View source for Green Party of California

{{short description|California affiliate of the Green Party}}
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode        = {{party color|Green Party (California)}}
| name             = Green Party of California
| logo             = Green Party California logo.svg
| logo_size        = 250px
| leader1_title    = Chairperson
| leader1_name     = 
| leader2_title    = Assembly leadership
| leader2_name     = 
| leader3_title    = Senate leadership
| leader3_name     = 
| headquarters     = 
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1990|02|04}}{{r|news-10}}
| membership_year  = 2023
| membership       = 97,253{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2023|pp=11–12}}
| ideology         = [[Green politics]]
| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| national         = [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party of the United States]]
| seats1_title     = Seats in the [[List of United States Senators from California|US Senate]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|0|2|hex={{party color|Green Party (California)}}}}
| seats2_title     = Seats in the [[United States congressional delegations from California#2023–present: 52 seats|US House]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|0|52|hex={{party color|Green Party (California)}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[Government of California#Executive branch|Statewide Executive Offices]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|0|8|hex={{party color|Green Party (California)}}}}
| seats5_title     = Seats in the [[California State Senate|State Senate]]
| seats5           = {{Composition bar|0|40|hex={{party color|Green Party (California)}}}}
| seats6_title     = Seats in the [[California State Assembly|State Assembly]]
| seats6           = {{Composition bar|0|80|hex={{party color|Green Party (California)}}}}
| seats7_title     = Other elected officials
| seats7           = 23 {{as of|2024|02|alt=(February 2024)}}<ref name="Green Officeholders">{{cite web|url=https://www.gpelections.org/greens-in-office/ |title=Greens in Office|website=Green Party of the United States|access-date=2024-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How many politicians are there in the USA? (Infographic) |url=https://poliengine.com/blog/how-many-politicians-are-there-in-the-us |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=PoliEngine |language=en}}</ref>
| website          = {{URL|https://www.cagreens.org/|www.cagreens.org}}
| state            = California
| country2         = the United States
}}
{{Green politics sidebar}}
The '''Green Party of California''' ('''GPCA''') is a [[California]] political party. The party is led by a coordinating committee, and decisions are ultimately made by general assemblies. The GPCA is affiliated with the [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party of the United States]] (GPUS).

As of February 10, 2023, there are 97,253 people registered to vote with Green party-preference, 0.44%, the sixth-largest. As of January 2022, there are twenty-nine California Green elected officials, including two elected-mayors and three in [[municipal council]]s.

==History==
On February 4, 1990, Greens gathered at [[California State University, Sacramento]], authored bylaws, founded the GPCA, and started a voter registration drive.{{r|news-10}} The GPCA adopted the leaf-G [[logo]] which cartoonist [[Harry Driggs]] designed for the Green Party of [[San Francisco]] in the 1980s and which represents the letter G of the party name as a leaf.{{efn|Driggs also represented the Es in Green as leaves.}}{{sfn|Green Party of California|n.d.c}}

===Qualifying for elections===
On January 2, 1990, a month before foundation, [[Kent Warner Smith|Kent Smith]] sent notice to the secretary of state that the GPCA intends to qualify for the June 2, 1992 primary elections.{{sfn|Smith|1990}} At that time, there were 420 people registered to vote with Green preference and, to obtain this qualification, the party needed to have registrations of at least one percent of the vote in the previous gubernatorial general election,{{efn|not the gubernatorial race, but the election as a whole, which included other races}} on December 31, 1991, the 154th day before the election.{{efn|name=replaced-w-AB-2351}}<ref>{{harvnb|Winger|1990}}; {{harvnb|Gordon|2014}}.</ref> Following the 1990 election, this amounted to 78,992 people.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1990|p=vii}}

For the voter registration drive, the GPCA had two full-time fundraisers and hired Joe Louis Hoffman as full-time organizer.<ref>{{harvnb|Winger|1991a}}; {{harvnb|Green Party of California|n.d.a}}.</ref> By November 11, 1991, the party had 50,000 people registered with GPCA preference.{{sfn|Winger|1991b}} Late that November, the party received financial support and was able to pay people for obtaining registrations on a per-registration basis.{{sfn|Winger|1992}} By 1992, the party registered over 100,000 people with GPCA preference and thereby qualified, which it since has done continuously.<ref>[[Government of California|State of California]], [[Secretary of State of California|Secretary of State]] [[#{{harvid|State of California, Secretary of State|1992a}}|1992a]], [[#{{harvid|State of California, Secretary of State|2022a}}|2022a]], pp. 8-2–8-3, and [[#{{harvid|State of California, Secretary of State|n.d.}}|n.d.]]</ref>

