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{{Short description|French writer (1850–1893)}}
{{family name hatnote|Maupassant|de Maupassant}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox writer
| name             = Guy de Maupassant
| image            = Maupassant par Nadar.jpg
| caption          = Photograph by [[Nadar]]
| pseudonym        = Guy de Valmont, Joseph Prunier
| birth_name       = Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant
| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=yes|1850|8|5}}
| birth_place      = [[Tourville-sur-Arques]], [[Normandy]], France
| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=yes|1893|7|6|1850|8|5}}
| death_place      = [[Passy]], Paris, France
| resting_place    = [[Montparnasse Cemetery]], Paris
| occupation       = Novelist, short story writer, poet, comedian
| genre            = [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalism]], [[realism (arts)|Realism]]
| signature        = Guy de Maupassant, signature.jpg
}}

'''Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|m|oʊ|p|æ|s|ɒ̃}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Maupassant,_Guy_de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716135120/https://www.lexico.com/definition/maupassant,_guy_de |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2021 |title=Maupassant, Guy de |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref name="Longman">{{cite web|url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/guy-de-maupassant|title=Maupassant, Guy de|work=[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]|publisher=[[Longman]]|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|m|oʊ|p|ə|s|ɒ|n|t|,_|ˌ|m|oʊ|p|ə|ˈ|s|ɒ̃}};<ref name="Longman"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/maupassant|title=Maupassant|work=[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/maupassant|title=Maupassant|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Maupassant|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|ɡi d(ə) mopasɑ̃|lang}}; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French [[author]], celebrated as a master of the [[short story]], as well as a representative of the [[Naturalism (literature)|naturalist]] [[School of thought|school]], depicting human lives, destinies and social forces in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was a [[protégé]] of [[Gustave Flaubert]] and his stories are characterized by economy of style and efficient, seemingly effortless ''[[dénouements]]''. Many are set during the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of the 1870s, describing the futility of war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse. His first published story, "[[Boule de Suif]]" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered his most famous work.

==Biography==
[[File:Maupassant 7 ans.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Guy de Maupassant aged 7]]
[[File:Laure Le Poittevin et son fils Guy de Maupassant.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Guy de Maupassant and his mother, Laure]]
[[File:Gustave de Maupassant.jpg|thumb|left|200px|His father, Gustave de Maupassant, by [[Hippolyte Bellangé]]]]
[[File:Château de Miromesnil, Tourville-sur-Arques-1000659.jpg|thumb|left|Château de Miromesnil, Normandy]]
[[File:Grave of Guy de Maupassant.jpg|thumb|left|Grave at Montparnasse, Paris]]
Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century [[List of châteaux in Normandy#Seine-Maritime|Château de Miromesnil]] (near [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime|Dieppe]] in the [[Seine-Inférieure]] (now [[Seine-Maritime]]) [[Departments of France|Department]], France), the elder son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,<ref>[https://data.bnf.fr/12363250/laure_de_maupassant/ www.data.bnf.fr]</ref> whose family hailed from the prosperous [[bourgeoisie]]. His mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain the right to use the [[Nobiliary particle|particule]] or form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in order to indicate noble birth.<ref name="Gicquel 1993 p12">Alain-Claude Gicquel, ''Maupassant, tel un météore'', Le Castor Astral, 1993, p. 12</ref> Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), ''conseiller-secrétaire'' to [[King Louis XV]], had been ennobled by [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Francis I]] in 1752, and although his family were considered [[Petty nobility|petite noblesse]] they had not yet received official recognition by the [[Kingdom of France]]. He then obtained from the [[Judiciary of France|Tribunal Civil]] of [[Rouen]] by [[royal decree]] dated 9 July 1846 the [[right]] to [[Style (form of address)|style]] himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being formally assumed as the [[family name]] before the birth of his children.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gicquel |first1=Alain-Claude |language=fr |year=1993 |title=Maupassant, tel un météore: biographie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0LBcAAAAMAAJ |series=Collection "Les inattendus", number 218 |publisher=Le Castor Astral |pages=12, 32 |isbn=9782859202187 |access-date=7 October 2022}}</ref>

