View source for Grumman S-2 Tracker

{{Short description|Family of carrier-borne anti-submarine and maritime patrol aircraft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= S2F/S-2 Tracker
 |image=File:S-2E VS-29 CVS-33.jpg
 |caption=An S-2E from VS-29
 |type= [[Anti-submarine warfare]] aircraft
 |national_origin = United States
 |manufacturer=[[Grumman]]
 |designer=
 |first_flight=4 December 1952
 |introduction=February 1954
 |produced=<!--years in production, if still in active use but no longer built-->
 |retired=
 |status=Active service in [[Argentine Naval Aviation]]
 |primary_user=[[United States Navy]] (historical)<!--Limit one (1) primary user.-->
 |more_users=<!-- Limited to three more -->[[Royal Canadian Navy]] (historical)<br />[[Royal Australian Navy]] (historical)<br />[[Argentine Navy]]
 |number_built=1,284
 |developed_from= 
 |variants = [[Conair Firecat]]
 |developed_into= [[Grumman C-1 Trader]]<br />[[Grumman E-1 Tracer]]
}}

The '''Grumman S-2 Tracker''' ('''S2F''' prior to 1962) is the first purpose-built, single airframe [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) [[aircraft]] to enter service with the [[United States Navy]]. Designed and initially built by [[Grumman]], the Tracker was of conventional design&nbsp;— propeller-driven with twin radial engines, a high wing that could be folded for storage on aircraft carriers, and tricycle undercarriage. The type was exported to a number of navies around the world. Introduced in 1952, the Tracker and its [[Grumman E-1 Tracer|E-1 Tracer]] derivative saw service in the U.S. Navy until the mid-1970s, and its [[Grumman C-1 Trader|C-1 Trader]] derivative until the mid-1980s, with a few aircraft remaining in service with other air arms into the 21st century. [[Argentina]] is the last country to still operate the Tracker.

==Design and development==
[[File:Grumman Tracker starboard wing fold mechanism.JPG|thumb|Starboard wing root and fold mechanism (note: wing removed)]]

The Tracker was intended as a replacement for the [[Grumman AF Guardian]],<ref name="grmmp351">Francillon 1989, p. 351</ref> which was the first purpose-built aircraft system for [[anti-submarine warfare]]. The Guardian operated in two aircraft "hunter-killer" pairs, with one aircraft (the AF2-W) carrying the detection gear to find the submarine and to direct the second aircraft, the AF-2S, which carried weapons to attack and destroy the submarine.<ref name="Sullp4">Sullivan 1990, p. 4</ref> The Tracker combined both functions in one aircraft, saving deck space aboard carriers and making for more efficient operations.<ref name="grmmp351"/> Grumman's design (model G-89) was for a large high-wing [[monoplane]] with twin [[Wright Cyclone]] R-1820 nine cylinder [[radial engine]]s, a yoke type arrestor hook and a crew of four. Both the two XS2F-1 prototypes and 15 S2F-1 production aircraft were ordered at the same time, on 30 June 1950. The first flight was conducted on 4 December 1952, and production aircraft entered service with VS-26, in February 1954.

Follow-on versions included the WF Tracer and TF Trader, which became the [[Grumman E-1 Tracer]] and [[Grumman C-1 Trader]] in the tri-service designation standardization of 1962. The S-2 carried the nickname "Stoof" (S-two-F) throughout its military career; and the E-1 Tracer variant with the large overhead radome was colloquially called the "stoof with a roof.".<ref name="Proceedings">O'Rourke, G.G., Captain USN. "Of Hosenoses, Stoofs, and Lefthanded Spads". ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'', July 1968.</ref>

Grumman produced 1,185 Trackers and another 99 aircraft carrying the CS2F designation were manufactured in Canada under license by [[de Havilland Canada]]. U.S.-built versions of the Tracker were sold to various nations, including Australia, Japan, Turkey and [[Republic of China|Taiwan]].

===Sensors and armament===
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2013}}
[[File:USS Lexington (CV-16), January 1963, S-2 Tracker on cat.jpg|thumb|U.S. Navy S-2 ''Tracker'' on the port catapult of {{USS|Lexington|CV-16|6}} ready for take-off, 22 January 1963]]
The Tracker had an internal [[Aerial torpedo|torpedo]] bay capable of carrying two lightweight aerial torpedoes or one [[Nuclear depth bomb|nuclear depth charge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.s2tracker.com/Tracker%20page.htm|title=Grumman S-2 Tracker|work=s2tracker.com|access-date=19 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514222909/http://www.s2tracker.com/Tracker%20page.htm|archive-date=14 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>  There were six underwing hard points for [[Rocket launcher|rocket pods]] and conventional [[depth charge]]s or up to four additional torpedoes.  A ventrally-mounted retractable [[radome]] for AN/APS-38 radar and a [[Magnetic anomaly detector|Magnetic Anomaly Detector]] (MAD) AN/ASQ-8 mounted on an extendable rear mounted boom were also fitted.  Early model Trackers had an [[Electronic warfare support measures|Electronic Support Measures]] (ESM) pod mounted dorsally just aft of the front seat overhead hatches and were also fitted with a smoke particle detector or "[[Autolycus (submarine detector)|sniffer]]" for detecting exhaust particles from [[Submarine|diesel-electric submarines]] running on [[Submarine snorkel|snorkel]].<ref>{{cite web | title = RAN Aircraft Hoisting – Changing Techniques | publisher = Naval Historical Society of Australia | date = September 2000 | author = Vickridge, G.L.W., Lieutenant, RANR | work = Naval Historical Review | url = https://www.navyhistory.org.au/ran-aircraft-hoisting-changing-techniques/2/ | access-date = 1 September 2017}}</ref>  Later S-2s had the sniffer removed and had the ESM antennae moved to four rounded extensions on the wingtips. A 70-million-candlepower [[searchlight]] was mounted on the starboard wing. The engine nacelles carried JEZEBEL [[sonobuoy]]s in the rear (16 in early marks, 32 in the S-2E/G).  Early Trackers also carried 60 explosive charges, dispensed ventrally from the rear of the fuselage and used to create sound pulses for semi-active sonar (JULIE) with the AN/AQA-3 and later AQA-4 detection sets, whereas the introduction of active sonobuoys (pingers) and AN/AQA-7 with the S-2G conversion saw these removed. Smoke dispensers were mounted on the port ventral surface of the nacelles in groups of three each.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.warbirdalley.com/c1.htm |title=Grumman C-1 Trader / S-2 Tracker |publisher=Warbird Alley |date=1952-12-04 |access-date=2013-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.s2ftracker.com/TrackerHistory.htm |title=Tracker History |publisher=S2ftracker.com |date=1952-12-04 |access-date=2013-07-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019221541/http://s2ftracker.com/TrackerHistory.htm |archive-date=19 October 2013  }}</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Grumman TS-2A 133264 VT-28 MIA 18.07.76 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|A TS-2A aircrew training version of the Tracker in 1976]]

