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{{Short description|District in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia}}
'''Gumer''' ([[Amharic]]: ጉመር) is one of the [[Districts of Ethiopia|woreda]]s in the [[Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region]] of [[Ethiopia]]. This woreda is named after one of the sub-groups of the [[Sebat Bet Gurage language|Sebat Bet]] [[Gurage people|Gurage]], the Gumer. Part of the [[Gurage Zone]], Gumer is bordered on the southeast by the [[Silt'e Zone]], on the southwest by [[Geta (woreda)|Geta]], on the northwest by [[Cheha]], and on the north by [[Ezha]]. Towns in Gumer include [[Arek'it]] and [[B'ole]]. Geta and [[Alicho Werero]] woredas were separated from Gumer.

Bodies of water in this woreda include [[Lake Arek'it]], after which the town was named.<ref name=gurage>[http://www.guragezone.gov.et/Tourisms/Tourisms.htm "Tourisms"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129020411/http://www.guragezone.gov.et/Tourisms/Tourisms.htm |date=2010-11-29 }}, Gurage Zone Government website (accessed 11 August 2009)</ref> Landmarks include [[Mugo Mountain]], which is now part of silte zone azernet berbere woreda mugo kebele, which has two mosques built in the early 19th century on its summit, and is covered with dense forests of indigenous trees which include native species of [[Ficus|fig]], [[Olea africana|African olive]], ''[[Afrocarpus gracilior]]'', [[Juniperus procera|African juniper]], and ''[[Cordia africana]]''.<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/02/02/000333038_20090202002613/Rendered/PDF/E20540VOL1030BOX0334124B01public1.pdf "Ethiopia - Road Sector Development Program and Fourth Adaptable Program Loan Project: environmental assessment (Vol. 3 of 3): Welkite - Hosaina Road Upgrading Project"], World Bank Report E3504, published 23 January 2009 (accessed 6 March 2009)</ref> The mountain also has strategic importance, having been used by the Italian army during the [[Italian East Africa|Italian occupation]] as a fortress. Mount Mugo is also the source of the Yo, Ayisechi and Balkech rivers.<ref name=gurage/> Gumer has 82 kilometers of all-weather roads and one kilometer of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 231 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.<ref>[http://www.snnprbofed.gov.et/Reports/Roads.xls " Detailed statistics on roads"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720151415/http://www.snnprbofed.gov.et/Reports/Roads.xls |date=2011-07-20 }}, SNNPR Bureau of Finance and Economic Development website (accessed 3 September 2009)</ref>

== Demographics ==
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this woreda has a total population of 80,178, of whom 37,495 are men and 42,683 women; 2,923 or 3.65% of its population are urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants were reported as [[Islam in Ethiopia|Muslim]], with 59.98% of the population reporting that belief, while 29.81% practiced [[Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity]], and 9.27% were [[P'ent'ay|Protestants]].<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=273&format=raw&Itemid=521 Census 2007 Tables: Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113220306/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=273&format=raw&Itemid=521 |date=2012-11-13 }}, Tables 2.1, and 3.4.</ref>

The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 240,500 of whom 111,740 were men and 128,760 were women; 2,574 or 1.07% of its population were urban dwellers. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Gumer were the Sebat Bet Gurage (58.17%), and the [[Silte people|Silte]] (41.22%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.61% of the population. [[Sebat Bet Gurage language|Sebat Bet Gurage]] was spoken as a first language by 42.94%, 32.99% [[Silte language|Silte]], and 0.55% spoke [[Amharic language|Amharic]]; the remaining 23.52% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were [[Islam in Ethiopia|Muslim]], with 80.35% of the population reporting that belief, while 16.15% practiced [[Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity]], 2.79% were [[P'ent'ay|Protestants]], and 0.62% [[Roman Catholicism in Ethiopia|Catholic]].<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%201994/survey0/data/docs%5Creport%5CStatistical_Report%5Ck07%5Ck07_partI.pdf ''1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region'', Vol. 1, part 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119232405/http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%201994/survey0/data/docs%5Creport%5CStatistical_Report%5Ck07%5Ck07_partI.pdf |date=2008-11-19 }}, Tables 2.1, 2.12, 2.15, 2.19 (accessed 30 December 2008). Table 2.15 identifies 56,314 (23.41%) of the inhabitants simply as "Others"; none of the remaining 5 ethnic groups identified by name report more than 71 members.</ref> Concerning [[Education in Ethiopia|education]], 20.06% of the population were considered literate, which is about the same as the Zone average of 20.62%; 13.24% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, 1.94% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and 4.19% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%201994/survey0/data/docs%5Creport%5CStatistical_Report%5Ck07%5Ck07_partII.pdf ''1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia'', Vol. 1, part 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119202355/http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%201994/survey0/data/docs%5Creport%5CStatistical_Report%5Ck07%5Ck07_partII.pdf |date=2008-11-19 }}, Tables 3.5, 3.7 (accessed 30 December 2008)</ref> Concerning [[Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia|sanitary conditions]], 38.14% of the urban houses and 9.41% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 18.98% of the urban and 7.54% of all houses had toilet facilities.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%201994/survey0/data/docs%5Creport%5CStatistical_Report%5Ck07%5Ck07_partIV.pdf ''1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia'', Vol. 1, part 4], Tables 6.11, 6.13 (accessed 30 December 2008)</ref>

== Notes ==
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{{Districts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region}}

[[Category:Districts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region]]