When Maupassant was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to obtain a legal separation from her husband, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody of her two sons. In the absence of Maupassant's father, his mother became the most influential figure in the young boy's life.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guy de Maupassant Biography |url=http://www.enotes.com/topics/guy-de-maupassant|website=enotes|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref> She was an exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical literature, particularly [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]. Until the age of thirteen, Guy lived happily with his mother, at [[Étretat]] in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, between the sea and the luxuriant countryside, he grew very fond of fishing and of outdoor activities. When Guy reached the age of thirteen, his mother placed her two sons as day boarders in a private school, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the ''Institution Robineau'' of Maupassant's story ''La Question du Latin''—for classical studies.<ref>Maupassant, ''Choix de Contes'', Cambridge, p. viii, 1945</ref> From his early education, he retained a marked hostility to religion, and to judge from verses composed around this time, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, its ritual and discipline.<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Maupassant|first1=Guy|title=Le Horla et autres contes d'angoisse |url=https://archive.org/details/lehorlaetautresc00guyd|url-access=registration|date=1984|publisher=Flammarion |location=Paris|isbn=978-2-0807-1300-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/lehorlaetautresc00guyd/page/233 233] |edition=2006|language=fr}}</ref> Finding the place unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biographie de Guy de Maupassant|url=http://www.alalettre.com/maupassant-bio.php |website=@lalettre.com|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref>

In 1867, while he was in [[Middle school|junior high school]], Maupassant met [[Gustave Flaubert]] at [[Canteleu|Croisset]] on the insistence of his mother.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/369995/Guy-de-Maupassant|title=Maupassant's Apprenticeship with Flaubert|date=26 March 2024}}</ref> Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the ''[[Lycée Pierre-Corneille]]'' in Rouen<ref name="LyCo6">{{cite web|url=http://lgcorneille-lyc.spip.ac-rouen.fr/spip.php?article6 |title=Lycée Pierre Corneille de Rouen – History |publisher=Lgcorneille-lyc.spip.ac-rouen.fr |date=1944-04-19 |access-date=2018-03-13}}</ref> where he proved a good scholar, indulging in poetry and taking a prominent part in theatricals. In October 1868, at the age of 18, he saved the famous poet [[Algernon Charles Swinburne|Algernon Swinburne]] from drowning off the coast of Étretat.<ref>Clyde K. Hyder, ''Algernon Swinburne: The Critical Heritage'', 1995, p. 185.</ref>

The [[Franco-Prussian War]] broke out soon after his graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the [[French Army]] without attending military academy as [[aspirant]]. In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, where he spent ten years as a clerk in the [[Ministry of the Navy (France)|Navy Department]]. During this time his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the [[Seine]] on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted as a kind of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home he met [[Émile Zola]] (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist [[Ivan Turgenev]] (1818–1883), as well as many of the proponents of the [[Literary realism|realist]] and [[naturalism (literature)|naturalist]] schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy—[[:fr:À la feuille de rose, maison turque|''À la feuille de rose, maison turque'']]—with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the [[Ministry of National Education (France)|Ministry of Public Instruction]] and became a contributing editor to several leading newspapers such as ''[[Le Figaro]]'', [[Gil Blas (periodical)|''Gil Blas'']], ''[[Le Gaulois]]'' and ''[[l'Écho de Paris]]''. He devoted his spare time to writing novels and short stories.

[[File:Cabinet de travail de Guy de Maupassant, par Gustave Fraipont.jpg|thumb|left|Maupassant's study, illustrated by [[Gustave Fraipont]] ]]
In 1880 he published what is considered his first masterpiece, "[[Boule de Suif]]", which met with instant and tremendous success. Flaubert characterized it as "a masterpiece that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short fiction set during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, was followed by short stories such as "[[Deux Amis]]", "[[Mother Savage]]", and [[Mademoiselle Fifi (short story)|"Mademoiselle Fifi"]].

"The fear that haunted his restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, I for one considered him then as a doomed man. I knew that the subtle poison of his own [[Boule de Suif]] had already begun its work of destruction in this magnificent brain. Did he know it himself? I often thought he did. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table between us, he had just read me a few chapters, the best thing he had ever written I thought. He was still producing with feverish haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, ether and drugs of all sorts. Women after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from all quarters ... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes—'le taureau triste' his friends used to call him."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Munthe |first=Axel |title=The story of San Michele |publisher=John Murray |year=1962 |pages=201}}</ref>

[[File:Guy de Maupassant à Rouen.jpg|thumb|right|Maupassant in the 1880s]]
The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the most fertile period of Maupassant's life. Made famous by his first short story, he worked methodically and produced two or sometimes four volumes annually. His talent and practical [[business acumen|business sense]] made him wealthy.

In 1881 he published his first volume of short stories under the title of ''La Maison Tellier''; it reached its twelfth edition within two years. In 1883 he finished his first novel, ''Une Vie'' (translated into English as ''A Woman's Life''), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a year.

