View source for Grumman Gulfstream II

{{Short description|Type of airplane}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
  |name = G-1159 Gulfstream II
  |image = File:Grumman G-1159 Gulfstream II-SP AN0489926.jpg
  |caption =
  |type = Business jet
  |national_origin= [[United States]]
  |manufacturer = [[Grumman]]/[[Gulfstream Aerospace]]
  |designer =
  |first_flight = 2 October 1966
  |introduction =
  |retired =
  |status =In service
  |primary_user =
  |more_users =
  |produced = 1967–1980<ref name=Flight12oct2018/>
  |number_built = 256<ref name=Flight12oct2018>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nbaa-business-jet-designs-that-changed-the-industry-452471/ |title= NBAA: Business jet designs that changed the industry |date= 12 Oct 2018 |author= Murdo Morrison |work= FlightGlobal}}</ref>
  |unit cost =US$21M
  |developed_into = [[Gulfstream III]]
}}
[[File:Ng-GII-bams-N82CR-070709-01-16.jpg|thumb|right|A highly modified GII used to flight test systems hardware for the [[Broad Area Maritime Surveillance]] (BAMS) UAV contract bid, seen here taxiing at [[Mojave Spaceport|Mojave]]]]

The '''Gulfstream II''' ('''G-II''') is an American twin engine [[business jet]] designed and first built by [[Grumman]], then [[Grumman American]] and finally [[Gulfstream American]]. It was succeeded by the [[Gulfstream III]]. The first Gulfstream II flew on October 2, 1966.<ref name="Taylor, John W 1984">Taylor, John W.R., ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1984–85'', Jane's Publishing Company, 1984.</ref>

==Design==
The Gulfstream II is a twin-jet swept wing corporate transport powered by two [[Rolls-Royce Spey]] [[turbofan]] engines and designed to provide high speed and long range capability without sacrificing the airport performance, reliability, and other operational advantages of its predecessor, the turboprop [[Grumman Gulfstream I|Gulfstream I]]. Preliminary design of the wing was influenced by both cruise and low speed considerations. The aft-mounted engine location was selected after extensive analysis and design iterations considering aerodynamic, structural, and ground clearance requirements. Airfoil geometry was developed to maximum sweep benefit from the selected planform.  The interference problem at the wing-body juncture was treated by modification of the airfoil shape and thickness over the inner third of the wing span. The basic airfoils for the main area of the wing are similar to those of the [[Grumman A-6 Intruder]] aircraft and utilize NACA 6-series thickness distributions combined with an in-house mean line. A buffet boundary commensurate with the M=.85 speed capability was attained by incorporating a row of co-rotating vortex generators on the outer wing panel. In developing the wing contours, attention was paid to the aircraft's low speed requirements by tailoring the leading edge radius to preclude leading edge separation. The high lift configuration, consists of a one piece, single-slotted [[Fowler flap]] of 30% chord.  Stall initiation on the basic wing was found to occur at midspan but spread rapidly to the tip, particularly at large flap deflections. The addition of an upper surface fence at about midspan provided a strong pitch down at the stall, without sacrificing maximum lift, and also afforded an adequate margin between initial and tip stall.<ref name=Waaland>Waaland, I.T. and Curtis, E.J., "Gulfstream II Aerodynamic Design", SAE paper 670242.</ref>

The high angle of attack investigations on the Gulfstream II indicated that stable trim conditions existed up to 45 degrees angle of attack.  The elevator deflection required to trim to the primary stall at most forward center of gravity was sufficient to trim a [[deep stall]] at the aft center of gravity, but recovery from deep stall was immediate upon forward stick motion, and more than adequate nose-down elevator control was available.  The acceptability of the Gulfstream II high angle of attack characteristics and the absence of a deep stall influence on configuration sizing and arrangement was attributed to the mitigating influence of the nacelle-wing overlap on nacelle contribution. Configuration buildup studies revealed the adverse nacelle influence on tail pitching moment contribution above 30 degrees angle of attack was not unduly severe and no appreciable effect on elevator or stabilizer effectiveness was found.<ref name=Waaland />

