View source for HMCS Prince David

{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMCS Prince David 1942.jpg
|Ship caption=HMCS ''Prince David''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=Canada
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Canada|naval-1911}}
|Ship name=''Prince David''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship owner=
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=*[[Cammell Laird]] & Co., Birkenhead, UK
*Conversion to AMC by [[Halifax Shipyards Limited]]., Halifax, Nova Scotia
*Conversion to LSI(M) by [[Burrard Dry Dock]] Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=1929
|Ship launched=12 February 1930
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=28 December 1940
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=''Charlton Monarch'' (1946)
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=11 June 1945
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: F89
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honors=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Broken up 1951
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
|Ship honours=*Atlantic 1941
* Aleutians 1942
* Aegean 1943–44
* Normandy 1944
* South France 1944
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage={{GRT|6892}}
|Ship displacement=5,736&nbsp;tonnes
|Ship length={{convert|385|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|57|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|21|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship deck clearance=
|Ship ramps=
|Ship ice class=
|Ship power=*6 × [[Water-tube boiler|Yarrow]] water-tube five-drum super-heat main boilers 
* 2 × Scottish marine three-burner auxiliary boilers
*{{convert|19300|ihp|kW|abbr=on|0}} at 267 rpm.
|Ship propulsion=Twin screw [[Charles Algernon Parsons|Parsons]] reaction three-stage single-reduction geared turbines;  
|Ship speed={{convert|22|kn|lk=in|0}}
|Ship range={{convert|3500|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on|0}} at {{convert|20|kn|0}}
|Ship endurance=
|Ship complement=31 officers, 383 [[Naval ratings|ratings]]
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*4 × [[BL 6 inch Mk VII naval gun|6-inch/45 cal Mk VII guns]]<ref>CFHQ Report Number 5, 1965</ref> in 2 single mounts forward and 2 aft (as AMC).
*4 × [[QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun|4-inch Mk XVI HA/LA guns]] in two twin mounts (as LSI M).
*2 × [[QF 3 inch 20 cwt|3-inch HA guns]] in two single mounts (as AMC).
*2 × [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40-mm Bofors guns]] (as LSI M).
*several Vickers .303 twin MGs.
*10 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]] Mk 5 in single mounts after Apr.20/42 refit.
*2 stern-mounted depth charge chutes for Mk. VIII 300 lb.canister depth charges (as AMC).
|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''HMCS ''Prince David''''' was one of three [[Canadian National Steamships]] [[passenger liner]]s that were converted for the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] (RCN), first to [[Armed merchantmen|armed merchant cruisers]] at the beginning of [[Second World War]], then [[Landing ship, infantry|infantry landing ships]] (medium) or [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] escort. For three years, they were the largest ships in the RCN.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 246.</ref>

The three 'Prince' ships were a unique part of Canada's war effort: taken out of mercantile service, converted to armed merchant cruisers, two of them (''Prince David'' and {{HMCS|Prince Henry||2}}) were reconfigured to infantry landing ships and one ({{HMCS|Prince Robert||2}}) to an anti-aircraft escort; all three ships were paid off at war's end and then returned to mercantile service.

In the early part of the war, as armed merchant cruisers equipped with antique guns and very little armour, ''Prince David'' and her [[sister ship|sisters]] were sent to hunt enemy [[submarine]]s and surface ships, tasks better suited to [[warship]]s. As the needs of the RCN changed, so were the 'Prince' ships able to adapt to new roles. Their flexibility offered the RCN greater scope and balance in its operations. They did not function as did the bulk of the Canadian fleet: no rushing back and forth across the ocean, cold and damp, chained to [[50th parallel north|50 degrees North]]. ''Prince David'' and her sisters, each with two separate employments, roamed most of the navigable world forming a little navy apart.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, pages 245/249.</ref>

==Passenger ship (1930–1939)==

===West Coast service===
[[File:Passenger ship CNSS Prince David.jpg|upright|thumb|left|CNSS ''Prince David'', Vancouver, British Columbia, August 1930]] 
Three ships, ''Prince David'', {{HMCS|Prince Henry||2}} and {{HMCS|Prince Robert||2}} were ordered in 1929 from [[Cammell Laird]] & Co. by the [[Canadian National Railways]] subsidiary [[CN Steamships]] to operate as small [[Ocean liner|luxury liners]] on the [[British Columbia Coast|West Coast of Canada]]. The specifications for all three ships had been identical: three [[Deck (ship)|decks]], three [[Funnel (ship)|funnels]], [[Stern#Cruiser|cruiser sterns]] and accommodation for 300 passengers. Each had cost $2,000,000 at completion and with a speed of {{convert|22|kn|lk=in|0}}, they were among the fastest ships in the Canadian registry.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 5.</ref> Named after David E. Galloway, a vice president of Canadian National Steamships, ''Prince David'' arrived on the West Coast in the summer of 1930 and was put on the [[Vancouver]] – [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] – [[Seattle]] daily service.
However, the decline in trade due to the [[Great Depression in Canada|Depression]] had made it impractical for all three ships to operate in [[British Columbia]] waters.