The Tracker was eventually superseded in U.S. military service by the [[Lockheed S-3 Viking]]; the last USN Tracker operational squadron (VS-37 with S-2G models) was disestablished in 1976. The last Navy S-2 was withdrawn from service on 29 August 1976.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010621174759/http://www.history.navy.mil/avh-1910/PART10.PDF "The Seventies."] ''history.navy.mil''. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</ref> For many years the TS-2A version of the Tracker was used by U.S. Navy training units, culminating with its use by [[VT-27|Training Squadron 27]] ([[VT-27]]),  [[VT-28|Training Squadron 28]] ([[VT-28]]) and [[VT-31|Training Squadron 31]] ([[VT-31]]) for Student [[Naval Aviator]] training in the multi-engine pipeline with Training Air Wing FOUR (TRAWING 4) at [[Naval Air Station Corpus Christi]], Texas.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

A number of Trackers live on as [[Aerial firefighting|firefighting aircraft]] while the design also continued to provide excellent service with the naval forces of other countries for years after the U.S. retired them. For example, the [[Royal Australian Navy]] continued to use Trackers as front line ASW assets until the mid-1980s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grumman S-2E/G Tracker |website=Royal Australian Navy |url=https://www.navy.gov.au/aircraft/grumman-s-2eg-tracker |access-date=6 July 2022}}</ref>

===Argentina===
[[File:S2T2AS21COAN.jpg|thumb|[[Argentina|Argentine]] S-2T Turbo Tracker in hangar with wings folded.]]

[[Argentine Naval Aviation]] received seven S-2As in 1962, six S-2Es in 1978, and three S-2Gs in the 1990s.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} They were operated from both aircraft carriers, {{ship|ARA|Independencia|V-1|6}} and {{ship|ARA|Veinticinco de Mayo|V-2|6}}, and used in the [[carrier onboard delivery]] (COD) (US-2A conversions,<ref>Jackson, David D. [http://www.s2ftracker.com/argentinatrackers.htm "Grumman S2F / S-2 Trackers in service with the Argentina Navy."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019141822/http://s2ftracker.com/argentinatrackers.htm |date=19 October 2013 }} ''Surviving Grumman S2F Tracker Information Repository'', 2010. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</ref>) maritime patrol, and ASW roles. They were extensively used in the 1982 [[Falklands War]], first from  ''Veinticinco de Mayo'', from where they detected the British task force, and then from the mainland<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190507/http://www.institutoaeronaval.org/Malvinas/Malvinas/Escuadrilla-Aeronaval-Antisubmarina.html "Escuadrilla Aeronaval Antisubmarina." (in Spanish)]}} ''institutoaeronaval.org''. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</ref> when the carrier returned to port after the sinking of the cruiser {{ship|ARA|General Belgrano}}. In the 1990s, six remaining airframes were refurbished by [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] with [[turboprop]] engines as S-2T Turbo Trackers.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} {{As of| 2010|post=,}} with the retirement of Argentina's only aircraft carrier, the Trackers were annually deployed on board [[Brazilian Navy]] aircraft carrier {{ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|São Paulo|A12|2}} during joint exercises ARAEX and TEMPEREX.{{Verify source|date=June 2012}}<!-- Brazil may have bought these subsequently; see below --><ref>[http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Armada%20Argentina/AviacionNaval/AS-Tracker.htm "Pictorial and historical data {{in lang|es}}."] ''histarmar.com.ar''. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</ref> and with U.S. Navy aircraft carriers during [[Gringo-Gaucho]] maneuvers.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHB6kqaG3I0 "S-2 video."] ''youtube.com''. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</ref>{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} {{As of|2023|post=,}} at least one S-2T was reported still operational in the maritime surveillance role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/4337896/530-dias-solo-158-navegacion-52-horas-vuelo|title=La Armada Argentina contabiliza en año y medio solo 158 días de navegación y 52 horas de vuelo |website=Infodefensa.com |last=Mary |first=Gonzalo |date=20 June 2023 |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/4418248/cooperacion-regional-accion-ejercicios-combinados-armada-argentina |title=Cooperación regional en acción: ejercicios combinados de la Armada Argentina |website=infodefensa.com |language=es |last=Gonzalo |first=Mary |date=9 September 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023}}</ref>