GPCA members used the election qualification to run for offices, each facing the none of the above vote option, and all but one advanced to the general.<ref>{{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|1992b|p=xxxii}}; {{harvnb|Harvey|1992}}.</ref> Roger Donaldson ran for state assembly district 53, later decided against it, and sent out a letter urging voters to vote for none of the above instead of him.{{sfn|Donaldson|1992}} The party did not have candidates for the presidential, nor the senatorial races.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1992b|p=xxv}}

Party registrations were down to 91,342 people on October 4, 1993.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1993|p=iv}} They must have still been at least 78,992 people on January 4, 1994, for the party was qualified for the June 7, 1994 primary elections.

The 1994 gubernatorial general election was the party’s first opportunity to earn qualification through electoral result. If the party had a candidate running for a statewide-elected office that received at least two percent of the vote, the party would maintain qualification until the next gubernatorial primary, that is if registrations stayed at least one fifteenth of one percent (0.067%) of the statewide total.{{efn|name=replaced-w-AB-2351}}{{sfn|Gordon|2014}} The GPCA did indeed have a party member, Margaret Garcia, who received 3.8% of the vote in the [[1994 California Secretary of State election|secretary of state election]], 315,079 votes, well over the two percent threshold.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1994|p=xi}}

8,900,593 people voted in the 1994 general election, raising the amount of registrations that could qualify a party to 89,006 people.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1994|p=ix}} The GPCA did not have this amount on October 24, 1995, to qualify for the March 26, 1996 primary election in this way.{{sfn|Green Party of California|n.d.b}} Had Garcia not received the total that she did, the GPCA would have lost its qualification.

In 1995, GPCA leaders, including [[Mike Feinstein]], offered [[Ralph Nader]] the party’s qualification, which Nader accepted, to become the first person to use the GPCA’s qualification in a presidential election.{{sfn|Harden|1996}} Margaret Garcia criticized this, saying “How ironic that a party espousing ‘future focus’ and long term planning is using Nader as a quick fix for our dwindling numbers.”<ref>qtd. in {{harvnb|Strecker|1996}}.</ref>

The GPCA finally met the registrations requirement in September 1996, and had 95,080 people registered with Green preference on October 7.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1996b|p=viii}} The party has met the registration requirements since. The party has also had further electoral results that could maintain the party’s qualification, in every election since first qualifying.

===Electoral milestones===
*In 1996, Greens won seats to have a majority of the city council in [[Arcata, California|Arcata]], with three of five seats, lasting until 1998.<ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press|1996}}; {{harvnb|Kirkpatrick|1997}}.</ref> In 2004, Greens won another council majority there, lasting until 2006.
*In 1999, [[Audie Bock]] won election for state assembly office in [[California's 16th State Assembly district|Assembly district 16]].
*In 2000, [[Matt Gonzalez]] won election for county office in [[San Francisco]] (which is a [[consolidated city-county]]).
*In 2006, [[Gayle McLaughlin]] won election for mayoral office in [[Richmond, California|Richmond]].

===Top-two primaries===
The GPCA opposed the June 8, 2010 primary election’s [[2010 California Proposition 14|Proposition 14]], which would remove access to the general elections from political parties, limiting access to the two candidates that received the most votes in a [[nonpartisan blanket primary]], for California offices, i.e. not for the presidential race, nor local races.{{sfn|Gonzales|Gomez|Rands|2010}} The proposition passed, faced court challenges, and survived those.