===West Indies service===
In 1932, ''Prince David'' and ''Prince Henry'' were sent back east to join the Canada – [[West Indies]] service. While on a voyage south, ''Prince David'' [[Ship grounding|ran aground]] on the North-East Breaker at [[Bermuda]] on 13 March 1932<ref name=Times150332b>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The wreck of the Prince David |date=15 March 1932 |page=13 |issue=46082 |column=E }}</ref><ref name=Times220632a>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Work on the Ferndale |date=22 June 1932 |page=22 |issue=46166 |column=E }}</ref> and remained hard aground for six months. Salvagers determined that the cheapest course was to turn her back to her owners, Canadian National Steamships, who eventually got her off, refitted her and sent her back for another four years' service. ''Prince David'' was laid up at [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]] in 1937.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 4.</ref>

By the late 1930s, and with war looming, the Canadian [[Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy|chief of the Naval Staff]] had designated the three 'Prince' ships as candidates for conversion to armed merchant cruisers, for the task of [[convoy]] escort. During the protracted negotiations for the CN ships, all three vessels had been inspected by the Naval Service and specifications drawn up. It was recognized that the task of converting the fast liners would not be an easy one. Their hulls and engines were basically sound. ''Prince Robert'', which had had no accidents and had been well maintained, was to present no problems. Her sister ships, on the other hand, were a different story: both were in need of major repairs.

''Prince David'' was suffering from neglect, with a badly [[Fouling|fouled]] hull, rotten deck planks and [[Bulkhead (partition)|bulkheads]] rusted thin. Holes in the deck plating, crystallized valves and decrepit auxiliary engines augured an expensive refit as well as conversion.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 7.</ref>

===Preparing for war===
[[File:HMCS-Prince-David-A gun.png|upright|thumb|HMCS ''Prince David''{{'}}s vintage "A" & "B" guns.]]
When Canada officially [[Military history of Canada during the Second World War|declared war]] on [[Nazi Germany]], 10 September 1939, the Royal Canadian Navy consisted of six [[destroyer]]s, five [[minesweeper]]s, two [[training ship]]s and a mobilized strength of 366 officers and 3,477 [[Naval rating|ratings]] including reservists.<ref>Schull, Joseph. ''Far Distant Ships, An official Account of Canadian Operations in World War II''. Stoddart. pages 1 & 2.</ref> The Naval Service lost no time in making arrangements for the conversion of the 'Princes'.

The [[British Admiralty]] had been depositing defensive equipment in Canada between the wars in order to arm fast liners as AMCs in the event of hostilities. Twelve {{convert|6|in|mm|0|adj=on}} guns were made available to the RCN to start the AMC program. The 6-inch guns were manufactured as early as 1896 and fitted in the wing [[casemate]]s of {{sclass|King Edward VII|battleship}}s launched between 1903 and 1905. They had no range-finding or fire-control equipment and had been designed to train over a small arc, which had to be reconfigured to travel about 300 degrees. Some {{convert|3|in|mm|0|adj=on}} guns designed for [[light cruiser]]s and of a newer vintage (1916) were also made available. On 9 February 1940, work commenced on ''Prince David'' at Halifax Shipyards from plans prepared by Messrs. Lambert, German and Milne of Montreal.<ref>Boutillier, James, A. ''RCN in Retrospect 1910–1968''. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver & London. chapter 8, Princes Three: Canada's use of Armed Merchant Cruisers during World War II, (Fraser M. McKee), pages 118–120.</ref>

==Armed merchant cruiser (1940–1943)==
Substantial alterations were carried out at the Halifax Shipyard. The two top decks were cut away and light-cruiser superstructure was fitted, eliminating the boat deck cabins and lounges. The hull and deck were stiffened and some [[watertight subdivision]] added. All three ships suffered from the basic weakness of large cargo and accommodation compartments extending across their hulls.

{{blockquote|text=A torpedo in their forward holds or in their large undivided engine rooms would probably have been disastrous.<ref>Boutillier, James, A. ''RCN in Retrospect 1910–1968''. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver & London. chapter 8, Princes Three: Canada's use of Armed Merchant Cruisers during World War II, (Fraser M. McKee), page 119.
</ref>}}