===Australia===
{{main|Grumman S-2 Tracker in Australian service}}
[[File:845-into-the-chocks.jpg|thumb|Australian Tracker ''845'' "in the chocks" prepares to launch from HMAS ''Melbourne'', 1980]]

Between 1967 and 1984 the [[Royal Australian Navy]] operated two Squadrons of S-2E and S-2G variants, based at [[Naval air station|NAS]] [[Nowra]] ({{HMAS|Albatross|air station|6}}).<ref name="gillett">Gillett 1987, p. 206.</ref> These aircraft served with the RAN's [[816 Squadron RAN|816 Squadron]], which embarked aboard the {{sclass|Majestic|aircraft carrier}} {{HMAS|Melbourne|R21|6}} as part of the 21st Carrier Air Group whenever that ship was deployed; and with [[851 Squadron RAN|851 Squadron]], the S-2 training squadron.<ref name="gillett"/>

Australia initially acquired 14 S-2Es.<ref name=RAN>{{cite web |title=Grumman S-2E/G Tracker |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |url=https://www.navy.gov.au/aircraft/grumman-s-2eg-tracker |access-date=27 Feb 2010}}</ref>  During approximately 17 years of operation of the Tracker, the RAN lost only one S-2 during aircraft operations due to an accident at sea on 10 February 1975.<ref name="gillett"/> However, on 4 December 1976, a deliberately lit fire in a hangar at Nowra destroyed or badly damaged a large proportion of the RAN's complement of Trackers.<ref name="gillett"/>  Of the 14 original aircraft, one was away from Nowra undergoing maintenance at the time of the fire and three aircraft were damaged but only two of these were repaired.  The destroyed aircraft were subsequently replaced with 16 ex-USN aircraft.<ref name=RAN/><ref name="gillett"/> The replacement aircraft were all S-2Gs,<ref name="gillett"/> including the original aircraft modified by the USN to that status.<ref name="francillon">Francillon 1989, p. 367.</ref> This saw the introduction of AQA-7 acoustic gear into RAN service and all RAN operational Trackers were subsequently modified to this standard.

===Brazil===
The Brazilian Air Force flew Trackers from the aircraft carrier NAeL {{ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|Minas Gerais||2}}. Both the S-2A and S-2E were used (respectively as P-16A and P-16E). At the end of its service in Brazilian Air Force, one S-2T Turbo Tracker was evaluated as a possible upgrade, but due high costs the program was canceled. However, in 2010 the Brazilian Navy contracted [[Marsh Aviation]] to convert four S-2Ts<ref>{{citation | url = http://defense-update.com/20141223_brazils_turbo_traders.html | title = Resurrected US Navy Traders to serve on Brazilian aircraft carrier | publisher = www.defense-update.com | date = 23 December 2014}}</ref> to [[Airborne Early Warning and Control|Airborne Early Warning]] configuration and upgrade four additional [[Grumman C-1 Trader]]s for tanking and carrier onboard delivery transport duties. The latter were scheduled to be back in service by 2015 and were expected to operate from the successor of ''Minas Gerais'', [[Brazilian aircraft carrier São Paulo (A12)|NAe ''São Paulo'']].<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-traders-set-for-modernisation-365929/ "Brazilian Traders set for modernisation."] ''flightglobal.com, 14 December 2011'' Retrieved: 23 December 2011</ref> Following the bankruptcy of Marsh Aviation in 2009 the program suffered delays and the upgrade of the airframes was resumed in partnership with [[Elbit Systems]]'s subsidiary, [[M7 Aerospace]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brazilian Navy restarts KC-2 Turbo Trader contract |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-navy-restarts-kc-2-turbo-trader-contract-406169/ |website=Flight Global |access-date=10 September 2019 |date=17 November 2014}}</ref> The decommissioning of the São Paulo in 2017 means that the Brazilian Navy does not have an immediate need for carrier-based tankers, transports and AEW aircraft, however the navy proceeded with procurement and the delivery of four tanker aircraft are expected by 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Host |first1=Pat |title=LAAD 2019: Elbit Systems of America targets debut Brazil KC-2 flight |url=https://www.janes.com/article/87691/laad-2019-elbit-systems-of-america-targets-debut-brazil-kc-2-flight |website=Jane's |access-date=10 September 2019 |date=4 April 2019}}</ref>

As noted under [[#Argentina|Argentina]] above, Trackers of that country have been flown from the  ''São Paulo'' until its decommissioning in early 2017.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Canada===
[[File:TrackerWingFolding01.JPG|thumb|[[Canadian Forces]] CP-121 Tracker from VU-33 folds its wings while taxiing at [[CFB Moose Jaw]] in 1982]]

In 1954, de Havilland Canada (DHC) entered into a contract to build 100 Trackers under license to replace the outmoded [[Grumman TBF Avenger|Grumman TBM-3E Avengers]] being used by the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] (RCN). 99 Trackers were actually built by DHC, with the first Canadian-built aircraft flying on 31 May 1956. From 1957 onwards, these aircraft operated from the newly deployed aircraft carrier {{HMCS|Bonaventure|CVL 22|6}} and various shore bases.<ref name="ai488 p180-2">Cummings 1988, pp. 180–182.</ref> All the Canadian Trackers were built to the earlier "A" model airframe design with a length of {{convert|42|ft|m}}<ref name="Taylor1987">Taylor 1987</ref> (cf. {{convert|43|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} for later model Trackers) in order to fit in ''Bonaventure''{{'}}s hangar.<ref>[http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/v2/equip/hst/tracker-eng.asp "de Haviland Grumman CP-121 Tracker."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205231250/http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/v2/equip/hst/tracker-eng.asp |date=5 December 2010 }} ''airforce.forces.gc.ca.'' Retrieved: 19 November 2012.</ref> In 1960–1961, 17 CS2F-1 aircraft, which had been relegated to training and utility duties by the CS2F-2, were transferred to the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]. From 1964, 45 CS2F-2s were upgraded by fitting revised electronic equipment and sensors, becoming CS2F-3s. Also in 1964, a pair of CS2F-1 aircraft were stripped of armament and ASW electronics, converted to transports, and subsequently used for carrier onboard delivery.<ref name="ai488 p182">Cummings 1988, p. 182.</ref> The CS2F-1, -2, and -3 were redesignated as the CP-121 Mk.1, Mk. 2, and Mk. 3 respectively following the [[Canadian Forces|unification of Canadian forces]] in 1968.