After Proposition 14’s implementation, three election cycles concluded without any Green candidates advancing from “top-two” primaries. Then, the [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2018 US House elections]] saw {{strong|three}} Green Party candidates advance to the general elections. [[Laura Wells]] ran in the [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 13|House district CA-13 election]], advanced from a six-candidate primary, and received 34,257 votes in the general election, 11.6%.<ref>{{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|2018a|p=19}}; {{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|2018b|p=7}}.</ref> [[Kenneth Mejia]] ran in the [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 34|House district CA-34 election]], advanced from a three-candidate primary, and received 41,711 votes in the general election, 27.5%.<ref>{{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|2018a|p=21}}; {{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|2018b|p=8}}.</ref> And Rodolfo Cortes-Barragan ran in the [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 40|House district CA-40 election]], advanced from the primary, and received 27,511 votes in the general election, 22.7%.<ref>{{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|2018a|p=21}}; {{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|2018b|p=9}}.</ref> Each faced off against [[California Democratic Party]] (CDP) incumbent opponents in the general elections.

In 2020, Margaret Villa became the fourth Green candidate to advance from a top-two primary when she ran in the California State Assembly [[2020 California State Assembly election#District 58|District 58 election]], and she then received 41,100 votes in the general election, 25.1%.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2020b|p=13}}

In 2022, Michael Kerr became the fifth when he ran in the US House of Representatives [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 10|District CA-10 election]], and he then received 52,965 votes in the general election, 21.1%.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2022c|p=6}}

==Platform==
The GPCA espouses [[green politics]] and the '''Ten Key Values''' of [[Ecosophy|ecological wisdom]], [[grassroots democracy]], [[social justice]], [[nonviolence]], [[decentralization]], [[community-based economics]], [[feminism]], respect for [[Diversity (politics)|diversity]], [[Solidarity|personal and global responsibility]], and [[sustainability]].{{r|gpca-bylaws;weintraub}}

==Organization==
The key values of social justice, grassroots democracy, decentralization, respect for diversity, feminism, and personal and global responsibility influence the GPCA’s structure of party membership being inclusive of California residents who are [[Suffrage|disenfranchised]] by the [[Government of California|state in California]] or the [[Federal government of the United States|US]],{{efn|provided that they affirm the Ten Key Values, and meet other criteria}} party decisions being determined by [[Popular assembly|general assemblies]], limiting the role of its coordinating committees, entrusting its power to autonomous Green parties, composing coordinating committees through yearly, staggered-term elections of six women and six of any gender, and affiliating with the [[Green Party (United States)|GPUS]].{{r|gpca-bylaws;weintraub}} The GPCA elects delegates to the [[Green National Convention]] (GNC) [[Proportional representation|proportionally]], rejecting the feature of artificial disproportionality resulting from, in examples, the [[general ticket]] or [[Electoral district#Gerrymandering|district elections]].{{efn|Betty Traynor, a leader within the party, wrote an article for ''Green Pages'' that advocates proportional representation ([[#{{harvid|Traynor|1999}}|1999]]) and referenced [[Lani Guinier]]’s book ''Lift Every Voice,'' where Guinier wrote “I began to see how, on some level, all districting is gerrymandering, meaning that the lines of voting districts are drawn by politicians to advantage those likely to support a particular viewpoint or to be sympathetic to the overtures of an individual candidate.” ([[#{{harvid|Guinier|1998}}|1998]], p. 257).}}{{sfn|Green Party of California|n.d.f|loc=subsec. 2-2.2}}

The party’s most recent general assembly was held by video teleconference on November 12, 2022.{{sfn|Green Party of California|n.d.e}} As of January 13, 2023, [[Laura Wells]] and [[David Cobb (activist)|David Cobb]] are the party’s official spokespeople; the party’s treasurer is Justin Richardson; and Jared Laiti is the GPCA liaison to the secretary of state.{{sfn|Green Party of California|n.d.d}} The GPCA has a reference page of local-Green parties at {{URL|https://www.cagreens.org/county-parties}}.

