View source for Gregory Winter

{{Short description|British biochemist (born 1951)}}
{{for|the American journalist|Greg Winter (journalist)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix = Sir
|name             = Gregory Winter
|image            = Gregory Winter, 2016 (cropped).jpg
|caption          = Winter in 2016
|honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRS|FMedSci}}
|order1           = 
|office1          = [[Master of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
|term_start1      = 2012
|term_end1        = 2019
|predecessor1     = [[Martin Rees|Baron Rees of Ludlow]]
|successor1       = [[Sally Davies (doctor)|Dame Sally Davies]]
|birth_name       = Gregory Paul Winter
|birth_date       = {{birth date and age|df=y|1951|4|14}}
|birth_place      = [[Leicester]], [[Leicestershire]], England
|death_date       = 
|death_place      = 
|website          = {{URL|https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/emeritus/greg-winter/|LMB web page}}
{{Infobox scientist
|embed            = yes
|education        = [[Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne]]
|alma_mater       = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
|known_for        = [[Cambridge Antibody Technology]]<br />Domantis<ref name=domantis /><br />Bicycle Therapeutics<ref name=bicycle /><br />[[Antibody]] engineering
|awards           = [[Colworth Medal]] (1986)<br />[[EMBO Member]] (1987)<ref name=membo>{{cite web |url=https://people.embo.org/profile/gregory-p-winter |website=people.embo.org |title=EMBO MEMBER: Gregory P. Winter}}</ref><br />[[Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine]] (1989)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/1989-en/docteur-gregory-p-winter/|title=Doctor Gregory P. WINTER &#124; Jeantet|date=1 October 2017}}</ref><br />[[Knight Bachelor]] (2004)<br />[[Royal Medal]] (2011)<br />[[Prince Mahidol Award]] (2016)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.princemahidolaward.org/display-news.en.php?id=2016-11-16%2014:45:59 |title=Announcement of the Prince Mahidol Award 2016 |publisher=princemahidolaward.org |access-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114145308/http://www.princemahidolaward.org/display-news.en.php?id=2016-11-16%2014:45:59 |archive-date=14 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />[[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]  (2018)<br/> [[Copley Medal]] (2024)
|field            = [[Biochemistry]]
|workplaces       = [[University of Cambridge]]<br />[[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]]<br />[[Imperial College London]]
|thesis_title     = The amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus
|thesis_url       = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.477727
|thesis_year      = 1977
|doctoral_advisor = [[Brian S. Hartley]]}}
}}
'''Sir Gregory Paul Winter''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRS|FMedSci}} (born 14 April 1951)<ref name="whoswho">{{Who's Who |title=WINTER, Sir Gregory (Paul) |id=U40396 |volume=2016 |edition=online [[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref name="Nobel">{{cite web |date=6 October 2018 |title=Sir Gregory P. Winter – Facts – 2018 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/winter/facts/|work=NobelPrize.org |publisher=Nobel Media AB |access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref> is a [[Nobel Prize]]-winning [[British people|British]] [[Molecular Biologist|molecular biologist]] best known for his work on the therapeutic use of [[monoclonal antibodies]]. His research career has been based almost entirely at the MRC [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]] and the MRC [[Centre for Protein Engineering]], in Cambridge, England.