After ''Bonaventure'' was decommissioned in 1970, all remaining Canadian Trackers were transferred to shore bases. This limited their usefulness for ASW patrols, and between 1974 and 1981 gradually all but 20 were placed in storage and the remainder were stripped of their ASW gear. The remaining active-duty Trackers served until 1990 on [[fisheries]] protection and maritime patrol duties. A handful of Trackers were kept in flying condition until the late 1990s but were no longer used for active service.<ref name="ShearwaterAvMus"/><ref name="CanadaAvMus">Tate, Colonel D.H. [http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/pdf/Grumman_CS2F-CP121_Tracker.pdf "Grumman CS2F / CP-121 Tracker."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031032458/http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/pdf/Grumman_CS2F-CP121_Tracker.pdf |date=31 October 2007 }} ''Canada Aviation and Space Museum''. Retrieved: 22 March 2009.</ref>

DHC purchased a single U.S.-built S2F-1 from Grumman for testing avionics and anti-submarine systems and also for evaluating Engineering Change Proposals created by Grumman; it was initially given RCN serial number ''1500'' and counted as one of the 100 contracted airframes. In 1954, this aircraft was transferred to the RCN  for operational testing, and assigned the test code ''X-500''. In 1956, it was upgraded to CS2F-1 standards and assigned serial number ''1501;'' it was last used as a stationary instructional airframe at [[CFB Shearwater|Shearwater]] until 1972.<ref name="ShearwaterAvMus">{{cite web|title= Grumman CS2F/CP 121 Tracker |url= http://www.shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca/exhibits/tracker.htm |work= Shearwater Aviation Museum |accessdate= 11 April 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220411115957/http://www.shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca/exhibits/tracker.htm|archive-date= 11 April 2022|url-status=dead }}</ref> It is not known whether this aircraft was ever assigned a U.S. Navy [[United States military aircraft serials#United States Navy and Marine Corps|bureau number]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.joebaugher.com/navy_serials/thirdseries16.html |title=US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos, Third Series (135774 to 140052) |last=Baugher |first=Joe |date=7 August 2023 |website=joebaugher.com |access-date=1 July 2024}}</ref>

===Japan===
[[File:S2F-1.jpg|thumb|[[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] S2F-1 at [[Kanoya Air Base]]]]

The [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] received 60 S2F-1s<ref>[http://www.s2tracker.com/Tracker%20page.htm Grumman S-2 Tracker - History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514222909/http://www.s2tracker.com/Tracker%20page.htm |date=14 May 2011 }} Retrieved 29 August 2016</ref> in 1957 from U.S. stocks, and they were operated until 1984. After being received, six S2F-1s were reconfigured into four S2F-U and two S2F-C variants. The S2F-1 was nicknamed ''Aotaka (あおたか, Blue Hawk)''. They were replaced by the [[Lockheed P-3 Orion]].<ref name="operators">[http://home.planet.nl/~roden171/operatorse.html S-2 Website: Operators in past and present] Retrieved 29 August 2016</ref>

===Netherlands===
[[File:Het Grumman S2F-1 (S-2A) Tracker onderzeebootbestrijdingsvliegtuig 154 met opgeklapte vleugels (2097 045 078203).jpg|thumb|Dutch Grumman S2F-1 (S-2A) Tracker with wings folded.]]

The [[Netherlands Naval Aviation Service]] (Marineluchtvaartdienst - MLD), the air arm of the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]], received 28<ref name="aeroflight.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/neth/mld/types/trackerS-2.htm |title=Netherlands Naval Aviation Service |publisher=Aeroflight.co.uk |access-date=2013-07-26}}</ref> S-2A (S2F-1) aircraft under MDAP from the US Navy in 1960.  An additional 17<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/neth/mld/types/trackerCS-2.htm |title=Netherlands Naval Aviation Service |publisher=Aeroflight.co.uk |access-date=2013-07-26}}</ref> Canadian-built CS-2A (CS2F-1) aircraft formerly operated by the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] were delivered between December 1960 and September 1961 after being overhauled by Fairey Canada. These aircraft were operated from [[Valkenburg Naval Air Base]] as well as from the light aircraft carrier {{HNLMS|Karel Doorman|R81|2}} until a fire in 1968 took that ship out of Dutch service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.steelnavy.com/KDoorman.htm |title=KDoorman |publisher=Steelnavy.com |access-date=2013-07-26}}</ref>

A total of 18 aircraft were converted to S-2N (for Netherlands) standard by Fairey Canada in 1968–1970 for ASW and MR use with 1 Sqn (at [[Hato International Airport]]), of which four were converted to US-2N trainer/transport standards in May 1971. Most of the de Havilland Canada-built CS-2As were scrapped by 1970 or used for ground instruction. The last Tracker in MLD service was withdrawn in January 1976, with some transferred to the Turkish Navy.<ref name="aeroflight.co.uk"/>

===Peru===
[[File:Escuadron12.jpg|thumb|Peruvian Navy S-2E Trackers]]

The [[Peruvian Navy]] operated with S-2E and S-2G from 1975 until 1989, they were assigned to Naval Aviation Squadron N°12 (Escuadron Aeronaval N°12). A total of 12 S-2Es were bought from the U.S. Navy in 1975 and 4 S-2G in 1983.