It was found in flight testing that the stall characteristics were satisfactory but did not preclude stall penetrations to the point of secondary stall pitchup.  Rather than pursue a lengthy flight test research effort, and in view of the excellent primary stall behavior, it was decided to mechanically limit the extent of stall penetration with a [[stick shaker]] and [[stick pusher]].<ref name=Waaland />

During installation of the [[Aviation Partners Inc.]] winglets (as the G-IISP), the vortex generators and midspan fence were removed and replaced with six leading edge vortilons similar to those found on the [[Gulfstream IV]].<ref name=APISTC>[http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgstc.nsf/0/c725fd441da2e7158625770c007783bd/$FILE/ST00080SE.pdf FAA Supplemental Type Certificate ST00080SE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929032436/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgstc.nsf/0/c725fd441da2e7158625770c007783bd/$FILE/ST00080SE.pdf |date=2018-09-29 }} Retrieved 31 July 2011.</ref>
[[File:N748MN 1977 GRUMMAN AMERICAN AVN. G-1159 Gulfstream II s-n 215 (31491854345).jpg|thumb|Gulfstream II-SP with [[hush kit]]s installed]]
In 2013, the FAA modified 14 CFR part 91 rules to prohibit the operation of jets weighing 75,000 pounds or less that are not stage 3 noise compliant after December 31, 2015.  The Gulfstream II is listed explicitly in Federal Register [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/FR-2013-07-02/2013-15843/content-detail.html 78 FR 39576].  Any Gulfstream IIs that have not been modified by installing Stage 3 noise compliant engines or have not had "hushkits" installed for non-compliant engines will not be permitted to fly in the contiguous 48 states after December 31, 2015.  ''14 CFR §91.883 Special flight authorizations for jet airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or less'' – lists special flight authorizations that may be granted for operation after December 31, 2015.

==Development==
Grumman had delivered over 150 turboprop [[Grumman Gulfstream I|Gulfstream Is]] by the start of 1965 but were gaining competition from the jet powered [[Lockheed Jetstar]], [[Hawker Siddeley HS.125]], [[Dassault Falcon 20]] and the [[North American Sabreliner]]. The new generation of business jets didn't match the range and comfort of the Gulfstream I and customers were demanding a jet powered variant of the Gulfstream I.<ref name="knight99">Knight 1992, p.99</ref>

When the [[Rolls-Royce Spey]] second-generation turbofan became available the program became a reality and a full-scale mock up was created.<ref name="knight99" /> With 30 firm orders, the company launched production go-ahead on 5 May 1965.<ref name="knight99" />

The first prototype flew from the Bethpage facility on 2 October 1966 for a 52-minute maiden flight.<ref name="knight100">Knight 1992, p. 100</ref> Four aircraft were used in the certification program and the FAA Type Certificate was awarded on 19 October 1967.<ref name="knight100" /> Although the aircraft would not be economic to fly as an airliner, it was certified to meet public transport standards.<ref name="knight100" /> The Gulfstream I was sold through a number of dealerships. The Gulfstream IIs were produced as green aircraft and delivered to a completion centre to fit the bespoke interior and avionics as required by the customer.<ref name="knight100" />

The company built a new production plant in Savannah, Georgia to build the Gulfstream II which opened in 1967.<ref name="knight100" /> The first Savannah-built aircraft flew in December 1967 and production continued at Bethpage until they had completed 40 aircraft.<ref name="knight100" />

To increase the range of the aircraft tip-tanks were certified in March 1976 and added as standard on the production line from aircraft #183, although the customer could opt not to fit them.<ref name="knight167">Knight 1992, p. 167</ref>