"[[:fr:Le Lit 29|Bed 29]]", published in 1884, is a social and political satirical collection<ref>[https://www.letemps.ch/opinions/chroniques/chez-maupassant-virus-un-allie www.letemps.ch]</ref> of some of his best short stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even by modern standards.<ref>[https://www.librarything.com/work/998137 www.librarything.com]</ref>

His editor, Victor Havard, commissioned him to write more stories, and Maupassant continued to produce them efficiently and frequently. His second novel, ''[[Bel-Ami]]'', which came out in 1885, had thirty-seven printings in four months. Then, he wrote what many consider his greatest novel, ''[[Pierre et Jean]]'' (1888).

With a natural aversion to society, he loved retirement, solitude, and meditation. He traveled extensively in [[Algeria]], [[Italy]], England, [[Brittany]], [[Sicily]], and the [[Auvergne (province)|Auvergne]], and from each voyage brought back a new volume. He cruised on his private yacht ''Bel-Ami'', named after his novel. This life did not prevent him from making friends among the literary celebrities of his day: [[Alexandre Dumas, fils|Alexandre Dumas, ''fils'']] had a paternal affection for him; at [[Aix-les-Bains]] he met [[Hippolyte Taine]] (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the [[Edmond Louis Antoine Huot de Goncourt|Goncourts]] was of short duration; his frank and practical nature reacted against the ambiance of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and invidious criticism that the two brothers had created around them in the guise of an 18th-century style [[Salon (gathering)|salon]].

Maupassant was one of a fair number of 19th-century Parisians (including [[Charles Gounod]], [[Alexandre Dumas, fils|Alexandre Dumas, ''fils'']], and [[Charles Garnier (architect)|Charles Garnier]]) who did not care for the [[Eiffel Tower]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mariogagliardi.com/index.php?/archives/43-The-Tower-of-Babel-Gustave-Eiffel-and-the-creation-of-modernity.html|title=The Tower of Babel – ''Criticism of Eiffel Tower''|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013202211/http://mariogagliardi.com/index.php?%2Farchives%2F43-The-Tower-of-Babel-Gustave-Eiffel-and-the-creation-of-modernity.html|archive-date=13 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (erected 1887/89). He often ate lunch in the restaurant at its base, not out of preference for the food but because only there could he avoid seeing its otherwise unavoidable profile.<ref>Barthes, Roland. ''The Eiffel Tower and Other Mythologies''. Tr. Howard, Richard. Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-520-20982-4}}. Page 1.</ref> He and forty-six other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an elaborately irate letter of protest against the tower's construction, written to the Minister of Public Works, and published on 14 February 1887.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Loyrette |first1=Henri |author-link1=Henri Loyrette |year=1985 |title=Gustave Eiffel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uHlRAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Rizzoli |page=174 |isbn=978-0-8478-0631-7 |access-date=7 October 2022 |quote='We, writers, painters, sculptors, architects and passionate devotees of the hitherto untouched beauty of Paris, protest with all our strength, with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste, against the erection [...] of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower [...] To bring our arguments home, imagine for a moment a giddy, ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack, crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame, the Tour Saint-Jacques, the Louvre, the Dome of les Invalides, the Arc de Triomphe, all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream. And for twenty years [...] we shall see stretching like a blot of ink the hateful shadow of the hateful column of bolted sheet metal.'}}</ref>

Declining appointment to the [[Légion d'honneur]] and election to the [[Académie française]],<ref>[https://www.editions-allia.com/fr/auteur/175/guy-de-maupassant www.editions-allia.com]</ref> Maupassant also wrote under several [[pseudonym]]s, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed a constant desire for solitude, an obsession for self-preservation, and a fear of death and paranoia of persecution caused by the [[syphilis]] he had contracted in his youth. It has been suggested that his brother, Hervé, also suffered from syphilis and that the disease may have been congenital.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/highlights/000808_maupassant.shtml |title=Remembering Maupassant |agency=BBC World Service |date=2000-08-09 |access-date=2018-03-13}}</ref> On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried to take his own life by cutting his throat; he was committed to the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at [[Passy]], in Paris, where he died on 6 July 1893 from syphilis.

[[File:Guy de Maupassant par Marcellin Desboutin.jpg|thumb|left|Engraving of Maupassant by [[Marcellin Desboutin]]]]
Maupassant penned his own [[epitaph]]: "I have coveted everything and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Section 26 of the [[Montparnasse Cemetery]], Paris.