===Taiwan===
The Republic of China Air Force initially operated the S-2A in 1967. In 1976, they received S-2Es. The S-2As were later converted into target aircraft and later decommissioned in batches from 1979 to 1992. In 1986, several S-2Gs were purchased to make up for attrition. A modernization program began the same year, converting the remaining S-2E/G to a military S-2T configuration. The conversion involved the installation of two [[Garrett AiResearch TPE331|Garrett/Honeywell TPE-331-15AW]] turboprop engines, each rated at 1,227&nbsp;kW (1,645 shp), with four-blade propellers This resulted in a payload increase of 500&nbsp;kg. The upgrade also included new mission equipment of AN/AQS-92F digital sonobuoy processor, A/NARR-84 99-channel sonobuoy receiver, Litton AN/APS-504 radar, AN/ASQ-504 MAD and AN/AAS-40 FLIR.<ref>[http://www.taiwanairpower.org/navy/s2t.html "Northrop Grumman S-2T Turbo Tracker."] ''taiwanairpower.org,'' 19 October 2008. Retrieved: 22 September 2010.</ref>

The 27 S-2Ts upgraded were transferred to the ROCN Aviation Command on 1 July 1999. In 2013, the S-2s were transferred back into ROCAF service. In May 2017, all S-2Ts were withdrawn from active service.

===Turkey===
[[File:S-2 Tracker at Istanbul 5408.jpg|thumb|S-2E Tracker in the [[Istanbul Aviation Museum]] ]]

The [[Turkish Navy]] received a number of ex-U.S. Navy S-2E Trackers under the MAP program and operated them from the Cengiz Topel Naval Air Base starting in the 1960s. These were later supplemented by retired S-2A (or S-2N as called by the Dutch) airframes from Netherlands. Turkish Trackers were retired in 1994 after a series of accidents caused by the advanced age and fatigue of the airframes.<ref>[http://artofabandonment.com/2013/12/the-airplane-graveyard-the-complete-story/ The Airplane Graveyard - The Complete Story] Retrieved 30 August 2016</ref><ref name="operators"/>

===Uruguay===
[[File:Grumman S-2G.jpg|thumb|Uruguayan Naval Aviation Grumman S-2G Tracker (G-121)]]

The [[Uruguayan Navy]] received the first three S-2A Trackers on 10 April 1965 at the Capitan Curbelo Navy Base. On 15 September 1982, one S-2G arrived. On 2 February 1983, another two S-2Gs arrived. By September 2004, the remaining Uruguayan Trackers were not in flight condition.<ref>Jackson, David D. [http://www.s2ftracker.com/uruguaytrackers.htm "Uruguay Museum or Outside Display S2F / S-2 Grumman Trackers."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029175425/http://www.s2ftracker.com/uruguaytrackers.htm |date=29 October 2010 }} ''Surviving Grumman S2F Tracker Information Repository,'' 2010. Retrieved: 23 August 2010.</ref>

===Civilian use===
From the late 1970s until the mid-1990s [[Conair Group|Conair Aviation]] of [[Abbotsford, British Columbia]], Canada took possession of retired Canadian and U.S. Trackers and converted them into '''Firecats''', with a four-door fire retardant tank replacing the weapons bay and adjacent mid-fuselage section. Firecats were made in two variants: the piston-engined Firecat and the turboprop-powered Turbo Firecat.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

In 1958, [[California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection|CAL FIRE]], then CDF, contracted with a private air tanker service for the use of their converted World War II aircraft. By 1970 the department began to evaluate the use of former military Grumman S-2 aircraft. Over the next ten years CAL FIRE continued to build up its fleet of S-2A air tankers and in 1987, CAL FIRE began the process of converting their piston engines to turboprop. By 2005 all of CAL FIRE's airtanker fleet had been converted to S-2T air tankers.<ref>"Firefighting Aircraft Recognition Guide." Firefighting Aircraft (n.d.): 1. http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Aviation_Firefighting_webbooklet.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127173547/http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Aviation_Firefighting_webbooklet.pdf |date=27 January 2015 }}. Cal. Fire. Web. 8 October 2014.</ref>

==== Turkey ====
The Tracker was considered for Turkey's firefighting aircraft project.<ref name=":2"/> The project, which began in the late 1990s, never went beyond the conversion of a single prototype.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=Fire Boss - Türkiye's S-2 Tracker Aerial Firefighter |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2023/01/fire-boss-turkiyes-s-2-tracker-aerial.html |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Oryx}}</ref> The Turkish Navy had retired its entire Tracker fleet 1994, so these aircraft were readily available for modification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TPE331 Turboprop Engine |url=https://aerospace.honeywell.com/us/en/products-and-services/product/hardware-and-systems/engines/tpe331-turboprop-engine |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=aerospace.honeywell.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Turkish Aerospace Industries]] (TAI) undertook a study in 1997 to investigate if it was possible to convert any of these S-2Es for firefighting.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Turkey S2F Trackers |url=https://www.grummantracker.com/turkeytrackers.htm |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.grummantracker.com}}</ref> After re-engining with [[Honeywell TPE331]] turboprop engines, at a cost of about $3 million per aircraft, it was expected to provide at least twenty years of service.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Reklam Engelliyici |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/reklam-engelleyici |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.sozcu.com.tr |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513144546/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/reklam-engelleyici |url-status=dead }}</ref>