===Membership===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-block:0.5em; margin-inline-end:1em"
|+ Greens Registered on Election Qualification Dates{{efn|To reform the election code due to the consequences of Proposition 14, the [[California State Legislature]] changed the criteria by which a party could qualify for elections in 2014. The threshold to qualify for an election based on registrations is no longer derived from the vote in the preceding gubernatorial election, but rather, it is now 0.33 percent of the total number of voters registered {{harv|Gordon|2014}}.}}
|-
! Election !! Threshold !! On Date !! Registered !! Citation
|-
| [[1992 California elections|1992-06-02]] ||rowspan=2| 78,992{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1990|p=vii}} || 1991-12-31 || over 100,000 || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1992a}}
|-
| [[1994 California elections|1994-06-07]] || 1994-01-04 || unknown ||
|-
| [[1996 California elections|1996-03-26]] ||rowspan=2| 89,006{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1994|p=ix}} || 1995-10-24 || 79,825 || {{sfn|Green Party of California|n.d.b}}
|-
| [[1998 California elections|1998-06-02]] || 1997-12-30 || unknown ||
|-
| [[2000 California elections|2000-03-07]] ||rowspan=2| 86,177{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1998|p=ix}} || 1999-10-05 || 103,227 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2002 California elections|2002-03-05]] || 2001-10-02 || 144,033 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2004 California elections|2004-03-02]] ||rowspan=2| 77,389{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2002|p=ix}} || 2003-09-30 || 166,740 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2006 California elections|2006-06-06]] || 2006-01-03 || 145,786 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2008 California elections|2008-02-05]] ||rowspan=2| 88,991{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2006|p=xi}} || 2007-09-04 || 138,018 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2010 California elections|2010-06-08]] || 2010-01-05 || 111,395 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[June 2012 California elections|2012-06-05]] ||rowspan=2| 103,004{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2010|p=20}} || 2012-01-03 || 111,319 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2014 California elections|2014-06-03]] || 2013-12-31 || 108,785 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2016 California elections|2016-06-07]] || 81,129{{efn|⌈24,584,491 x 0.33%⌉}} || 2016-01-05 || 102,688 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2018 California elections|2018-06-05]] || 82,752{{efn|⌈25,076,348 x 0.33%⌉}} || 2018-01-02 || 91,631 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2020 California elections|2020-03-03]] || 83,179{{efn|⌈25,205,690 x 0.33%⌉}} || 2019-10-01 || 90,762 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|-
| [[2022 California elections|2022-06-07]] || 89,024{{efn|⌈26,976,858 x 0.33%⌉}} || 2022-01-04 || 89,997 || {{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror}}
|}
As of February 10, 2023, there are 97,253 people registered to vote with GPCA preference, 0.44%, the sixth-largest.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2023|pp=11–12}} The three counties in which the party has the most people registered are [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]] (24,829), [[San Diego County, California|San Diego]] (7,911), and [[Alameda County, California|Alameda]] counties (5,611).{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2023|pp=7, 9, and 5, respectively}} The counties in which the party has the highest percentages of the county’s registrations are [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt]] (1.68%), [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino]] (1.51%), and [[Trinity County, California|Trinity]] counties (1.03%).{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2023|p=II}}

During the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], GPCA registrations dropped 30%, from nearly 110,000 to 77,868.<ref>{{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|2015|p=7}}; {{harvnb|State of California, Secretary of State|2016a|p=7}}.</ref> Party spokesperson [[Mike Feinstein]] attributed the drop to outreach from the [[Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign|Sanders campaign]], citing mailers sent to Greens.{{sfn|Harkinson|2016}} Thousands of California Greens decided to support Sanders’ endeavor for the presidential nomination of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party of the United States of America]] (DPUSA) through voting, which, as there was a [[Semi-closed primary|semi-closed election]], necessitated reregistration either with [[California Democratic Party|CDP]] preference, or with no party preference (NPP), and then, requesting a [[Crossover voting|crossover ballot]]. [[Gayle McLaughlin]], who had won mayoral election as a Green, reregistered with NPP to vote for Sanders.{{sfn|Wildermuth|2017}} The [[Peace and Freedom Party]] (PFP) saw a similar registration drop-off.{{sfn|Harkinson|2016}} The lowest point for the GPCA was around California’s primary elections in June, and by the end of the general election, the GPCA’s registrations rose back to 94,647 people, and the PFP rose back to original levels, also.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2016c|p=7}}