He is credited with the invention of techniques to both [[Humanized antibody|humanize]] (1986) and, later, to fully humanize using [[phage display]], antibodies for therapeutic uses.<ref name=bicycle>The [http://www.bicycletherapeutics.com/about/scientific-founders Scientific Founders] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913014724/http://www.bicycletherapeutics.com/about/scientific-founders |date=13 September 2011 }} of Bicycle Therapeutics Ltd. – Christian Heinis and Sir Greg Winter, FRS.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/348552a0 |pmid=2247164 |year=1990 |last1=McCafferty |first1=J. |author-link1=John McCafferty |last2=Griffiths |first2=A. |last3=Winter |first3=G. |author-link3=Greg Winter |last4=Chiswell |first4=D. |author-link4=David Chiswell |title=Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains |volume=348 |issue=6301 |pages=552–554 |journal=Nature |bibcode=1990Natur.348..552M|s2cid=4258014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054554/http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=176&conid=87|url-status=dead|title=Trinity College Cambridge|archive-date=6 March 2012}}</ref><ref name=scopus>{{Scopus|id= 7202988467}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmid=8011287 |year=1994 |last1=Winter |first1=G |title=Making antibodies by phage display technology |journal=Annual Review of Immunology |volume=12 |pages=433–455 |last2=Griffiths |first2=A. D. |last3=Hawkins |first3=R. E. |last4=Hoogenboom |first4=H. R. |doi=10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.002245}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmid=8045255 |year=1994 |last1=Griffiths |first1=A. D. |title=Isolation of high affinity human antibodies directly from large synthetic repertoires |journal=The EMBO Journal |volume=13 |issue=14 |pages=3245–60 |last2=Williams |first2=S. C. |last3=Hartley |first3=O |last4=Tomlinson |first4=I. M. |last5=Waterhouse |first5=P |last6=Crosby |first6=W. L. |last7=Kontermann |first7=R. E. |last8=Jones |first8=P. T. |last9=Low |first9=N. M.| last10 = Allison| first10 = T. J. |pmc=395221|doi=10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06626.x }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmid=1908075 |year=1991 |last1=Hoogenboom |first1=H. R. |title=Multi-subunit proteins on the surface of filamentous phage: Methodologies for displaying antibody (Fab) heavy and light chains |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |volume=19 |issue=15 |pages=4133–4137 |last2=Griffiths |first2=A. D. |last3=Johnson |first3=K. S. |last4=Chiswell |first4=D. J. |last5=Hudson |first5=P. |last6=Winter |first6=G. |pmc=328552 |doi=10.1093/nar/19.15.4133}}</ref> Previously, antibodies had been derived from mice, which made them difficult to use in human therapeutics because the human immune system had anti-mouse reactions to them.<ref name="whoswho" /><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Anon |doi=10.1038/nbt.1815 |pmid=21390009 |title=The inventor of humanized monoclonal antibodies and cofounder of Cambridge Antibody Technology, Greg Winter, muses on the future of antibody therapeutics and UK life science innovation |journal=[[Nature Biotechnology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=190 |year=2011|s2cid=205275386 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/292072a0 |pmid=7278968 |title=Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin gene of a human influenza virus H1 subtype |journal=Nature |volume=292 |issue=5818 |pages=72–5 |year=1981 |last1=Winter |first1=G. |author-link1=Greg Winter |last2=Fields |first2=S. |author-link2=Stanley Fields (biologist) |last3=Brownlee |first3=G. G. |author-link3=George Brownlee |bibcode=1981Natur.292...72W|s2cid=4312205 }} {{closed access}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/290213a0 |pmid=7010182 |title=Structure of the neuraminidase gene in human influenza virus A/PR/8/34 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=290 |issue=5803 |pages=213–7 |year=1981 |last1=Fields |first1=S. |author-link1=Stanley Fields (biologist) |last2=Winter |first2=G. |author-link2=Greg Winter |last3=Brownlee |first3=G. G. |author-link3=George Brownlee |bibcode=1981Natur.290..213F|s2cid=8051512 }} {{closed access}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/332323a0 |pmid=3127726 |title=Reshaping human antibodies for therapy |journal=Nature |volume=332 |issue=6162 |pages=323–7 |year=1988 |last1=Riechmann |first1=L. |last2=Clark |first2=M. |last3=Waldmann |first3=H. |last4=Winter |first4=G. |bibcode=1988Natur.332..323R|s2cid=4335569 |doi-access=free }} {{closed access}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(91)90498-U |pmid=1748994 |title=By-passing immunization |journal=[[Journal of Molecular Biology]] |volume=222 |issue=3 |pages=581–97 |year=1991 |last1=Marks |first1=J. D. |last2=Hoogenboom |first2=H. R. |last3=Bonnert |first3=T. P. |last4=McCafferty |first4=J. |last5=Griffiths |first5=A. D. |last6=Winter |first6=G.}} {{closed access}}</ref> For these developments Winter was awarded the 2018 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] along with [[George Smith (chemist)|George Smith]] and [[Frances Arnold]].<ref name=nobel-1>{{cite web |url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/live-blog-2018-chemistry-nobel-prize/3009569.article |title=Live blog: direction evolution takes chemistry Nobel prize |access-date=3 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2018/oct/03/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2018-live |title=Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 – live |access-date=3 October 2018|newspaper=The Guardian |date=3 October 2018 }}</ref>