Production of the Gulfstream II ended at Savannah in December 1979.<ref name="knight100" /> Between 1981 and 1987 43 aircraft were converted to Gulfstream IIB standard with new wings and advanced avionics based on the newer Gulfstream III.<ref name="knight131">Knight 1992, p. 131</ref>

==Variants==
;Gulfstream II (G-1159)
:Twin-engined executive, corporate transport aircraft, with accommodation for up to 14 passengers, powered by two [[Rolls-Royce Spey|Rolls-Royce Spey RB.168 Mk 511-8]] turbofan engines.<ref name="Taylor, John W 1984"/> Received FAA Type Certificate A12EA on October 19, 1967.<ref name= typeCert>{{cite web |url= http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/2d504046f9657ec386257f610074fcfb/$FILE/A12EA_Rev46.pdf |title= Type Certificate date Sheet NO. A12EA, revision 46 |publisher= FAA |date= February 22, 2016 |access-date= June 22, 2016 |archive-date= November 15, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161115025943/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/2d504046f9657ec386257f610074fcfb/$FILE/A12EA_Rev46.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>
;Gulfstream II TT
:Modified version with tip tanks, increased range. FAA certified May 13, 1977.<ref name= typeCert/>
;Gulfstream IIB (G-1159B)
:Modified version, with the wider, wingleted wings and instruments of the [[Gulfstream III]], Maximum takeoff weight increased to 68,200 lb. or 69,700 lb. FAA certified on September 17, 1981.<ref name= typeCert/>
;Gulfstream II SP
:Aircraft modified by the addition of [[Aviation Partners]] winglets. FAA certified under STC ST00080SE on April 22, 1994.<ref name=APISTC />
;VC-11A 
:One VC-11A built for the US Coast Guard, outfitted with upgraded communications and a [[inertial navigation system]]. (USCG reg no 1, cn 23)<ref name="worldmilitair.com">{{cite web |title=Grumman G-1159 Gulfstream II to V |url=http://www.worldmilitair.com/wma%201110%20-%20aircraft/wma%201110%20g/gru%20010%201159.pdf |website=World of Military Aviation |access-date=30 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="CGAA">{{cite web |title=Grumman VC-11A "Gulfstream II" |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/aircraft_/grumman-vc-11a-gulfstream-ii/ |website=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=30 June 2021}}</ref>
:A GII (N40CE, cn 45) for the Army US Army Corps of Engineers (has been listed as both a VC-11A and a [[Gulfstream_III#Military_variants|C-20]], should be VC-11A).<ref name="worldmilitair.com"/><ref name="USACE GII">{{cite web |title=N40CE (US Army) |url=https://www.planelogger.com/Aircraft/Registration/N40CE/701594 |website=planelogger.com |access-date=30 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="DoD 4120.15-L">{{cite report
 | author      = <!-- or |last= and |first= -->
 | author-link =
 | date        = August 31, 2018
 | title       = Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles
 | url         = https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/412015l.pdf?ver=2018-12-11-100011-077
 | publisher   = Department of Defense
 | format      =
 | edition     =
 | location    =
 | chapter     =
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 | page        =
 | pages       = 18–20
 | docket      =
 | access-date = 30 June 2021
 | quote       =
}}</ref>

==Special mission variants==
Gulfstream IIs have been popular as special mission aircraft, particularly when used aircraft became available for less than $1 million.<ref>[http://www.controller.com/list/list.aspx?manu=GULFSTREAM&mdltxt=II 'Gulfstream II For Sale'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929112529/http://www.controller.com/list/list.aspx?manu=GULFSTREAM&mdltxt=II |date=2011-09-29 }} Retrieved 28 June 2011.</ref>

A G-II (N105TB, cn 31) had underwing pylons and various fuselage appendages added to enable it to operate as a sensor testbed for MIT Lincoln Labs.<ref>Duenas, Ralph. [http://www.airliners.net/photo/Untitled-(USA--/Grumman-G-1159-Gulfstream/0881763/L/ "Grumman G-1159 Gulfstream II aircraft."] ''airliners.net,'' July 18, 2005. Retrieved: June 28, 2011.</ref>