[[Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign|Jill Stein 2016 campaign]] staffer Bruce Dixon hypothesized that Sanders “aims to tie up activist energies and resources till the summer of 2016 when the only remaining choice will be the usual lesser of two evils.”<ref>[[#{{harvid|Dixon|2015}}|2015]]</ref> Dixon determined that Sanders was acting as a sheepdog candidate in favor of [[Political party|party politics]] within certain parties, the DPUSA in this case,<ref>{{harvnb|Dixon|2015}}; {{harvnb|Hawkins|2015}}.</ref> despite the parties being opposed to the candidate’s cause,<ref>Dixon [[#{{harvid|Dixon|2015}}|2015]] and [[#{{harvid|Dixon|2016}}|2016]]; {{harvnb|Hawkins|2015}}; {{harvnb|Brana|2019}}.</ref> and that dissuades people from politics outside of those parties.<ref>{{harvnb|Dixon|2015}}; {{harvnb|Marshall|2015}}; {{harvnb|X|n.d.|pp=206–207}}; {{harvnb|Hawkins|2015}}; {{harvnb|Hedges|2015|loc=20:00–24:00, 26:00–29:00}}.</ref> These directives result in a lack of parties and electoral wins of candidates that would advance the sheepdog’s [[Deception|stated]] politics.{{sfn|Dixon|2015}} They also result in [[Captive market|captive constituencies]]<ref>{{harvnb|Dixon|2016}}; {{harvnb|Frank|2016}}.</ref> that feel compelled to support candidates that they deem the [[Lesser of two evils principle|lessers of two evils]].<ref>Dixon [[#{{harvid|Dixon|2015}}|2015]] and [[#{{harvid|Dixon|2016}}|2016]].</ref> Sheepdogs may advocate their strategy before exiting the electoral contest, which could occur because of disqualification, including unsuccessful primary elections, or retraction of candidacy, as was advocated by Sanders before his 2016 disqualification.<ref>{{harvnb|Strauss|2016}}; {{harvnb|Tapper|2016}}; {{harvnb|Linthicum|2016}}; {{harvnb|Nutting|2016}}.</ref>

{{clear}}

==Current elected officials==
As of January 2022, there are twenty-nine California Green elected officials, including two elected-mayors and three in [[municipal council]]s.{{sfn|Green Party of California|2022a}}

===Mayoral offices===
As of January 2023, two municipalities have Green elected-mayors:
*[[Baldwin Park, California|Baldwin Park]]: Emmanuel Estrada{{sfn|City of Baldwin Park|n.d.}}
*[[Marina, California|Marina]]: Bruce Delgado{{sfn|City of Marina|n.d.}}

===Municipal councils===
As of January 16, 2023, three Greens serve on municipal councils:
*[[Calipatria, California|Calipatria]]: Sylvia Chavez{{sfn|City of Calipatria|n.d.}}
*[[Sebastopol, California|Sebastopol]]: Stephen Zollman{{sfn|City of Sebastopol|n.d.}}
*[[Susanville, California|Susanville]]: Quincy McCourt{{sfn|City of Susanville|n.d.}}

==Election results==
===Presidential===
In the GPCA primary of the [[1996 United States presidential election|1996 presidential election]], [[Ralph Nader]] went unopposed.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1996a|p=xxv}} Nader did not receive the [[Greens/Green Party USA]] nomination, though, at ''Green Gathering ’96,'' delegates from many states stated support for Nader.{{sfn|Feinstein|2006}} In the California general election, Nader received 237,016 votes.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1996b|p=xiv}}

In the GPCA primary of the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]], results were affected by California’s [[blanket primary]] which the US Supreme Court shortly after ruled unconstitutional in ''[[California Democratic Party v. Jones]].'' [[Ralph Nader]] received a winning 94.4%, and [[Joel Kovel]], the runner-up, received 5.6%.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2000a|p=xix}} At the [[2000 Green National Convention|GNC]], in the presidential nomination election, Nader received a winning 92.5% of the potential votes, and [[Jello Biafra]] and [[Stephen Gaskin]], the runners up, received 3.1% each.{{sfn|Green Party of Colorado|n.d.}} In the California general election, Nader received 418,707 votes.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2000b|p=xxii}}

In the GPCA primary of the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 presidential election]], [[Peter Camejo]] received a winning 75.7%, and [[David Cobb (activist)|David Cobb]], the runner-up, received 11.5%.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2004a|pp=48–49}} At the [[2004 Green National Convention|GNC]], in the presidential nomination election, none of the options received majority support in the first round and, then, Camejo was eliminated because he didn’t give written indication that he would accept the nomination.{{r|2004-gnc-repts}} In the second round, Cobb received a winning 53% of the potential votes, and No Nominee, the runner up option, received 40%.{{efn|''[[Ballot Access News]]’'' report says that the GP of Florida delegation submitted 24 votes, as in the first round, one being Abstain, and ''[[The Green Papers]]’'' says they submitted 23, and no Abstain vote.}}{{r|2004-gnc-repts}} In that vote, the GPCA delegation gave to No Nominee 68.2% of its votes and to Cobb 26.5%.{{r|2004-gnc-repts}} In the California general election, Cobb received 40,771 votes, and [[Ralph Nader]], the party-independent [[write-in candidate]] that Camejo was running mate to, received 20,714 votes.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2004b|p=5}}