Four 6-inch guns were fitted, one on each of the two decks forward and aft. Two 3-inch guns were fitted on the upper deck amidships, along with several light anti-aircraft machine guns. Two [[depth charge]] chutes were added to the stern, but no anti-submarine detection equipment was supplied. The three original stacks were replaced with two shorter, oval ones, which gave a decidedly more cruiser like appearance.
HMCS ''Prince David'' was commissioned with the [[pennant number]] F89 at Halifax on 28 December 1940, under the command of Captain W.B. Armit, RCNR.
[[File:HMCS P-D compen 1.png|350px|thumb|left|Remnants of HMCS ''Prince David''{{'}}s 1940 Commissioning Pennant.]] 
''Prince David'', in company with ''Prince Henry'', left Halifax on 12 January 1941 for work-ups off Bermuda. Crews of both ships were given a good introduction to the quick rolling characteristics of the 'Princes' during a stormy passage to [[Hamilton, Bermuda]]. Even as cruise ships, the three 'Princes' were known for their tendency to roll in heavy seas. As a gun platform, this was not an ideal trait and extra care and practice was needed to overcome the tendency to a quick rolling motion. Added to this was the age of the 6-inch guns themselves, which made it necessary to devote more care to the armament than was desirable in a hectic engagement.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 23.</ref>

===West Indies Station===
From early 1941, HMCS ''Prince David'' served as convoy escort from West Indies Station in Bermuda.  On 1 April 1941, ''Prince David'' was ordered to patrol off of the [[Pará River]] in Brazil. There she was to intercept two enemy merchant ships, the German ''Norderney'' and the Italian ''Monbaldo'', which were preparing to sail. As ''Prince David'' steamed south, she was abruptly ordered to steer 025° at best possible speed and search along {{HMS|Voltaire}}'s track.
''Voltaire''<ref>''Weekly Intelligence Report #40'', page 27, (held Naval Historical Section (Ottawa) now CFHQ Directorate of History) "VOLTAIRE—13,000 tons, eight-6" guns range {{convert|7|mi|km|0}}, {{convert|14.5|kn|abbr=on}}."</ref> was a British AMC, in fact one of the RN's largest, and, like ''Prince David'', she had been charged with the task of defending convoys and intercepting enemy shipping.
C-in-C America and West Indies had heard a German communiqué stating that ''Voltaire'' had been sunk by an auxiliary cruiser. ''Prince David'' increased her speed to {{convert|20|kn}} and headed for ''Voltaire''{{'}}s estimated position.

On 7 April, the Canadian ship entered a large oil patch. Small bits of charred wood, cloth and newspapers were found and sharks were seen. There was little doubt that a ship had gone down in the area. Two years later it was learned that the German auxiliary cruiser [[Merchant raider|(Hilfskreuzer)]] {{ship|German auxiliary cruiser|Thor||2}}<ref>Weekly Intelligence Report #40, page 27, (held Naval Historical Section (Ottawa) now CFHQ Directorate of History) "THOR—ex-SS SANTA CRUZ, 3144 tons, six-5.9" guns, {{convert|18|kn|abbr=on}}."</ref> had attacked ''Voltaire'' and ''Thor''{{'}}s first salvo from {{convert|2|mi|km|0}} outside ''Voltaire''{{'}}s gun range had knocked out one of the British AMC's {{convert|6|in|mm|0|adj=on}} gun mounts, destroyed the bridge and put the [[wireless]] room out of action. After 2 hours of continuous shelling, the outgunned ''Voltaire'' began to sink. The German raider, which had fought successful actions with two other British merchant cruisers, rescued 197 officers and men<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 34.</ref> from HMS ''Voltaire'' (72 crew members died in the action).
[[File:HMCS Prince David Bermuda.jpg|200px|thumb|left|HMCS ''Prince David'' in Bermuda, circa 1941]]
{{blockquote|text=''Voltaire''{{'}}s sudden disappearance and the mysterious circumstances surrounding it could hardly fail to impress the men of ''Prince David'' with the danger of their role, and its importance in the war at sea. Their task was the same as that of their British comrades—the protection of trade routes—and they shared the same hazards. While the Prince ships were faster than their British counterparts, indeed, faster than the average disguised raider, and faster than ''Thor'', they were undeniably out-classed in firepower: ''Prince David''{{'}}s 6-inch guns would be a poor match for the enemy's {{convert|5.9|in|mm|adj=on|0}} calibre armament, with superior German director gear; reasonable doubt concerning the result of an engagement between them could be entertained only in conditions that put a little extra speed at a high premium. Regrettable though the casualties among the armed merchant cruisers may have been, however, there was no room for self-recriminations in 1941. Non-aggressive countries have almost invariably gone to war unprepared, and the Allies had been forced to "make do"<ref>Roskill, S.W., The War at Sea, four volumes, London: Her
Majesty's Stationery Office, 1954–61 "''The policy of fitting slow and vulnerable liners with a few obsolete weapons and sending them out to act as trade route cruisers ... suffered the inevitable nemesis. But our shortage of cruisers had been so acute that the Admiralty could not find any more effective means of increasing their numbers, and the necessary modern guns and equipment to give the converted liners even a reasonable chance of engaging a German raider successfully simply did not exist in 1939.''"</ref> with the equipment and ships at their disposal.|author=MacLeod, M. K.|source=''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters Reports, 31 October 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, p. 35}}

[[File:HMCS-Prince-David-Panama.png|200px|thumb|right|HMCS ''Prince David'' in the Panama Canal Zone]][[File:HMCS-Prince-David.png|200px|thumb|right|HMCS ''Prince David'' in the Panama Canal Zone.]]