He is a Fellow of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] and was appointed [[List of Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge|Master of Trinity College, Cambridge]] on 2 October 2012, remaining in office until 2019. From 2006 to 2011, he was Deputy Director of the [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]], [[Medical Research Council (UK)|Medical Research Council]], acting Director from 2007 to 2008 and Head of the Division of Protein and Nucleic Acids Chemistry from 1994 to 2006. He was also Deputy Director of the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering from 1990 to its closure in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.f-star.com/scientific_advisors/3/sir-gregory-winter-chairman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129160435/http://www.f-star.com/scientific_advisors/3/sir-gregory-winter-chairman|url-status=dead|title=Sir Gregory Winter Chairman|archive-date=29 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Greg Winter wins 2018 Nobel Prize for Chemistry – MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology |url=https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/greg-winter-wins-2018-nobel-prize-for-chemistry/ |website=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology |access-date=7 October 2018 |date=3 October 2018}}</ref>

==Education==
Winter was educated at the [[Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne]].<ref name="whoswho" /> He went on to study [[Natural Sciences (Cambridge)|Natural Sciences]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] graduating from [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] in 1973. He was awarded a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree, from the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, for research on the [[amino acid]] sequence of [[WARS (gene)|tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase]] from the bacterium ''[[Bacillus stearothermophilus]]'' in 1977<ref name=winteriscoming>{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Cambridge |title=The amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl RNA synthetase from bacillus stearothermophilus |first=Gregory Paul |last=Winter |date=1976 |oclc=500591023 |url=http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=15424 |id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.477727}}}}</ref> supervised by [[Brian S. Hartley]].<ref name="WinterHartley1977">{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=G. P. |last2=Hartley |first2=B. S. |title=The amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl tRNA Synthetase fromBacillus stearothermophilus |journal=FEBS Letters |volume=80 |issue=2 |year=1977 |pages=340–342 |issn=0014-5793 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(77)80471-7 |pmid=891985|s2cid=39202845 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1977FEBSL..80..340W }}</ref> Later, Winter completed a term of post-doctoral fellowship at [[Imperial College London]], and another at the Institute of genetics in University of Cambridge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kingfaisalprize.org/professor-sir-gregory-p-winter/ |title=King Faisal Prize {{!}} Professor Sir Gregory P. Winter|website=kingfaisalprize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-04}}</ref>

==Career and research==
Following his PhD, Winter completed [[postdoctoral research]] at the [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]] in Cambridge.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heptares.com/sab/ |title=Scientific Advisory Board |publisher=Heptares |access-date=5 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=googlescholar>{{Google scholar id}}</ref> He continued to specialise in protein and nucleic acid sequencing and became a Group Leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1981. He became interested in the idea that all antibodies have the same basic structure, with only small changes making them specific for one target. [[Georges J. F. Köhler]] and [[César Milstein]] had won the 1984 Nobel Prize for their work at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, in discovering a method to isolate and reproduce individual, or monoclonal, antibodies from among the multitude of different antibody proteins that the immune system makes to seek and destroy foreign invaders attacking the body.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1984/summary/ |website=NobelPrize.org |access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref> These monoclonal antibodies had limited application in human medicine, because mouse monoclonal antibodies are rapidly inactivated by the human immune response, which prevents them from providing long-term benefits.

Winter pioneered a technique to "humanise" mouse monoclonal antibodies; a technique used in the development of [[Alemtuzumab|Campath-1H]]  by the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and University of Cambridge scientists.<ref>{{cite web |title=Therapeutic Antibodies – MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology |url=https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/research/technology-transfer/recent-technology-transfer-initiatives/therapeutic-antibodies/ |website=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology |access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref> This antibody now looks promising for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Humanized monoclonal antibodies form the majority of antibody-based drugs on the market today and include several blockbuster antibodies, such as [[Pembrolizumab|Keytruda]].

