View source for Guffey Coal Act

{{Short description|US federal law passed in 1935}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
The '''Guffey-Snyder Coal Act''' was a law, officially known as the '''[[Bituminous Coal]] Conservation Act''' of 1935, passed in the United States in 1935 under [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] as part of his [[New Deal]]. It created the Bituminous Coal Commission to [[set the price]] of [[coal]] and<ref name=terwacvz /> end other unfair practices of competition.<ref name=terwacvz>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fofweb.com/History/HistRefMain.asp?iPin=E00140&SID=2&DatabaseName=American+History+Online&InputText=%22Jack+Johnson%22&SearchStyle=&dTitle=Guffey-Snyder+Bituminous+Coal+Stabilization+Act&TabRecordType=Historical+Document&BioCountPass=12&SubCountPass=16&DocCountPass=2&ImgCountPass=1&MapCountPass=0&FedCountPass=&MedCountPass=1&NewsCountPass=0&RecPosition=2&AmericanData=Set&WomenData=&AFHCData=&IndianData=&WorldData=&AncientData=&GovernmentData= |title=History Database Search - Guffey-Snyder Bituminous Coal Stabilization Act |access-date=2012-09-14 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305194400/http://www.fofweb.com/History/HistRefMain.asp?iPin=E00140&SID=2&DatabaseName=American+History+Online&InputText=%22Jack+Johnson%22&SearchStyle=&dTitle=Guffey-Snyder+Bituminous+Coal+Stabilization+Act&TabRecordType=Historical+Document&BioCountPass=12&SubCountPass=16&DocCountPass=2&ImgCountPass=1&MapCountPass=0&FedCountPass=&MedCountPass=1&NewsCountPass=0&RecPosition=2&AmericanData=Set&WomenData=&AFHCData=&IndianData=&WorldData=&AncientData=&GovernmentData= |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=ooonnoavzb>https://www.nber.org/chapters/c2882.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> The law also created the Bituminous Coal Labor Board to regulate maximum work hours and minimum wage<ref name=terwacvz /> but was later ruled to be [[unconstitutional]] in ''[[Carter v. Carter Coal Co.]]'' because the Supreme Court did not find the law's labor provisions to qualify as interstate commerce and therefore considered its actions beyond the jurisdiction of the federal government.

It was replaced in 1937 with the '''Guffey-Vinson Coal Act''', officially known as the Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1937, which was not ruled unconstitutional. The act resurrected the Bituminous Coal Commission and reinstated the provisions regarding price fixing and the regulation of unfair practices<ref name=terwacvz /> but removed the labor provisions of the previous act.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Bituminous_Coal_Act,_United_States|title = Search - the Encyclopedia of Earth}}</ref> In 1939, the Bituminous Coal Commission was abolished, and its duties were transferred to the US Department of the Interior.<ref>http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=15760&st=&st1=#axzz1o0Kd9BZW</ref>

The Act increased profits, wages, and union membership, and reduced strikes. However, it faced opposition from businesses, republicans and conservatives for too much government interference in business, many felt it was a socialist policy. Conservatives feared it would set a precedent for regulation to affect other industries and thus questioned if it was constitutional. Large consumers of coal also argued it would unreasonably increase prices, and operators from the south and west said it discriminated against low-wage and non-union mines.

==See also==
*[[Joseph F. Guffey]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
5.  https://www.encyclopedia.com/economics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/guffey-snyder-act-1935

==Further reading==
* James P. Johnson. ''A "New Deal" for soft coal: the attempted revitalization of the bituminous coal industry under the New Deal'' (1979)
{{New Deal}}

[[Category:New Deal legislation]]
[[Category:1935 in American law]]
[[Category:Coal mining in the United States]]
[[Category:Coal mining law]]
[[Category:United States federal labor legislation]]
[[Category:United States federal energy legislation]]


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