On 24 August, ''Prince David'' was ordered to rendezvous with {{HMS|Circassia}}, an 11,000 ton AMC. Their task was to patrol the central Atlantic to intercept enemy supply ships and raiders. At dawn, 29 August, before the rendezvous had taken place, ''Prince David'' sighted an unknown vessel. The vessel, which was seen stern on, in poor visibility, at a range of {{convert|12000|yd|m|-3}}, was reported by ''Prince David'' to be a heavy cruiser, steering south-east at {{convert|25|kn|abbr=on}}. She did not reply correctly to ''Prince David''{{'}}s challenge and steamed off after 50 minutes.
Some rather fanciful stories arose from this brief encounter, and authorities were hard pressed to counter newspaper reports that ''Prince David'' had forced the {{ship|German cruiser|Admiral Hipper||2|up=yes}} to turn tail and run; some even classified the encounter as a shooting engagement. A press clipping sent from Vice Admiral Nelles to Captain Adams, apparently from a British newspaper, stated the following: {{blockquote|text=''"We took after her at once, emitting loud yaps from our six-inch (152 mm) guns,' said ''Prince David''{{'}}s captain, describing the action, and, deceived by the aggressive spirit of the small ship, the powerful German fled at high speed."''<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 38.</ref>}}

The identity of this ship remains a mystery. The Admiralty considered that she might be the afore-mentioned auxiliary cruiser ''Thor'', but this raider had returned to [[Brest, France|Brest]]. Considering the location of German raiders at this period, it is unlikely that it was a ship of this kind and despite newspaper articles claiming otherwise, was not ''Admiral Hipper''. HMCS ''Prince David'' probably sighted the [[U-boat]] supply ship ''Python'' or a supply ship for disguised raiders.

At the end of August ''Prince David'' came upon the 4,000 ton British merchantman ''St. Margaret'' wallowing towards [[Trinidad]] at {{convert|5|kn|abbr=on}}, with engine trouble. When ''Prince David'' closed, the vessel's Master asked for the Canadian's Engineer Officer to come over to have a look, which he did, and reported he did not believe ''St. Margaret'' could make it. Bermuda was nearest land, {{convert|800|mi|km|-2}} west. Expecting that either U-boat or surface raider would sink her, if she did not founder first, Captain Adams decided to intervene, and took the merchantman in tow. ''St. Margaret'' was brought into Bermuda safely on 3 September. 
{{blockquote|text=A hassle whether ''Prince David'' deserved a salvage payment over this affair was no short one: it went on almost seven years. In mid-1948, NSHQ collected $14,105 from the owners, of which $3,427.37 was divided up among the ship's company. Due to delay in locating civilian addresses of men who had left the service when the war ended, the last cheque was not sent out until nine years after the event, 11 September 1950. (NSC8852-412/1 Vols. 1&2)<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 38.</ref>}}

===The West Coast and Aleutian Campaign===
[[File:1942 Commandos.png|thumb|upright|1942 movie poster, ''[[Commandos Strike at Dawn]]'']]

After the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], ''Prince David'' was transferred to Canada's West Coast to join her sister ships for a refit and upgrade of weapons. Now based in [[Esquimalt, British Columbia|Esquimalt]], they were to take up defensive duties in the Pacific Northeast, off British Columbia. As well as providing protection to shipping in the region, they were to reassure the public by their presence and  satisfy American demands for a Canadian naval force in the area.

From 24 to 27 July 1942, ''Prince David'' participated in the filming of ''[[Commandos Strike at Dawn]]'' (some behind-the-scenes footage made during location filming in Canada is included in the [[CBC Television]] documentary "Canada's War in Colour").

{{blockquote|text=Mock bombardments of imaginary shore positions were carried out by ''Prince David'' in [[Saanich Inlet]], and equally imaginary shore batteries fired back, while movie raiders rowed the ship's boats ashore as hard as they could. A ship-handling problem peculiar to this operation was that in every scene where ''Prince David'' was to appear herself, she could present only her starboard side to the camera. It was calculated that cinema-goers would not likely accept the huge sound truck that had been hoisted aboard, and reposed on the weather deck port side, as a regular item in Combined Operations weaponry. The ship's company co-operated heartily, and kept up a high standard of discipline and war-readiness despite the distractions of this fling with film fame, and the glitter of hob-nobbing with the film famous.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports, 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, pages 65 & 66.</ref>}}