In the GPCA primary of the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]], [[Ralph Nader]] received a winning 60.7%, and [[Cynthia McKinney]], the runner-up, received 26.6%.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2008a|p=15}} At the [[2008 Green National Convention|GNC]], Nader did not seek the [[Green Party (United States)|GPUS]] presidential nomination and, in the presidential nomination election, McKinney received a winning 59.59% of the potential votes, and Nader, as runner up, received 14.48%.{{efn|The GPUS miscalculated the totals, giving McKinney one of Nader’s votes. ''[[Ballot Access News]]'' lumped together the differing No Nominee, None of the Above, and Uncommitted votes as votes for “Uncomm.”}}<ref>{{harvnb|Green Party of the United States|2008}}; {{harvnb|Winger|2008}}.</ref> In the California general election, McKinney received 38,774 votes, and Nader, on the [[Peace and Freedom Party]] (PFP) ballot line, received 108,381 votes.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2008b|p=8}}

In the GPCA primary of the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 presidential election]], [[Jill Stein]] received a winning 49.4%, and [[Roseanne Barr]], the runner-up, received 39.8%.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2012a|p=13}} At the [[2012 Green National Convention|GNC]], in the presidential nomination election, Stein received a winning 66.96% of the potential votes, and Barr, as runner up, received 24.91%.{{sfn|Winger|2012}} In the California general election, Stein received 85,638 votes, and Barr, on the [[Peace and Freedom Party|PFP]] ballot line, received 53,824 votes.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2012b|p=7}}

In the GPCA primary of the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], [[Jill Stein]] received a winning 76.2%, and [[Darryl Cherney]], the runner-up, received 10%.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2016b|p=13}} At the [[2016 Green National Convention|GNC]], in the presidential nomination election, Stein received a winning 82% of the potential votes, and William Kreml, the runner up, received 6%.{{efn|''[[Ballot Access News]]'' says Stein and Kreml received 239.5 and 18.25 votes, respectively, out of 292.5, and ''[[The Green Papers]]'' says they received 233.5 and 18.5, respectively, out of 286.}}<ref>{{harvnb|Winger|2016}}; {{harvnb|Berg-Andersson|Roza|n.d.b}}.</ref> In the California general election, Stein received 278,657 votes, more than tripling her 2012 vote.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2016d|p=6}} Stein did the same nationwide, receiving 1,457,218 votes.

In the GPCA primary of the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]], Howie Hawkins received a winning 36.2%, and the runner-up received 22.0%.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2020a|p=15}} At the [[2020 Green National Convention|GNC]], in the presidential nomination election, Hawkins received a winning 58.82% of the potential votes, and the runner up received 28.57%.{{efn|''[[Ballot Access News]]'' lumped together the differing No Nominee, None of the Above, and Uncommitted votes as votes for “no one,” and mistakenly has Moyowasifza-Curry receiving 3 votes from the Texas party, when she in fact received none from that party, though the total sum is correct.}}{{sfn|Winger|2020}} In the California general election, Hawkins received 81,029 votes.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2020b|p=8}}