Winter founded [[Cambridge Antibody Technology]] in 1989,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/emeritus/greg-winter/|title=Greg Winter|website=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/industry-innovation/case-studies/winter/ |title = Sir Gregory Winter &#124; Royal Society}}</ref> and Bicycle Therapeutics.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory Winter |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=23316112&privcapId=72510621&previousCapId=26322&previousTitle=CEPHALON%20INC |title=Gregory Winter: Executive Profile & Biography – Businessweek |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=8 May 2001 |access-date=5 April 2013}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bicycletherapeutics.com/ |title=www.bicycletherapeutics.com |publisher=bicycletherapeutics.com |date=10 December 2012 |access-date=5 April 2013}}</ref>
He worked on the Scientific Advisory Board of ''Covagen'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.covagen.com/index.php?id=113 |title=Covagen AG &#124; September 2011: Sir Gregory Winter joins Covagen's Scientific Advisory Board |publisher=Covagen.com |date=20 September 2011 |access-date=5 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426054658/http://www.covagen.com/index.php?id=113 |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.covagen.com/index.php?id=114 |title=Covagen AG &#124; Scientific Advisory Board |publisher=Covagen.com |access-date=5 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426054844/http://www.covagen.com/index.php?id=114 |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (now part of [[Cilag]]) and is also the chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board for Biosceptre International Limited.

In 1989, Winter was a founder of [[Cambridge Antibody Technology]], one of the early commercial biotech companies involved in antibody engineering. One of the most successful antibody drugs developed was HUMIRA ([[adalimumab]]), which was discovered by Cambridge Antibody Technology as D2E7, and developed and marketed by [[Abbott Laboratories]]. HUMIRA, an antibody to [[TNF alpha]], was the world's first fully human antibody,<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/nbt0407-380 |pmid=17420735 |title=Billion dollar babies—biotech drugs as blockbusters |journal=[[Nature Biotechnology]] |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=380–2 |year=2007 |last1=Lawrence |first1=Stacy|s2cid=205266758 }} {{closed access}}</ref> which went on to become the world's top selling pharmaceutical with sales of over $18Bn in 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hardmanandco.com/docs/default-source/newsletters/global-pharmaceuticals---2017-industry-stats---april-2018.pdf |title=Global Pharmaceutical 2017 Industry Statistics |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220958/http://www.hardmanandco.com/docs/default-source/newsletters/global-pharmaceuticals---2017-industry-stats---april-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cambridge Antibody Technology was acquired by [[AstraZeneca]] in 2006 for £702m.<ref>[http://www.astrazeneca.com/media/latest-press-releases/2006/5266?itemId=3891617 http://www.astrazeneca.com/media/latest-press-releases/2006/5266?itemId=3891617] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102190027/http://www.astrazeneca.com/media/latest-press-releases/2006/5266?itemId=3891617 |date=2 January 2010 }}</ref>

In 2000, Winter founded Domantis to pioneer the use of domain antibodies, which use only the active portion of a full-sized antibody. Domantis was acquired by the pharmaceutical [[GlaxoSmithKline]] in December 2006 for £230&nbsp;million.<ref name="domantis">{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/gsk-snaps-up-domantis-to-move-into-biotech-field-427735.html|title=GSK snaps up Domantis to move into biotech field|date=9 December 2006|website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mrc.ac.uk/Newspublications/News/MRC003436 GSK is to buy Domantis – a company based on discoveries by MRC scientists] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116124659/http://www.mrc.ac.uk/Newspublications/News/MRC003436 |date=16 January 2014 }} LMB webpage</ref>

Winter subsequently founded another company, Bicycle Therapeutics Limited as a start up company which is developing very small protein mimics based on a covalently bonded [[Hydrophobic effect|hydrophobic core]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Heinis |first1=C. |last2=Rutherford |first2=T. |last3=Freund |first3=S. |last4=Winter |first4=G. |year=2009 |title=Phage-encoded combinatorial chemical libraries based on bicyclic peptides |doi=10.1038/nchembio.184 |pmid=19483697 |journal=[[Nature Chemical Biology]] |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=502–507|doi-access=free }} {{closed access}}</ref>