TAI ordered an S-2T Turbo Tracker upgrade kit for conversion of one of the S-2Es.<ref name=":2" /> Following its conversion in 1999, the aircraft was used during the 1999 Antalya wildfires and the [[Tüpraş Izmit Oil Refinery]] fire, started after the [[1999 İzmit earthquake]].<ref name=":0" /> Although up to fifteen aircraft were intended to be converted, the project was cancelled in 2002 for unclear reasons.<ref name=":2" /> TAI's Flight Test Engineering Group flew the lone converted aircraft as a testbed for new technology until the mid-2010s.<ref name=":0" />

==Variants==
[[File:S2F-1 armed HVAR NAN5-54.jpg|thumb|An early S2F-1 in 1954]]
[[File:S2F-1production line Bethpage NAN7-56.jpg|thumb|S2F production line in 1956]]

;XS2F-1
:Two prototype anti-submarine warfare aircraft powered by 1,450 hp R-1820-76WA engines.
;YS2F-1
:Designation of the first 15 production aircraft used for development, redesignated YS-2A in 1962.
;S2F-1
:Initial production variant with two 1,525 hp R-1820-82WA engines, re-designated S-2A in 1962, 740 built.
;S2F-1T
:Trainer conversion of S2F-1, redesignated TS-2A in 1962.
;S2F-1U
:Utility conversion of S2F-1, redesignated US-2A in 1962.
;S2F-1S
:S2F-1 conversion with Julie/[[AQA-3 Jezebel|Jezebel]] detection equipment, redesignated S-2B in 1962. Survivors converted to US-2B after removal of ASW gear.
;S2F-1S1
:S2F-1S fitted with updated Julie/Jezebel equipment, redesignated S-2F in 1962.
;S2F-2
:As S2F-1 with asymmetrical (port-side) extension of bomb bay, slightly enlarged tail surfaces, 77 built, most redesignated S-2C in 1962.
;S2F-2P
:Photo reconnaissance conversion of S2F-2, redesignated RS-2C in 1962.
;S2F-2U
:Utility conversion of S2F-2/S-2C, redesignated US-2C in 1962. Some were used as target tugs.
;S2F-3
:Enlarged forward fuselage, enlarged tail surfaces, additional fuel capacity, and enlarged engine nacelles bays for 32 sonobuoys, redesignated S-2D in 1962, 100 built.
;S2F-3S
:As S2F-3 but with Julie/Jezebel equipment, redesignated S-2E in 1962, 252 built.
;YS-2A
:YS2F-1 redesignated in 1962.
;S-2A
:S2F-1 redesignated in 1962.
;TS-2A
:S2F-1T training version redesignated in 1962 and 207 conversion from S-2A.
;US-2A
:S-2A converted as light transports/target tugs, 51 conversions.
;S-2B
:S2F-1S redesignated in 1962.
;US-2B
:Utility and target tug conversions of S-2A and S-2B; most S-2Bs were converted and 66 S-2As.
;S-2C
:S2F-2 redesignated in 1962.
;RS-2C
:S2F-2P photo-reconnaissance version redesignated in 1962.
;US-2C
:S2F-2U utility version redesignated in 1962.
[[File:US-2F Tracker VC-3 in flight.jpg|thumb|A US-2C of VC-3.]]
;S-2D
:S2F-3 redesignated in 1962.
;YAS-2D/AS-2D
:Proposed self-contained night attack aircraft to be developed under [[Operation Shed Light#Aircraft and tactics|Operation Shed Light]]; none produced.
;ES-2D
:Electronic trainer conversion of the S-2D.
;US-2S
:Utility conversion of the S-2D.
;S-2E
:S2F-3S redesignated in 1962.
;S-2F
:S2F-1S1 redesignated in 1962.
;US-2F
:Transport conversion of S-2F.

[[File:S-2G and S-3A in flight 1976.jpg|thumb|The final S-2G with its S-3A replacement in 1976]]

;S-2G
:S-2E conversions with updated electronics (primarily AN/AQA-7 DIFAR sonobuoy processor and AN/ARR-75 sonobuoy receiver)
;CS2F-1
:Initial production run of anti-submarine warfare aircraft for [[Canada]] based on S2F-1. A total of 42 built by [[De Havilland Canada]].<ref name="ShearwaterAvMus" />
;CS2F-2
:Improved version of CS2F-1 with [[Litton Industries]] tactical navigation equipment. A total of 57 were built by De Havilland Canada.<ref name="ShearwaterAvMus" />
;CS2F-3
:New designation given to 43 CS2F-2 aircraft upgraded with additional electronics.
;CP-121
:New designation given to all CS2F-1, -2, and -3 aircraft following [[Canadian Armed Forces|unification of Canadian military]] in 1968.
;P-16A
:[[Brazilian Air Force]] designation of the S-2A.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Brazilian Military Aircraft Designations |url=https://designation-systems.net/non-us/brazil.html |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=designation-systems.net}}</ref>
;P-16E
:Brazilian Air Force designation of the S-2E.<ref name=":3" />
;UP-16
:Brazilian Air Force designation for a utility variant of the S-2.<ref name=":3" />