A G-IIB (N74A, cn 36) was modified by Aeromet of Tulsa, Oklahoma for use as the HALO1 aircraft for the US [[Missile Defense Agency]].<ref>[http://www.scalecraft.com/gulfstreamhaloi.aspx 'Gulfstream HALO I'] Retrieved 28 June 2011.</ref>

A G-IISP (N82CR, cn 80) was modified for use by [[Northrop Grumman]] as a demonstrator for the [[Broad Area Maritime Surveillance]] (BAMS) contract.<ref>Plomitzer, Gerhard. [http://www.airliners.net/photo/Northrop-Grumman/Grumman-G-1159-Gulfstream/1460757/L/ "Grumman American G-1159 Gulfstream II-SP aircraft."] ''airliners.net,'' January 4, 2009. Retrieved: June 28, 2011.</ref>

A G-IIB (N178B, cn 125) was modified by the addition of a large dorsal fairing housing a telescope by Aeromet as the HALO2 aircraft for the Missile Defense Agency.<ref>Fritsche, Danny. [http://www.airliners.net/photo/Grumman-American-G-1159B/0853662/L/ "Grumman American G-1159B Gulfstream II-B aircraft."] ''airliners.net,'' June 6, 2005. Retrieved 28 June 2011.</ref>

A G-II (N10123, cn 107) had tip tanks added containing ground mapping radar, along with fairings on the wing undersurface and a centerline pod. This aircraft operated as the Calgis Geosar and formerly owned by Earthdata Aviation, Fugro, and sold 2017. The aircraft is still in service as of April, 2018.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19971018182459/http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/html/projects/geosar/geosar.html 'GeoSAR: Geographic Synthetic Aperture Radar'] Retrieved 28 June 2011.</ref>

NASA contracted Lockheed-Georgia to modify one G-II as the Propfan Test Assessment aircraft (N650PF, cn 118). The aircraft had a nacelle added to the left wing, containing a 6000&nbsp;hp Allison 570 turboprop engine (derived from the XT701 turboshaft developed for the [[Boeing Vertol XCH-62]] program), powering a 9-foot diameter Hamilton Standard SR-7 [[propfan]]. The aircraft, so configured, first flew in March 1987. After an extensive test program, the modifications were removed from the aircraft and the aircraft became a Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA).<ref>[http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900002423 'Propfan Test Assessment (PTA)']  NASA-CR-185138. Retrieved 28 June 2011</ref><ref>[http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900002422 'Propfan Test Assessment (PTA): Flight Test Report'] NASA-CR-182278. Retrieved 28 June 2011.</ref>

A modified version of the G-II, called the [[Shuttle Training Aircraft]] (STA), mimics the cockpit configuration and flight characteristics of the [[Space Shuttle]] and is used by [[NASA]] as a training airplane for practice shuttle approaches (referred to as "dives"). Four G-IIs were used for this purpose N945NA, cn 118; N944NA, cn 144; N946NA, cn 146, and N947NA, cn 147 (cn 118 above was reconfigured for this purpose).<ref>[http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/2/22/nasa-s-space-shuttle-training-plane-a-fabulous-1970s-business-jet 'NASA's Space Shuttle Training Plane? A Fabulous 1970s Business Jet'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712194019/http://motherboard.tv/2010/2/22/nasa-s-space-shuttle-training-plane-a-fabulous-1970s-business-jet |date=2011-07-12 }} Retrieved 28 June 2011.</ref>

A G-IISP (N950NA, cn 185) was modified by the addition of a wing tip pod and a ventral radome as the HALO3 aircraft for the Missile Defense Agency. This aircraft serves as a target for the [[Boeing YAL-1]] Airborne Laser Testbed.<ref>Duenas, Ralph. [http://www.airliners.net/photo/Grumman-American-G-1159/1525822/L/ "Grumman American G-1159 Gulfstream II-SP aircraft."] ''airliners.net,'' May 15, 2009. Retrieved: June 28, 2011.</ref>