==Significance==
Maupassant is considered a father of the modern short story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with [[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]], Maupassant is the greatest master of the short story in world literature. He is not a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute the basis of human actions, although the influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many respects, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is often harsh and merciless when it comes to depicting human nature. He owes most to Flaubert, from whom he learned to use a concise and measured style and to establish a distance towards the object of narration."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Boundaries of Realism in World Literature|last=Kvas|first=Kornelije|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2019|isbn=978-1-7936-0910-6|location=Lanham, Boulder, New York, London|pages=131}}</ref> He delighted in clever plotting, and served as a model for [[Somerset Maugham]] and [[O. Henry]] in this respect. One of his famous short stories, "[[The Necklace]]", was imitated with a twist by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A String of Beads"). [[Henry James]]'s "[[Paste (story)|Paste]]" adapts another story of his with a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from [[Honoré de Balzac|Balzac]], Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-[[Literary realism|realist]] and [[fantasy|fantastic]] modes; stories and novels such as "L'Héritage" and ''Bel-Ami'' aim to recreate [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]] France in a realistic way, whereas many of the short stories (notably "[[Le Horla]]" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is often implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated by the burgeoning discipline of [[psychiatry]], and attended the public lectures of [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] between 1885 and 1886.<ref>Pierre Bayard, ''Maupassant, juste avant Freud'' (Paris: Minuit, 1998)</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Guy de Maupassant photo portrait young.jpg|thumb|Guy de Maupassant early in his career; by [[Alphonse Liébert]].]]
[[Leo Tolstoy]] used Maupassant as the subject for one of his essays on art: ''[[s:The Works of Guy de Maupassant|The Works of Guy de Maupassant]]''. His stories are second only to Shakespeare in their inspiration of movie adaptations with films ranging from ''[[Stagecoach (1939 film)|Stagecoach]]'', ''[[:fr:Oyuki la vierge|Oyuki the Virgin]]'' and ''[[Masculine Feminine]]''.<ref name="Richard Brody New Yorker">{{cite news|url= http://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/the-writer-who-sparks-the-finest-movie-adaptations|author = Richard Brody|author-link = Richard Brody|title=The Writer Who Sparks the Finest Movie Adaptations| date=26 October 2015|newspaper=[[The New Yorker]]| access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref>

[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]'s [[Ecce Homo (Nietzsche)|autobiography]] mentions him in the following text:

"I cannot at all conceive in which century of history one could haul together such inquisitive and at the same time delicate psychologists as one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as a sample – for their number is by no means small, ... or to pick out one of the stronger race, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Guy de Maupassant."

[[William Saroyan]] wrote a short story about Maupassant in his 1971 book, ''[[Letters from 74 rue Taitbout]] or Don't Go But If You Must Say Hello To Everybody''.

[[Isaac Babel]] wrote a short story about him, "Guy de Maupassant." It appears in ''The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel'' and in the story anthology ''You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories that Held Them in Awe.''

[[Gene Roddenberry]], in an early draft for ''[[The Questor Tapes]]'', wrote a scene in which the [[Android (robot)|android]] Questor employs Maupassant's theory that, "the human female will open her mind to a man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."<ref>[https://www.lumoslearning.com/llwp/passage/1763796/AN-UNCOMFORTABLE-BED.html www.lumoslearning.com]</ref> In the script Questor copulates with a woman to obtain information that she is reluctant to impart. Due to complaints from [[NBC]] executives, this scene was never filmed.<ref>[Quoted from the track "The Questor Affair" from the album ''[[Inside Star Trek]]''.]</ref>