After the Japanese occupation of [[Attu Island|Attu]] and [[Kiska Island|Kiska]] in the [[Aleutian Islands]], and fearing their attack posed a serious threat to the Northwest, a strong American naval force was deployed in Alaskan waters. Some estimates had put the Japanese naval strength at four 6-inch cruisers, eight destroyers and as many as eighteen submarines in the Aleutians. Late August 1942, ''Prince David'', ''Prince Henry'', ''Prince Robert'' and the [[corvette]]s {{HMCS|Dawson|K104|6}} and {{HMCS|Vancouver|K240|6}}, were ordered to co-operate with American forces being transported to Kodiak. Operating under orders of the [[United States Navy]], and designated as Force "D", they escorted convoys between [[Kodiak, Alaska|Kodiak]] and Dutch Harbor (now [[Unalaska]]), Alaska as part of the Aleutian Islands campaign. ''Prince David'' and her sister ships made no actual contact with the enemy during their almost 3-month tour of duty in the northern waters. This was not to say, however, that the work was dull or uneventful. Seamen who were used to the open ocean seldom allow themselves to be impressed by anything the weather and navigational difficulties have to offer; but the men of the 'Prince' ships soon realized that whatever the perils of the [[North Atlantic]], nothing compared with the sudden [[gale]]s, erratic currents and uncharted shoals of the [[North Pacific]]. In 1942, the Canadian ships were equipped with only rudimentary [[radar]] which made navigation a  source of constant danger. Fog gave way to gales which gave way to fog.  
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:88%; width:22em; margin-left:1em; float:right; clear:right;"
|+ HMCS ''Prince David'' – Commanding Officers<ref>''The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910 – 1985'', (Ken Macpherson and John Burgess), ''Appendix 4, Commanding Officers'', page 199.</ref>
|-
!Name
!Date
|-
|CDR. W.B. Armit, R.N.C.R.||28 Dec. 1940 to 24 Mar. 1941
|-
|CDR. – K.F. Adams, R.C.N.||25 Mar. 1941 to 1 Dec. 1941
|-
|CAPT. – V.S. Godfrey, R.C.N. ||2 Dec. 1941 to 18 Mar.1942
|-
|A/LCDR. – T.D. Kelly, R.C.N.R.||19 Mar. 1942 to 16 Apr.1942
|-
|CAPT. – V.S. Godfrey, R.C.N||18 Apr. 1942 to 17 Apr. 1943
|-
|CDR. – T.D. Kelly, R.C.N.R. ||18 Apr. 1943 to 1 May 1943
|-
|CDR. – T.D. Kelly, R.C.N.R. ||23 May 1943 to 11 June 1945
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:88%; width:22em; margin-left:1em; float:right; clear:right;"
|+ 529th Canadian L.C.A. Flotilla (Carried in ''Prince David'')<ref>Schull, Joseph. ''Far Distant Ships, An official Account of Canadian Operations in World War II''. Stoddart. page 500.
</ref>
|-
!Name
!Landing Craft No.
|-
|LT. R.G. Buckingham, R.C.N.V.R. ''Flotilla Officer''||L.C.A. 1150
|-
|LT. G.E. Allin, R.C.N.V.R.||L.C.A. 1375
|-
|LT. J. McBeath, R.C.N.V.R.||L.C.A. 1059
|-
|LT. D. Graham, R.C.N.V.R.||L.C.A. 1151
|-
|LT. J. Beveridge, R.C.N.V.R.||L.C.A. 1138
|-
|L/SMN. Le Vergne, R.C.N.||L.C.A. 1137
|}
Known as the Aleutian "[[Williwaw]]", violent winds  born in the "storm factory" of the [[Bering Sea]] roared down the narrow mountain passes to challenge labouring convoys with little sea room to begin with.  Many of the convoy ships, who could not exceed {{convert|6|kn|abbr=on}}, battled a {{convert|4|kn|adj=on}} current and, when hit with such a gale, often [[Beaufort scale|force 10]], frequently had to disperse and find shelter as best they could.<ref>Schull, Joseph. ''Far Distant Ships, An official Account of Canadian Operations in World War II''. Stoddart. page 123.</ref>
The 'Princes' themselves were not known for their manoeuvrability; heavy and blocky, when forced to keep pace with a slow convoy and in order to maintain steerage, the ships often ran with the leeward shaft at twice the speed of the other. Despite these extreme conditions, there were surprisingly few mishaps.
On one occasion, while escorting two merchant ships to Dutch Harbor, ''Prince David'' encountered a thickening fog. Captain Godfrey deployed a fog buoy as a precaution. SS ''Elias Howe'', one of ''Prince David''{{'}}s charges, immediately sounded an emergency signal of six blasts on her whistle. Thinking that it was a [[periscope]], she opened fire on the fog buoy streaming from ''Prince David''{{'}}s stern. After the event ''Prince David''{{'}}s commanding officer' with commendable objectivity, complimented ''Elias Howe'' on her "fine degree of alertness".<ref>Douglas, A.B.W,  Roger Sarty,  Michael Whitby, ''No Higher Purpose, The Official Operational History of the Royal Canadian Navy, Volume II, Part 1''. Vanwell Publishing Ltd. page 362.</ref>

It was becoming apparent, by the fall of 1942, that ''Prince David'' and her sister ships were not equipped to defend themselves or their charges against well-armed enemy ships that, it was feared, may begin to operate off the West Coast. It was therefore decided to convert ''Prince David'' and ''Prince Henry'' to landing ships infantry (medium) in preparation for the coming invasion of Europe.