=== Turbo Tracker ===
;Military S-2T Turbo Tracker For Argentina
:Upgraded S-2E with new engines and military equipment by IAI in the 1990s for the Argentine Navy. 6 upgraded.
;Military S-2T Turbo Tracker For Taiwan
:Upgraded S-2E/S-2G with new engines and military equipment by Grumman from 1986 to 1992 for the ROC Air Force. 27 upgraded.
;S-2T Turbo Tracker
:Civil conversion
;S-2AT
:Civil firefighter conversion with turboprop engines.
;S-2ET
[[File:Fox-firebase-cdf-s2t-N436DF-070904-08-24.jpg|thumb|[[CDF Aviation Management Program|CDF]] S-2F3AT Turbine Tracker landing at [[General William J. Fox Airfield|Fox Field]], [[Lancaster, California]], while fighting the 2007 North Fire]]
:Civil conversion
;[[Marsh Aviation]] S-2F3AT Turbo Tracker
:Turboprop conversion, powered by two [[Garrett TPE331]] engines;<ref>[http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=436DF "Marsh S-2F3AT Turbo Tracker."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328181213/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=436DF |date=28 March 2012 }} ''FAA registry entry showing manufacturer, model and engine type''. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</ref> A total of 22 are operated by the [[California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection|CDF]].
;[[Conair Firecat]] or Turbo Firecat
:Civil conversion as a single-seat firefighting aircraft.
;P-16H
:Brazilian Air Force designation of the Turbo Tracker.<ref name=":3" />

=== Derivatives ===
*For the crew trainer/transport version based on the Tracker refer to [[Grumman C-1 Trader]]
*For the Airborne Early Warning version based on the Trader refer to [[Grumman E-1 Tracer]]


==Operators==

===Military operators===
[[File:Argentine S-2T landing on carrier Sao Paulo 2006.jpg|thumb|Argentine S2T Tracker operating from the {{ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|São Paulo|A12|6}}]]
[[File:Final approach to HMAS Melbourne.jpg|thumb|View from an Australian Tracker on final approach to aircraft carrier [[HMAS Melbourne (R21)|HMAS ''Melbourne'']]]]
[[File:S2G-lands-on-melbourne.jpg|thumb|Tracker ''848'' about to take the wire aboard HMAS ''Melbourne'', 1980]]
[[File:S2F－C.jpg|thumb|[[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] S2F-C]]

;{{ARG}}
*[[Argentine Naval Aviation]] 15 ex-USN trackers<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.s2ftracker.com/argentinatrackers.htm |title=Argentina S2F Trackers |publisher=S2ftracker.com |access-date=2014-01-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019141822/http://s2ftracker.com/argentinatrackers.htm |archive-date=19 October 2013  }}</ref>
;{{AUS}} (retired)
*[[Royal Australian Navy]]
;{{BRA}} (retired)
*[[Brazilian Air Force]] 
*[[Brazilian Navy]]
;{{CAN}} (retired)
*[[Royal Canadian Navy]] 99 - 42 CSF-1 and 57 CSF-2 (43 converted as CSF-3) (1956–1968) transferred to CF during [[Unification of the Canadian Forces|unification]] as CP-121 <ref name="RCN">{{cite web|author=Jerry Proc |url=http://jproc.ca/rrp/rrp3/tracker.html |title=Radio Research Paper - Tracker In Canadian Service |publisher=Jproc.ca |access-date=2014-01-07}}</ref>
** VS-880
** VU-32 Utility Squadron<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadianwings.com/Squadrons/squadronDetail.php?Utility-Squadron-VU-32-107 |title=Utility Squadron VU 32 |year=2012 |work=AEROWAREdesigns |access-date=12 May 2022 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806145622/http://www.canadianwings.com/Squadrons/squadronDetail.php?Utility-Squadron-VU-32-107 |archive-date=6 August 2012}}</ref>
*[[Canadian Forces]] 99 CP-121 (1968–1990)<ref name="RCN" />
;{{ITA}} (retired)
*[[Italian Air Force]]  operated 45 Grumman S2F-1 Tracker delivered in 1957 and retired in 1978<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/italy/af/ital-af2-all-time.htm|title=Italian Air Force Aircraft Types|work=aeroflight.co.uk|access-date=19 January 2016}}</ref>
;{{JPN}} (retired)
*[[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]]
** [[Air Transport Squadron 61 (JMSDF)|Air Transport Squadron 61]]
;{{NLD}} (retired)
*[[Royal Netherlands Navy]]
;{{PER}} (retired)
*[[Peruvian Navy]]
;{{KOR}} (retired)
*[[Republic of Korea Navy]]
;{{TWN-ROC}} (retired)
*[[Republic of China Air Force]] operated S-2A/E/G from 1967 to 1992, S-2T from 1992 to 2017, replaced by 12 rebuilt U.S. Navy P-3C Orions.
;{{THA}} (retired)
* [[Royal Thai Navy]]<ref name="worldairforces.com">{{citation|url=http://www.worldairforces.com/countries/thailand/thl.html|title=World Air Forces – Historical Listings Thailand (THL)|access-date=30 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125054737/http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/thailand/thl.html|archive-date=25 January 2012}}</ref>
;{{TUR}} (retired)
*[[Turkish Navy|Turkish Navy Aerial Wing]]
;{{USA}} (retired)
*[[United States Navy]] operated Trackers between 1954 and 1976.
*[[United States Marine Corps]] operated some Trackers.
;{{URY}} (retired)
*[[Uruguayan Navy]]
;{{VEN}} (retired)
*[[Navy of Venezuela|Venezuelan Navy]]

===Civil operators===
[[File:Cdf-s2-tanker71-sawtooth complex fire-01.jpg|thumb|[[California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection]] S-2T conducting firefighting air drops on the [[Sawtooth Complex fire]], 2006]]
[[File:Tracker2.jpg|thumb|French ''Sécurité Civile'' S-2FT Tracker used for fire-fighting duties]]

Many retired Trackers were sold to private owners for fire-fighting duties. Some were rebuilt and re-engined with turboprop engines.