[[Michel Drach]] directed and co-wrote a 1982 French [[biographical film]]: ''Guy de Maupassant''. [[Claude Brasseur]] stars as the titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, including [[La Peur (short story)|"La Peur"]] and "[[The Necklace]]", were adapted as episodes of the 1986 [[Indian television drama|Indian]] anthology television series ''[[Katha Sagar]]''. The French anthology television series ''[[Chez Maupassant]]'' ran for three seasons in 2007, 2008 and 2011, adapting 24 of Maupassant's stories to critical acclaim and high viewership.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Griffith |first1=Kate |last2=Watts |first2=Andrew |year=2013 |chapter=Chez Maupassant: The (In) Visible Space of Television Adaptation |title=Adapting Nineteenth-Century France: Literature in Film, Theatre, Television, Radio and Print |publisher=University of Wales Press |pages=143–171 |jstor=j.ctt9qhk6q.10 |isbn=978-0-7083-2594-0 }}</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{See also|Guy de Maupassant bibliography|List of short stories by Guy de Maupassant}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading==
* Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Fiction of Guy de Maupassant." ''CLA Journal'' 32.3 (1989): 323–334. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44322032 online]
* Bonnefis, Philippe. ''Comme Maupassant'' (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
* Dugan, John Raymond. ''Illusion and reality: a study of descriptive techniques in the works of Guy de Maupassant'' (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
* Fagley, Robert. ''Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy de Maupassant and André Gide'' (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) [http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9084/1/FagleyDissETD09.pdf online (PDF)].
* Harris, Trevor A. ''Le V. Maupassant in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in the Work of Guy de Maupassant'' (Springer, 1990).
* Lanoux, Armand. ''Maupassant le Bel-Ami'' (Fayard, 1967).
* Lerner, Michael G. ''Maupassant'' (George Allen & Unwin, 1975).
* Morand, Paul. ''Vie de Guy de Maupassant'' (Flammarion, 1942).
* Reda, Jacques. ''Album Maupassant'' (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
* Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Artist in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." ''The Russian Review'' 48.2 (1989): 171–180. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/130325 online]
* Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant and Hypnotism". ''Configurations'' 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding  both versions of his horror story "The Horla" (1886/87). [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/484092/pdf online]
* Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
* [[Francis Steegmuller|Steegmuller, Francis]]. ''Maupassant: A Lion in the Path'' (Random House, 1949); UK edition ''Maupassant'' (Collins, 1950).
* Stivale, Charles J. ''The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity in the tales of Guy de Maupassant'' (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
* Vial, André. ''Maupassant et l'art du roman'' (Nizet, 1954).

==External links==
{{wikiquote|Guy de Maupassant}}
{{commons}}
{{wikisource|works=or}}
{{EB1911 poster|Maupassant, Henri René Albert Guy de}}
*
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/guy-de-maupassant}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=306}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Guy de Maupassant}}
* [https://asnotedin.com/?action=person&id=P51419 Guy de Maupassant] timeline and stories at AsNotedIn.com
* [https://www.prosperosisle.org/spip.php?article960 Complete list of stories by Guy de Maupassant] at Prospero's Isle.com
* {{Librivox author |id=436}}
* [http://tsar.mcgill.ca/bibliographie/Guy_de_Maupassant Université McGill: le roman selon les romanciers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804044946/http://tsar.mcgill.ca/bibliographie/Guy_de_Maupassant |date=4 August 2021 }} Recensement et analyse des écrits non romanesques de Guy de Maupassant
* [http://www.online-literature.com/maupassant/ Works by Guy de Maupassant] at Online Literature (HTML)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171108142524/http://www.livres-et-ebooks.fr/auteur/Guy_de_Maupassant-445/ Works by Guy de Maupassant in Ebooks] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT253.HTM Works by Guy de Maupassant] (text, concordances and frequency list)
*[http://www.maupassantiana.fr Maupassantiana], a French scholar's website on Maupassant and his works
* {{Books and Writers |id=maupassa |name=Guy de Maupassant}}
* [http://athena.unige.ch/athena/selva/maupassant/maupassant.html Oeuvres de Maupassant, à Athena] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcKosjVZj_0 Guy de Maupassant's ''The Jewels'' audiobook with video at YouTube]
* [https://directory.libsyn.com/episode/index/show/backofthebookshelf/id/6545007 Guy de Maupassant's ''The Jewels'' audiobook at Libsyn]
* [https://chinesefilmclassics.org/the-pearl-necklace-1926/ ''The Pearl Necklace'' 一串珍珠] (Li Zeyuan, dir., 1926) - Chinese silent film adaptation of "The Necklace," with English subtitles

{{Guy de Maupassant}}
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{{Boule de Suif}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Maupassant, Guy De}}
[[Category:Guy de Maupassant]]
[[Category:1850 births]]
[[Category:1893 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Seine-Maritime]]
[[Category:Lycée Henri-IV alumni]]
[[Category:Lycée Pierre-Corneille alumni]]
[[Category:French untitled nobility]]
[[Category:French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War]]
[[Category:Writers from Normandy]]
[[Category:19th-century French novelists]]
[[Category:19th-century French short story writers]]
[[Category:French fantasy writers]]
[[Category:French horror writers]]
[[Category:French psychological fiction writers]]
[[Category:French male short story writers]]
[[Category:Legion of Honour refusals]]
[[Category:Weird fiction writers]]
[[Category:Deaths from syphilis]]
[[Category:Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery]]
[[Category:French satirical novelists]]