A G-IIB (N779LC, cn 88) has been modified with the same large dorsal fairing as N178B (HALO2), as the HALO4 aircraft for the Missile Defense Agency.<ref>Snyder, Jeff. [http://www.airliners.net/photo/Grumman-G-1159B-Gulfstream/2363402/L/ "Grumman American G-1159B Gulfstream II-B aircraft."] ''airliners.net,'' November 26, 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2014.</ref>

A G-II (JA8431, cn 141) is operated by Diamond Air Service in various configurations to support missions involving environmental measurements.  In one configuration, it can carry two 3D X/L band PI SAR (Parametric Interpherometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) pods under the forward fuselage.<ref>[http://www.das.co.jp/new_html_e/service/02.html 'Observation Flight'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030024659/http://www.das.co.jp/new_html_e/service/02.html |date=2011-10-30 }} Retrieved 20 July 2011.</ref>

A G-IISP (N510AG, cn 159) is operated by the Orion Air Group in support Northrop Grumman's development of the multi-role, tactical-command data link (MR-TCDL). The aircraft was modified with 19-inch and nine-inch, satcom dish-antennas, as well as additional radomes on the top and bottom.<ref>[http://www.ainonline.com/news/single-news-page/article/orion-air-group-breaks-cover-to-describe-special-mission-work-30591/ 'Orion Air Group Breaks Cover To Describe Special Mission Work']{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 31 July 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.airliners.net/photo/Orion-Air-Group/Grumman-American-G-1159/1960193/L 'Picture of the Grumman American G-1159 Gulfstream II-SP aircraft'] Retrieved 31 July 2011.</ref>

A G-II TT (N81RR, cn 246) is being modified for NASA, by the addition of fuselage appendages and underwing pylons, to serve as the High Ice Water Content (HIWC) sampling aircraft.<ref>[http://esrl.noaa.gov/gsd/research/events/nov2010/presentations/Thur-Dec-2/pm/Haggerty_HIWC_InteragencyReview_Nov2010.pptx 'High Ice Water Content Project'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004030444/http://esrl.noaa.gov/gsd/research/events/nov2010/presentations/Thur-Dec-2/pm/Haggerty_HIWC_InteragencyReview_Nov2010.pptx |date=2011-10-04 }} Retrieved 28 June 2011.</ref>

==Operators==

===Military operators===
[[File:USCG VC 11A 01.jpg|thumb|The former U.S. Coast Guard VC-11A (cn 23). Now privately owned]]
;{{flag|Chad}}
* [[Chadian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Weinert |first2=Peter |last3=Hinz |first3=Fabian |last4=Lepko |first4=Mark |title=African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe |date=2011 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |location=Houston |isbn=978-0-9825539-8-5 |page=220}}</ref>
;{{DOM}}
*[[Dominican Republic Air Force]]
;{{GAB}}
* [[Military of Gabon]]
;{{LBY}}
* [[Libyan Air Force (1951–2011)|Libyan Air Force]]
;{{MAR}}
* [[Royal Moroccan Air Force]]
;{{NGR}}
* [[Nigerian Air Force]]
;{{OMA}}
;{{PAN}}
;{{USA}}
* [[NASA]]
* [[United States Army]]
* [[United States Coast Guard]]
;{{VEN}}

===Civil operators===
The aircraft is operated by private individuals, companies, non-government organizations and executive charter operators. A number of companies also use the aircraft as part of [[fractional ownership]] programs.