===Gubernatorial===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Election !! Candidate !!colspan=2| Votes Received !! Citation
|-
| [[1994 California gubernatorial election#General election|1994-11-08]] || No Candidate || N/A || N/A || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1994|p=xi}}
|-
| [[1998 California gubernatorial election#General election|1998-11-03]] || [[Daniel Hamburg|Dan Hamburg]] || 104,117 || 1.24% || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1998}}
|-
| [[2002 California gubernatorial election#General election|2002-11-05]] || [[Peter Camejo]] || 393,036 || 5.30% || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2002|p=xv}}
|-
|rowspan=5| [[2003 California gubernatorial recall election|2003-10-07]] || [[Peter Camejo]] || 242,247 || 2.8% ||rowspan=5| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2003|pp=xiv–xv}}
|-
| Ivan Hall || 2,346 || 0.0%
|-
| Daniel Watts || 2,021 || 0.0%
|-
| Maurice Walker || 1,236 || 0.0%
|-
| Total || 247,850 || 2.9%
|-
| [[2006 California gubernatorial election#General election|2006-11-07]] || [[Peter Camejo]] || 205,995 || 2.3% || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2006|p=xix}}
|-
| [[2010 California gubernatorial election#General election|2010-11-02]] || [[Laura Wells]] || 129,224 || 1.2% || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2010|p=8}}
|-
| [[2014 California gubernatorial election#Primary election|2014-06-03]] || [[Luis J. Rodriguez]] || 66,872 || 1.5% || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2014|p=20}}
|-
|rowspan=4| [[2018 California gubernatorial election#Primary election|2018-06-05]] || Christopher Carlson || 7,302 || 0.1% ||rowspan=4| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2018a|p=17}}
|-
| Josh Jones || 16,131 || 0.2%
|-
| Veronika Fimbres || 62 || 0.0%
|-
| Total || 23,495 || 0.3%
|-
|rowspan=3| [[2021 California gubernatorial recall election|2021-09-14]] || Dan Kapelovitz || 64,375 || 0.9% ||rowspan=3| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2021|p=11}}
|-
| Heather Collins || 24,260 || 0.3%
|-
| Total || 88,635 || 1.2%
|-
|rowspan=3| [[2022 California gubernatorial election#Primary election|2022-06-07]] || [[Luis J. Rodriguez]] || 124,672 || 1.8% ||rowspan=3| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2022b|p=16}}
|-
| Heather Collins || 29,690 || 0.4%
|-
| Total || 154,362 || 2.2%
|}

===Election qualifying===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-block:0.5em; margin-inline-end:1em"
|-
! Election !! # !! Race !!colspan=2| Votes Received !! Citation
|-
| [[1994 California elections|1994-11-08]] || 1 || Secretary of state<br />Margaret Garcia || 315,079 || 3.83% || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1994|p=xi}}
|-
| [[1998 California elections|1998-11-03]] || 1 || Lieutenant gubernatorial<br />Sara Amir || 247,702 || 3.04% || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|1998}}
|-
|rowspan=7| [[2002 California elections|2002-11-05]] || 1 || Gubernatorial<br />[[Peter Camejo]] || 393,036 || 5.30% ||rowspan=7| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2002|p=xv}}
|-
| 2 || Lieutenant gubernatorial<br />Donna Warren || 307,254 || 4.20%
|-
| 3 || Secretary of state<br />Larry Shoup || 282,340 || 3.90%
|-
| 4 || Controller<br />[[Laura Wells]] || 419,873 || 5.80%
|-
| 5 || Treasurer<br />Jeanne-Marie Rosenmeier || 356,077 || 4.90%
|-
| 6 || Attorney general<br />Glen Mowrer || 283,173 || 3.90%
|-
| 7 || Insurance commissioner<br />David Sheidlower || 277,667 || 3.90%
|-
|rowspan=7| [[2006 California elections|2006-11-07]] || 1 || Gubernatorial<br />[[Peter Camejo]] || 205,995 || 2.3% ||rowspan=7| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2006|p=xix}}
|-
| 2 || Lieutenant gubernatorial<br />Donna Warren || 239,107 || 2.8%
|-
| 3 || Secretary of state<br />Forrest Hill || 181,369 || 2.2%
|-
| 4 || Controller<br />[[Laura Wells]] || 260,047 || 3.2%
|-
| 5 || Treasurer<br />Mehul Thakker || 201,670 || 2.4%
|-
| 6 || Attorney general<br />Michael Wyman || 195,130 || 2.3%
|-
| 7 || Insurance commissioner<br />Larry Cafiero || 270,218 || 3.2%
|-
|rowspan=4| [[2010 California elections|2010-11-02]] || 1 || Secretary of state<br />Ann Menasche || 286,694 || 3% ||rowspan=4| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2010|p=8}}
|-
| 2 || Treasurer<br />Charles "Kit" Crittenden || 231,160 || 2.4%
|-
| 3 || Attorney general<br />Peter Allen || 258,879 || 2.7%
|-
| 4 || Insurance commissioner<br />William Balderston || 252,301 || 2.6%
|-
|rowspan=4| [[2014 California elections|2014-06-03]] || 1 || Lieutenant gubernatorial<br />Jena Goodman || 98,338 || 2.4% ||rowspan=4| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2014|p=20}}
|-
| 2 || Secretary of state<br />David Curtis || 121,618 || 3%
|-
| 3 || Controller<br />[[Laura Wells]] || 231,352 || 5.7%
|-
| 4 || Treasurer<br />[[Ellen Brown]] || 270,388 || 6.6%
|-
| [[2018 California elections|2018-06-05]] || 1 || Secretary of state<br />[[Mike Feinstein]]<br />Erik Rydberg || 185,432 || 2.80% || {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2018a|p=17}}
|-
|rowspan=4| [[2022 California elections|2022-06-07]] || 1 || Gubernatorial<br />[[Luis J. Rodriguez]]<br />Heather Collins || 154,362 || 2.2% ||rowspan=4| {{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2022b|p=16}}
|-
| 2 || Secretary of state<br /> Gary Blenner || 205,630 || 3.0%
|-
| 3 || Controller<br />[[Laura Wells]] || 258,053 || 3.8%
|-
| 4 || Attorney general<br />Dan Kapelovitz || 219,912 || 3.2%
|}
In 2014, to reform the election code due to the consequences of Proposition 14, the [[California State Legislature]] changed the criteria by which a party could qualify for elections. The threshold to qualify based on electoral results is now based on the sum of the votes cast for {{em|all}} of a party’s candidates for a statewide-elected office in the preceding gubernatorial {{em|primary}} election.{{sfn|Gordon|2014}}