==Landing ship infantry medium (1943–1945)==

=== Normandy ===
In the spring of 1943, work was under way on the conversion of HMCS ''Prince David'' and HMCS ''Prince Henry'' to landing ship infantry (medium) LSI (M). They were reconfigured to carry 550 infantrymen transported in six [[Landing Craft Assault|landing craft assault (LCA)]] and two [[LCM 1|landing craft mechanised (LCM)]], and have large sick-bay facilities for the anticipated casualties. Their old 6-inch guns were replaced with two twin {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|0}} mountings, two single [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Bofors 40 mm gun]]s, and ten [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]]s. The rebuilding, which took place at Esquimalt and [[Vancouver]], was completed in December 1943 and shortly after re-commissioning, she left for the [[United Kingdom]] via [[Cristóbal, Panama|Cristobal]] and [[New York City|New York]], under Captain T.D. Kelly RCNR, (her final commanding officer) who had supervised the fitting-out of both ships.
[[File:H.M.C.S. PRINCE DAVID off Bernières-sur-Mer, France, 6 June 1944..jpg|200px|thumb|left|A second section of infantrymen preparing to go ashore from ''Prince David'' off Bernières-sur-Mer, France, 6 June 1944.]]
 
Upon arrival in the Clyde in February 1944, ''Prince David'' was taken to [[Clydebank]] for a final fitting out. After completion, ''Prince David'' and ''Prince Henry'' joined [[Combined Operations Headquarters|Combined Operations Command]] at [[Cowes]], Isle of Wright. 
At Cowes on 21 April the two Canadian landing ships were joined with their flotillas of assault landing craft. In addition, there arrived within the next few days three Canadian flotillas of the larger infantry landing craft which would make the cross-Channel voyage under their own power. During May, a series of intense, large-scale training exercises took place combining the Canadian craft with many more from the [[Royal Navy]] and the United States Navy.<ref>Boutillier, James, A. RCN in Retrospect 1910–1968. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver & London. Chapter 8, Princes Three: Canada's use of Armed Merchant Cruisers during World War II, (Fraser M. McKee), page 129
</ref>[[File:HMCS PrinceDavid LSM.jpg|200px|thumb|right|HMCS ''Prince David'', LSI (M) configuration and 4 LCAs]]

On [[D-Day]], 6 June 1944, ''Prince David'' disembarked 418 troops, including elements of [[Le Régiment de la Chaudière]], [[Royal Marines]] and a detachment of [[Assault Pioneer|British pioneers]] on the Mike and Nan beaches in the [[Juno Beach|Juno]] sector. First to be lowered were the two Royal Navy craft which she carried in addition to her own. 
Their mission was to provide supporting small-arms fire and to clear mines and obstacles in advance of the assault craft. The Canadian landing craft then followed to form up with craft from other Canadian Flotillas. H-hour was set for 7.25, and after a delay of twenty minutes for a more favourable tide in the Juno sector, ''Prince David''{{'}}s landing craft started their hour-long trip to the beaches.
Over the course of the day, all but one of her craft had been crippled, sunk or beached high and dry. As the one remaining assault craft made its way back to ''Prince David'', a charging tank carrier forced her over an obstacle, which tore out her bottom and she sank at once. An outbound lighter ferried her crew back to ''Prince David''.<ref>Schull, Joseph. ''Far Distant Ships, An official Account of Canadian Operations in World War II''. Stoddart. page 236, and pages 274 & 277.
</ref> With wounded on board and unable to retrieve any of her landing craft, ''Prince David'' sailed to [[Southampton]], ending her D-Day involvement. Both ships made four more reinforcement trips to Normandy, one on 18 June and three in July.