[[Nelson Rockefeller]], Gerald Ford's Vice President and scion of the Rockefeller family, personally owned a Gulfstream II (N100WK, cn 77) which he preferred to fly in over the [[Convair C-131 Samaritan]], then being used as [[Air Force Two]] for domestic flights. As such it has the distinction of having used the "[[Executive_One#Executive_Two|Executive Two]]" callsign while he was in office.<ref name="N100WK / 77">{{cite web |title=N100WK-WAYFARER KETCH |url=https://www.planelogger.com/Aircraft/Registration/N100WK/702019 |website=planelogger.com |access-date=30 June 2021 |date=18 April 1974}}</ref><ref name="Fly With Rockefeller">{{cite news |title=Go First Class, Fly With Rockefeller |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/06/archives/go-first-class-fly-with-rockefeller-a-bankers-shuttle-a-living-room.html |access-date=30 June 2021 |work=New York Times |date=6 Oct 1974}}</ref><ref name="Petro">{{cite book
  | last = Petro
  | first = Joseph
  | author2 = Jeffrey Robinson
  | title = Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service
  | publisher = Thomas Dunne Books
  | year = 2005
  | location = New York
  | isbn = 0-312-33221-1
  | url-access = registration
  | url = https://archive.org/details/standingnexttohi00petr
  }}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
* May 3, 1982 – A Gulfstream II from the Algerian government was shot down by a fighter jet in the border area of Iraq, Iran and Turkey. All 15 people on board, including the Algerian foreign minister [[Mohammed Seddik Benyahia]] were killed.
* April 18, 1983 – [[Cork Racecourse|Mallow Racecourse]], in Ireland, became an emergency airfield when a Mexican Gulfstream II business jet made a precautionary landing. A temporary tarmacadam runway of almost 3,000 feet in length was laid to enable the aircraft to leave five weeks later in May. A movie, ''The Runway'', was loosely based on the incident.<ref>{{cite web |last=Whelton |first=Sharon |date=8 July 2010 |title=Pilot's girl touches down |url=http://www.independent.ie/regionals/corkman/news/pilots-girl-touches-down-27078359.html |website=[[The Corkman]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Fitzpatrick |date=18 April 2013 |title=Surprise jet arrival left lasting legacy in town |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-20228622.html |website=[[Irish Examiner]]}}</ref>
* January 19, 1990 – A Gulfstream II crashed on approach to Little Rock National Airport in Little Rock, Arkansas. The plane struck guidance lights and crashed short of the runway while attempting to land in stormy weather. It was carrying employees of an Eastman Kodak Co. subsidiary when the flight was diverted to Little Rock due to unfavorable weather. All 7 on board including 2 pilots and 5 passengers were killed.<ref>{{cite web|date=1990|title=Pl;ane Crashes in Storm, 7 Killed|website=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/bb2afe8adafb200052716a19954b328a}}</ref>
* 3 May 1995 – A Gulfstream II operated by American Jet, inbound from [[Buenos Aires]] via [[La Paz]], selected the wrong [[VHF omnidirectional range|VOR]] frequency during a nighttime approach to [[Quito]]; the jet flew {{convert|12|mi|km}} further south than it should have, striking the [[Sincholagua]] volcano at {{convert|16000|ft|m}}. All seven occupants were killed. The flight was carrying a number of important oil executives from Argentina and Chile to a meeting in Quito. Amongst those killed was Argentine [[YPF]]'s CEO and president José Estenssoro, who had led privatization efforts under [[Carlos Menem]]; Juan Pedrals Gili, the Spanish-born general manager of Chilean [[Empresa Nacional del Petróleo|ENAP]] as well as Manfred Hecht Mittersteiner, chief of production at ENAP's international subsidiary Sipetrol.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/05/obituaries/jose-estenssoro-61-who-led-oil-privatization-in-argentina.html | title=Jose Estenssoro, 61, Who Led Oil Privatization in Argentina| newspaper=The New York Times| date=1995-05-05| last1=Sims| first1=Calvin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/05/04/Argentine-oil-chief-dies-in-plane-crash/5595799560000/ | title=Argentine oil chief dies in plane crash}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baaa-acro.com/1995/archives/crash-of-a-gulfstream-gii-in-quito-7-killed/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803011842/http://www.baaa-acro.com/1995/archives/crash-of-a-gulfstream-gii-in-quito-7-killed/ |archive-date=2017-08-03 }}</ref>

