light cruiser) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII - uboat.net}}</ref> One crewman was killed in the attack. Her rudder having been blown off, temporary repairs were carried out at [[Malta]]. Later, steering by her [[propeller]]s only, and with the assistance of "jury rigged" sails between her funnels, she steamed to the [[Boston Navy Yard]] for major repairs.

In 1944 the ship was re-commissioned for service in the Far East. While at [[Alexandria]] an exploding air vessel occurred in one of the torpedoes in the port tubes which caused severe damage and one casualty. The repairs delayed her arrival in the Far East for service with the [[British Pacific Fleet]] (BPF). ''Newfoundland'' went to [[New Guinea]] to support the [[6th Division (Australia)|Australian 6th Division]] in the [[Aitape-Wewak campaign]]. On 14 June 1945, as part of a BPF task group, ''Newfoundland'' attacked the Japanese naval base at [[Operation Inmate|Truk]], in the [[Caroline Islands]] during [[Operation Inmate]].

On 6 July ''Newfoundland'' left the forward base of [[Manus Island|Manus]] in the [[Admiralty Islands]] with other ships of the BPF to take part in the Allied campaign against the [[Japanese archipelago|Japanese home islands]]. On 9 August she took part in a [[Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II|bombardment of]] the Japanese city of [[Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi]]. ''Newfoundland'' was part of a [[British Empire]] force which took control of the naval base at [[Yokosuka]].

The ship was present in [[Tokyo Bay]] when the [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender|Instrument of Surrender]] was signed aboard the US [[battleship]] {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}}, on 2 September 1945. ''Newfoundland'' was then assigned the task of repatriating [[British Empire]] prisoners of war.
[[File:Hms newfoundland at sydney.jpg|thumb|HMS ''Newfoundland'', moored at Sydney, late 1945]]
She returned to Great Britain in December 1946.

==Postwar==
''Newfoundland'' was initially in [[Reserve Fleet (United Kingdom)|reserve]], and was used as a training ship as part of the stokers' training establishment {{HMS|Imperieuse|training establishment|6}}, before starting a 20-month reconstruction at [[Plymouth]] in 1951.<ref name="Jane">{{cite book |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1961 |title=All the World's Fighting Ships |publisher=Jane's Publishing Company Limited |page=181}}</ref> The modernisation was one of the more extensive of those applied to the Colony or Town-class cruisers in the 1950s with ''Newfoundland'' receiving extensive new electrical and fire control systems, a new bridge, comprehensive nuclear spraydown capability and lattice masts, particularly for the 960 radar in a similar structure to that later fitted to the cruisers {{HMS|Royalist|89|2}} and {{HMS|Belfast|C35|2}}. The integrated 275 and MRS-1 fire control for the 4 twin and 40mm mounts was the most comprehensive fitted to a modernised Royal Navy cruiser but possibly not as reliable as the simpler installations on the cruisers {{HMS|Ceylon|30|2}} and ''Belfast''.<ref name="Brassey">{{cite book |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1951 |title=Brassey's Naval Annual, Volume 62 |publisher=Praeger Publishers |page=415-416}}</ref><ref name="NavalHistory">{{cite news |title=HMS NEWFOUNDLAND - Colony-type Light Cruiser |date=26 January 2017 |url=https://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-06CL-Newfoundland.htm | publisher=Naval-History.net |access-date=19 June 2024}}</ref>

Recommissioned on 5 November 1952,<ref name="nn954 p10"/> she became flagship of the 4th Cruiser Squadron in the [[East Indies]]. The [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] of [[Sri Lanka]] met on board her during the [[Hartal 1953|Hartal of 1953]].<ref>[http://www.revolutionary-history.co.uk/backiss/Vol2/No1/Hartal.html Colvin R de Silva, ''Hartal''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109041300/http://www.revolutionary-history.co.uk/backiss/Vol2/No1/Hartal.html |date=9 January 2008 }}</ref> From December 1953 ''Newfoundland'' underwent a three-month refit at [[Singapore]] before transferring to the Far East Station, shelling [[Malayan Races Liberation Army|Malayan National Liberation Army]] targets near [[Penang]] in June 1954 when on passage to the Far East.<ref name="nn954 p10">{{cite news|title=Command News: H.M.S.Newfoundland|newspaper=[[Navy News|Portsmouth Navy News]]|date=September 1954|page=10|issue=4|url=https://issuu.com/navynews/docs/195409|access-date=10 August 2018}}</ref>

On 31 October 1956, the {{ship|Egyptian frigate|Domiat}} was cruising South of the [[Suez Canal]] in the [[Red Sea]], when ''Newfoundland'' encountered her and ordered her to heave to. Aware of tensions between Britain and Egypt that would lead to the [[Suez Crisis]], ''Domiat'' refused and opened fire on the cruiser, causing some damage and casualties. The cruiser, with the destroyer {{HMS|Diana|D126|2}}, then returned fire and sank her opponent, rescuing 69 survivors from the wreckage. One man from the ''Newfoundland'' was killed and five were wounded.<ref>[http://www.britains-smallwars.com/suez/seawar.html The War at Sea<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512100550/http://www.britains-smallwars.com/suez/seawar.html |date=12 May 2006 }}</ref>

''Newfoundland'' then returned to the Far East until paid off to the reserve at [[Portsmouth]] on 24 June 1959. She was sold to the Peruvian Navy on 2 November 1959, and subsequently renamed ''Almirante Grau'' and then to {{ship|BAP|Capitán Quiñones|CL-83|2}} in 1973. The cruiser was [[hulk (ship type)|hulked]] in 1979 and used as a static training ship in [[Callao]], before being decommissioned and scrapped later that year.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book|first=D. K. |last=Brown |first2=George |last2=Moore |title=Rebuilding the Royal Navy: Warship Design Since 1945|location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=Naval Institute Press |date=2003 |ISBN=1-59114-705-0|name-list-style=amp |author1-link=David K. Brown}}
*{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau |editor1-first=Roger |publisher=Mayflower Books|location=New York|year=1980|isbn=0-8317-0303-2 |chapter=Great Britain |last1=Campbell |first1=N.J.M.|pages=2–85}}
*{{cite book|last1=Colledge|first1=J. J.|authorlink1=J. J. Colledge|last2=Wardlow|first2=Ben|last3=Bush |first3=Steve |title=Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present|year=2020|publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-5267-9327-0|name-list-style=amp|edition=5th}}
*{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After|year=2010|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-078-8 |author-link=Norman Friedman}}
*{{cite book|first=David |last=Murfin |chapter=AA to AA: The Fijis Turn Full Circle |editor1-first=John|editor1-last= Jordan |title=Warship 2010 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-84486-110-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Raven|first1=Alan|last2=Roberts|first2=John|title=British Cruisers of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1980|isbn=0-87021-922-7|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2 |author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=Cassell |location=London|year=1995|isbn=1-86019-874-0|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|HMS Newfoundland (59)}}
* [http://www.world-war.co.uk/index.php3 WWII cruisers]
* [https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4036.html HMS ''Newfoundland'' at Uboat.net]

{{Crown_Colony_class_cruiser}}
{{July 1943 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Newfoundland (C59)}}
[[Category:1941 ships]]
[[Category:World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cold War cruisers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in July 1943]]
[[category:Ships built by Swan Hunter]]
[[it:BAP Almirante Grau (CL-81)#HMS Newfoundland (59)]]