===Mediterranean Theatre===
[[File:HMCS-Prince-David-LSI M.png|200px|thumb|left|HMCS ''Prince David'' LSI (M)]]

Equipped with new landing craft and in the company of ''Prince Henry'', ''Prince David'', sailed on 24 July for [[Naples]] to take part in [[Operation Dragoon]], the invasion of southern [[France]] by the [[US 7th Army]] and troops from Canada, France and Britain. Acting as command ship for [[Operation Romeo]] she carried French commandos of Le 1<sup>er</sup> Commando Français de l'Afrique du Nord, (English: First French Commando of North Africa) whose task it was to take the gun batteries at Cap Nègre as a prelude to the main action.
On 15 August, the French commandos from ''Prince David'' were put ashore, some six hours before the main Operation Dragoon landings. The attacking flotilla included HMCS ''Prince David'', {{HMS|Princess Beatrix}}, {{HMS|Prins Albert}} and four U.S. [[motor torpedo boats]].<ref>Boutillier, James, A. RCN in Retrospect 1910–1968. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver & London. Chapter 8, Princes Three: Canada's use of Armed Merchant Cruisers during World War II, (Fraser M. McKee), page 133
</ref> After the action and her landing craft had returned with the wounded, ''Prince David'' sailed for [[Corsica]]. She made two reinforcing trips to the French coast, carrying a total of almost 3,000 troops.  
HMCS ''Prince David'' sailed for the island of [[Kythira|Kithera]] on 14 September with a force of 530 troops of the 9th British Commando to begin the liberation of [[Greece]]. 
[[File:HMCS-Prince-David--LCA-1375.jpg|200px|thumb|left|RCN ratings enjoy an enthusiastic welcome during the liberation of Greece.]]During the night of 14 September, the troops landed and were greeted not by the enemy, but by crowds of elated Greeks. ''Prince David'' loaned the commandos her flotilla of landing craft to facilitate a series of attacks and reoccupation designed to take control of the inner islands of the [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]].<ref>Boutillier, James, A. RCN in Retrospect 1910–1968. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver & London. Chapter 8, Princes Three: Canada's use of Armed Merchant Cruisers during World War II, (Fraser M. McKee), page 134
</ref>

''Prince David'' set sail on 15 October as part of a large force for the reoccupation and liberation of Greece. On board ''Prince David'' was [[George Papandreou (senior)|Prime Minister George Papandreou]] of Greece and his government in exile. As the landing craft entered [[Piraeus]], they were again met with a tumultuous welcome and no sign the enemy. The Germans had left for the north a few days earlier. For the next few weeks ''Prince David'', in company with ''Prince Henry'', ferried both troops and much-needed supplies to a famine-stricken Greece.<ref>Schull, Joseph. ''Far Distant Ships, An official Account of Canadian Operations in World War II''. Stoddart. page 368.</ref>

With the vacuum created by the hasty retreat of Nazi forces, the returning Greek government in exile clashed with left-wing resistance leaders, who now had military control over much of Greece. ''Prince David'' found herself involved in a struggle that would eventually lead to the [[Greek Civil War]]. During November and with public order deteriorating in Athens, ''Prince David'' was required to help concentrate forces there for a test of strength between the government and the opposition.{{cn|date=February 2023}}

[[File:G Papanreou on the Prince David 1944.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Georgios Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece, speaking to the Ship's Company of HMCS ''Prince David'']]

A general strike had sparked an armed clash between police and civilians near the Prime Minister's residence at Piraeus. ''Prince David''{{'}}s 529th flotilla landed loyal Greek troops at first light on 4 December as rifle and mortar fire could be clearly heard in the city.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, pages 208 & 209.</ref> On 9 December and with Greek hostilities expanded, ''Prince David'' sailed again for Piraeus, this time heavily laden with ammunition and a contingent of 311 troops of the [[British 2nd Parachute Brigade]]. While steaming through a swept channel, escorted by {{HMS|Beaufort|L14|6}}, a {{sclass2|Hunt|destroyer|1}}, a [[Naval mine|mine]] detonated on ''Prince David''{{'}}s port side, directly forward of her 4-inch magazine and next to her fuel and fresh water tanks. ''Prince David'' limped into [[Salamis Bay]] under her own power, albeit slightly down in the bow. After an underwater inspection confirmed that the explosion had opened a {{convert|17|by|12|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} hole below the waterline, it was decided that ''Prince David'' should withdraw to find repair facilities in quieter waters. She sailed for Ferryville Dry-dock, at [[Bizerte|Bizerta Tunisia]]; there she was to remain for the next four weeks while she was fitted with a large patch<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 214.</ref> (which fell off a few days after leaving for Gibraltar<ref>Boutillier, James, A. RCN in Retrospect 1910–1968. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver & London. Chapter 8, Princes Three: Canada's use of Armed Merchant Cruisers during World War II, (Fraser M. McKee), page 136</ref>  ).
Late in February 1945 ''Prince David'' sailed for Esquimalt to be refitted and transferred to the RN for use in south-east Asia operations. She was transferred to the RN in June but was never taken over. Instead she was [[Ship decommissioning|paid off]], and by January 1946, both ''Prince David'' and her sister ship ''Prince Robert'' had been towed to and laid up in Lynn Creek, North Vancouver.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 240.</ref>