;{{CAN}}
*[[Conair Group Inc.]] acquired a total of 82 CS2F and S2F Trackers, converting 32 airframes to Firecats and 13 - including 9 previously-converted Firecats - to Turbo Firecats.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
*[[Ministry of Environment (Saskatchewan)|Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment]] operated 6 CS2F Field Aviation conversions and 1 replacement Conair Firecat.
*[[Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources]] operated 6 CS2F Field Aviation conversions; later sold to Conair<ref name="OMNR">[http://www.bushplane.com/grumman-cs2f-tracker-canadian-bushplane-heritage "Grumman CS2F Tracker."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001085851/http://www.bushplane.com/grumman-cs2f-tracker-canadian-bushplane-heritage |date=1 October 2011 }} ''[[Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre]],'' 2011. Retrieved: 10 July 2011.</ref>
;{{FRA}}
*[[Sécurité Civile]] received Conair Firecats and Turbo Firecats.
;{{NLD}}
*[[KLM]] used ex-Dutch Navy Tracker to train its mechanics.
;{{USA}}
*[[California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection]] (CAL FIRE) operates S-2F3AT Turbo Tracker (G-121) aircraft as [[aerial firefighting]] air tankers.
*[[Hemet Valley Flying Service]] received TS-2A(FF) Tracker (G-89)
*[[Marsh Aviation]] received S-2A(FF) Tracker (G-89)
*[[Sis-Q Flying Service]] received TS-2A Tracker (G-89/S2F-1T)
*[[Aero Union]], in addition to being an operator, Aero Union developed the prototype S-2 tankers for the State of California in 1973.<ref>[http://p2vneptune.com/f01.shtml "P2V Neptune."] ''p2vneptune.com''. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</ref>

==Aircraft on display==
{{main|List of displayed Grumman S-2 Trackers}}
Although still in active service in South America, numbers of Trackers are on public display, mainly in countries that formerly operated the type.

== Specifications (S-2F) ==
[[File:Grumman S-2 Tracker drawing.png|300px|right]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Canada Aviation and Space Museum<ref name="CanadaAvMus"/>
|prime units?=kts
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=4
|length ft=43
|length in=6
|length note=
|span ft=72
|span in=7
|span note=
|height ft=17
|height in=6
|height note=
|wing area sqft=485
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=<!--'''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|empty weight lb=18315
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=23435
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=26147
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Wright R-1820-82WA]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines
|eng1 hp=1525
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kts=243
|max speed note=at sea level
|cruise speed kts=130
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range nmi=1173
|range note=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=9 hours endurance
|ceiling ft=22000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading lb/sqft=48.3
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=<!--<br />
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}-->
<!--
        Armament
-->
|armament=
*{{convert|4800|lb|abbr=on}} of payload could be carried in the internal [[bomb bay]] and on 6× under-wing [[hardpoint]]s
**[[Torpedo]]es: [[Mark 41 torpedo|Mk. 41]], [[10 inch Mark 43 torpedo|Mk. 43]], [[Mark 34 torpedo|Mk. 34]], [[Mark 44 torpedo|Mk. 44]], or [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk. 46]]
**[[Depth charge]]s: [[Mark 54 depth charge|Mk. 54]] or [[naval mine]]s

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Grumman C-1 Trader]]
* [[Grumman E-1 Tracer]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Grumman AF Guardian]]
* [[Fairey Gannet]]
* [[Bréguet 1050 Alizé]]
* [[Lockheed S-3 Viking]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* Cummings, Bill. "Thirty Years and Still Counting: Grumman Trackers in Canadian Service". ''[[Air International]]'', Vol. 34, No. 4, April 1988. pp.&nbsp;180–188.
* Francillon, René J. ''Grumman Aircraft since 1929''. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1989. {{ISBN|0-85177-835-6}}.
* Gillett, Ross. ''Australia's Military Aircraft''. Sydney, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 1987. {{ISBN|0-7316-0363-X}}.
* Hotson, Fred W. ''The de Havilland Canada Story''. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: CANAV Books, 1983. {{ISBN|0-07-549483-3}}.
* Stitt, Robert. "Round-Out". ''[[Air Enthusiast]]'', No. 65, September–October 1996, p.&nbsp;76. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}.
* Sullivan, Jim. ''S2F Tracker in Action'' Aircraft number 100, Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1990. {{ISBN|0-89747-242-X}}.
* Taylor, Michael, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft''. New York: Gallery Books, 1987. {{ISBN|0-8317-2808-6}}.
* Winchester, Jim (ed.). "Grumman S-2E/F/G/UP Tracker." ''Modern Military Aircraft'' (Aviation Factfile). Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books, 2004. {{ISBN|1-84013-640-5}}.

===Further reading===
*{{Cite book |last1=Núñez Padin |first1=Jorge Felix |title=S-2 Tracker & Turbo Tracker |editor-first=Jorge Felix |editor-last=Núñez Padin |publisher=Fuerzas Aeronavales |series=Serie Aeronaval |volume=26 |language=es |location=Bahía Blanca, Argentina |url=http://www.fuerzasaeronavales.com/?product=libro-s-2-tracker-turbo-tracker-serie-aeronaval-no26 |access-date=2014-09-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528183018/http://www.fuerzasaeronavales.com/?product=libro-s-2-tracker-turbo-tracker-serie-aeronaval-no26 |archive-date=28 May 2015  }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131217165035/http://www.s2ftracker.com/index.htm Surviving Grumman S2F Tracker Information Repository]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181019195545/http://www.s2tracker.com/ The S-2 Tracker Museum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030424142132/http://www.paxmuseum.com/s2/S2.htm S-2 Tracker at Patuxent River Naval Air Museum]

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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1952]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1950s United States anti-submarine aircraft]]
[[Category:United States Navy in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Grumman aircraft|S-002 Tracker]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]