===Awards and honours===
[[File:Greg Winter EM1B5921 (31295405977).jpg|thumb|upright|Greg Winter during Nobel press conference in Stockholm, December 2018]]
Winter was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1990|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1990]]<ref name=frs>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117013423/https://royalsociety.org/people/gregory-winter-12548/ |archive-date=17 November 2015 |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/gregory-winter-12548/ |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |location=London |title=Sir Gregory Winter CBE FMedSci FRS}}</ref> and awarded the [[Royal Medal]] by the society in 2011 "for his pioneering work in protein engineering and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, and his contributions as an inventor and entrepreneur".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://royalsociety.org/news/RS-announces-2011-Copley/ |title=Royal Society announces 2011 Copley Medal recipient |publisher=Royal Society |access-date=23 February 2012 |archive-date=12 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212203738/http://royalsociety.org/news/RS-announces-2011-Copley/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was given the [[Scheele Award]] in 1994.

In 1995, Winter won several international awards including the [[King Faisal International Prize]] for Medicine (Molecular Immunology) and in 1999, the Cancer Research Institute [[William B. Coley Award]]. Winter was formerly the Joint Head of the Division of Protein and [[Nucleic acid]] Chemistry-Biotechnology, and was Deputy Director,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/admin.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223202412/http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/admin.html|url-status=dead|title=LMB Structure|archive-date=23 February 2008}}</ref> at the [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]], Cambridge, an institution funded by the UK [[Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)|Medical Research Council]]. He was also Deputy Director of the MRC's [[Centre for Protein Engineering]] until its absorption into the Laboratory of Molecular Biology. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the [[Campaign for Science and Engineering]].<ref name="CaSE Advisory Council">{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |title=Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering |access-date=11 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828110110/http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |archive-date=28 August 2010 }}</ref> Winter was appointed [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in 1997 and [[Knight Bachelor]] in 2004. He  served as [[List of Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge|Master of Trinity College, Cambridge]] from 2012 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/master-of-trinity/ |title=Sir Gregory Winter CBE FRS appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge University |publisher=10 Downing Street |date=16 December 2011 |access-date=5 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.admin.cam.ac.uk/news/2011/12/16/master-of-trinity-college-cambridge/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712215150/http://news.admin.cam.ac.uk/news/2011/12/16/master-of-trinity-college-cambridge/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 July 2012 |title=Master of Trinity College, Cambridge &' events |publisher=University of Cambridge |access-date=5 April 2013 }}</ref> In 2015 he received the [[Wilhelm Exner Medal]].<ref>[https://www.wilhelmexner.org/medalists/sir-gregory-winter/ ''Sir Gregory Winter''], retrieved on 17 March 2020 in Wilhelmexner.org</ref>

Along with [[George P. Smith (chemist)|George Smith]], Winter was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on 3 October 2018 for his work on phage displays for antibodies (while [[Frances Arnold]] received the other half of the prize that same year "for the [[directed evolution]] of enzymes").<ref name=nobel-1 /> In 2020 he was featured on ''The Times''' 'Science Power List'.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Franklin-Wallis|first=Oliver|date=23 May 2020|title=From pandemics to cancer: the science power list|language=en|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/healthcare/article/from-pandemics-to-cancer-the-science-power-list-d23bb9b2k|access-date=2020-05-26|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/summary/|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018|access-date=2023-09-09}}</ref> In 2024 he received the [[Copley Medal]] of the Royal Society.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/medals-and-prizes/copley-medal/ Copley Medal 2024]</ref>In 2025, Winter received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref> {{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{CC-notice|cc=by4|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/gregory-winter-12548/}}

==External links==
{{Scholia|author}}
* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2018 ''Harnessing Evolution to Make Medicines''

{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry}}
{{2018 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research}}
{{FRS 1990}}
{{Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Winter, Greg}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:English biochemists]]
[[Category:English Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization]]
[[Category:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]
[[Category:Royal Medal winners]]
[[Category:Scientists from Leicester]]