From ''Canada's War at Sea'', first published December 1944,
{{blockquote|text=In the reconstruction of ships nothing warrants higher praise than the conversion of HMC Ships ''Prince Robert'', ''Prince David'' and ''Prince Henry'' to their present status. The conversion of these ships was a unique experience for the Shipbuilders and Technical Officers of the Navy at Headquarters and Esquimult and turned to be the first effort of Canada towards the building of modern anti-aircraft cruisers and well-armed landing ships. These ships are now the most heavily armed of their kind and size in the world and have made a name for themselves on the invasion beaches of Europe. (Leacock & Roberts)<ref>''Canada's War at Sea'', (Stephen Leacock & Leslie Roberts), ''Vol II''., ''Canada and The War at Sea'', (Roberts) ''Part III, Of Ships and Ship Building'' (Wallace Ward and Alexander Morton), page 126.</ref>}}

==Post war==
Charlton Steam Shipping Co. purchased ''Prince David'' in September 1946. By February 1947 ''Prince David'' was in Britain undergoing conversions to her superstructure for passenger service. Renamed ''Charlton Monarch'', she entered the immigrant trade and ran from Britain to [[Australia]], enjoying the freedom of the sea which she helped to secure. ''Prince David'' seemed to be predisposed to striking underwater hazards: in 1932 as CNSS ''Prince David'' she spent six months hard aground on the North-East Breaker at Bermuda; in 1941, she was aground again in Bermuda; during her Alaskan tour, she struck an uncharted piling; and in the Mediterranean an exploding mine opened a {{convert|17|ft|m|0|adj=on}} hole in her plates. As ''Charlton Monarch'', she once broke down off the coast of Brazil, and on 11 June 1948, SS ''John Biscoe'' towed her for twelve hours into [[Pernambuco]]. These events, plus the pre-war years of neglect, may have contributed to her early demise. She lasted only 6 years and was broken up at [[Swansea]] in 1951.<ref>MacLeod, M. K. ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945'', Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports 31 Oct 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage, page 243.</ref>

== The 'Prince' ships time line==
{{wide image|CND-WW2-AMCs.png|800px|}}

==Notes==
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* Boutillier, James, A. ''RCN in Retrospect 1910–1968''. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver & London.
* MacLeod, M. K. [http://www.saskatchewanmilitarymuseum.ca/SSR/soldiers/maule/2006/cfhq005.pdf ''The Prince Ships, 1940–1945''], Canadian Forces Headquarters (CFHQ) Reports, 31 Oct. 1965, National Defence Directorate of History and Heritage.
* Schull, Joseph. ''Far Distant Ships, An official Account of Canadian Operations in World War II''. Stoddart: {{ISBN|0-7737-2160-6}}
* [[Stephen Leacock|Leacock]], Stephen and Leslie Roberts. ''Canada's War at Sea''.  Alvah M. Beatty: Publisher, Montreal, 1944.
* Macpherson, Ken and John Burgess. ''The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910 – 1985''. Collins Publishers: {{ISBN|0-00-217469-3}}
* Douglas, A.B.W,  Roger Sarty,  Michael Whitby, ''No Higher Purpose, The Official Operational History of the Royal Canadian Navy, Volume II, Part 1.'' Vanwell Publishing Ltd. Catalogue No. D2-132/2002-2-1E (Part 1), D2-132/2002-2-2E (Part 2)
* The photo of CNSS ''Prince David'' is from the Canada Science and Technology Museum Corporation "CN images of Canada Gallery"
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|HMCS Prince David (ship, 1930)}}
* [http://www.airmuseum.ca/rcn  HMCS Prince Robert Tribute Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218135722/http://www.airmuseum.ca/rcn/ |date=2009-02-18 }}
* [http://www.airmuseum.ca/rcn/princes.html The Prince Class Vessels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401211914/http://www.airmuseum.ca/rcn/princes.html |date=2012-04-01 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070202162227/http://www.navalmuseum.ab.ca/Default.htm The Naval Museum of Alberta]
* [https://archive.today/20030828163815/http://216.94.16.48/index1.html Canada Science and Technology Museum, CN – Images of Canada Gallery]
* [http://www.bismarck-class.dk/hilfskreuzer/hilfskreuzer_introduction.html Hilfskreuzer page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906125848/http://bismarck-class.dk/hilfskreuzer/hilfskreuzer_introduction.html |date=2006-09-06 }}
* [http://www.bluestarline.org/lamports/voltaire2.html Voltaire page]
* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4442/is_200707/ai_n19432180/ Remembering the Prince Robert]

{{1932 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prince David}}
[[Category:Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy]]
[[Category:Cruisers of the Royal Canadian Navy]]
[[Category:World War II cruisers of Canada]]
[[Category:1930 ships]]
[[Category:Troop ships]]
[[Category:Steamships of Canada]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1932]]