==Aircraft on display==
;United States
* Gulfstream II Serial #001 was donated to the [[Carolinas Aviation Museum]] in Charlotte, North Carolina.  It is intact but in storage awaiting the development of another addition to the Museum.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Birch|first=Matt|date=Summer 2013|title=The Last Flight of the First GII|url=http://www.outsidegulfstream.com/images/uploads/WaypointFiles/waypoint_2013_3_summer.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707133553/http://www.outsidegulfstream.com/images/uploads/WaypointFiles/waypoint_2013_3_summer.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 7, 2017|magazine=Waypoint|location=Savannah, Georgia|publisher=Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation|access-date=7 July 2017}}</ref>

==Specifications (Gulfstream II-B)==
[[File:Gulfstream II 3-view.gif|thumb|upright=2]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1984-85<ref name=JAWA84-85>{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1984-85 |url=https://archive.org/details/janesallworldsai8485john |url-access=registration |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=John W.R. |edition=75th |year=1984 |publisher=Jane's Publishing Co. |location=London |isbn=0-7106-0801-2 |pages=410–411}}</ref>
|prime units?=kts
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|capacity=19 (maximum certified) / {{cvt|2900|lb|0}} maximum payload
|length ft=79
|length in=11
|length note=
|span ft=77
|span in=10
|span note=
|height ft=24
|height in=6
|height note=
|wing area sqft=934.6
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil='''stn.50:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 0012 modified]]; '''stn 145:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 63A-009.5]]; '''stn 385:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 64 series modified]]
|empty weight lb=39100
|empty weight note=(basic operating weight)<br>
*'''Maximum zero-fuel weight:''' {{cvt|42000|lb|0}}
|gross weight lb=65500
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=68200
|max takeoff weight note=<br>
*'''Maximum landing weight:''' {{cvt|58500|lb|0}}
|fuel capacity={{cvt|28300|lb|0}} maximum
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Rolls-Royce Spey 511-8]]
|eng1 type=[[turbofan]] engines
|eng1 lbf=11400
|eng1 note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=
|max speed mach=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kts=105
|stall speed note=at MLW, flaps down
*'''Maximum cruising Mach number:''' M0.85 at max power at {{cvt|30000|ft|0}} and AUW of {{cvt|55000|lb|0}}
*'''Never exceed speed:''' M0.85
*'''Economical cruise speed:''' M0.77
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range nmi=3550
|range note=with 8 passengers, NBAA IFR reserves, crew of 3, {{cvt|2000|lbs|0}} / pax
::::{{cvt|3970|nmi|mi km|0}} with NBAA VFR reserves
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=45000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ftmin=3800
|climb rate note=<br>
::::{{cvt|1200|ft/min|m/s|2}} on one engine
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=<br/>
*'''Take-off run (FAA):''' {{cvt|5850|ft|0}}
*'''Landing run (FAA):''' {{cvt|3400|ft|0}}
*'''Operational Noise levels (FAR Pt.36)'''
:*'''Take-off:''' 91 EPNdB
:*'''Approach:''' 97 EPNdB
:*'''Sideline:''' 103 EPNdB

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Grumman Gulfstream I]]
* [[Gulfstream III]]
* [[Shuttle Training Aircraft]]
|similar aircraft=
|sequence=
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book|title=Gulfstream - A tribute to the Ultimate Biz-Jet 1958-1991|first=Fred J.|last=Knight|publisher=Henfield Press|location=Hanley Swan, Worcestershire, England|isbn=1-85421-149-8}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Grumman Gulfstream II}}

{{Grumman aircraft}}
{{Gulfstream}}
{{US transport aircraft}}

[[Category:Gulfstream aircraft|Gulfstream II]]
[[Category:1960s United States business aircraft]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Grumman aircraft|Gulfstream II]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1966]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]