For 2022 elections of statewide executive offices, the GPCA, together with the [[Peace and Freedom Party|PFP]], undertook a cooperative ballot-access strategy in continuation of the [[Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign|Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign’s]] attempt for “left unity”, consisting of endorsing an inter-party slate.{{sfn|Green Party of California|2021}} A success, Greens met the threshold in the four races that the slate endorsed Greens. [[Luis J. Rodriguez]] was the slate’s gubernatorial candidate, and Heather Collins, another Green, deviated from the slate and also ran in that race, and only together did they receive votes to meet the threshold. Other Greens that deviated from the slate did not meet the threshold. Veronika Fimbres in the [[2022 California Insurance Commissioner election|insurance commissioner election]] did not meet the threshold.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2022b|p=16}} James “Henk” Conn and Pamela Elizondo in the US [[2022 United States Senate elections in California|senatorial election]] did not meet the threshold.{{sfn|State of California, Secretary of State|2022b|p=17}}

{{clear}}

==Notable members==
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Barbara Becnel]]
*[[Medea Benjamin]]
*[[Jello Biafra]]
*[[Audie Bock]]
*[[Ellen Brown]]
*[[Peter Camejo]]
*[[Darryl Cherney]]
*[[David Cobb (activist)]]
*[[Harry Driggs]]
*[[Mike Feinstein]]
*[[Matt Gonzalez]]
*[[Daniel Hamburg]]
*[[Nativo Lopez]]
*[[Gayle McLaughlin]]
*[[Kenneth Mejia]]
*[[Ross Mirkarimi]]
*[[Larry Robinson (poet)]]
*[[Luis J. Rodriguez]]
*[[Kent Warner Smith]]
*[[Charlene Spretnak]]
*[[Dona Spring]]
*[[Laura Wells]]
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Green Party (United States)]]
*[[Richmond Progressive Alliance]]

==Notes==
{{notelist|22.5em|refs=<!--
	-->{{efn|name=replaced-w-AB-2351|These criteria were replaced with the passage of Assembly Bill No. 2351.}}<!--
	-->{{efn|name=st-cali,sos-ror|see the secretary of state’s Report of Registration page at {{URL|https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/report-registration}}}}}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist|22.5em|refs=<!--
	-->{{r|gpca-bylaws;weintraub|r={{harvnb|Green Party of California|2022b|loc=art. 2, sec. 3-1, sec. 4-1, sec. 4-2, sec. 4-4, art. 5, subsec. 8-2.1, sec. 11-1}}; {{harvnb|Weintraub|1992}}.}}<!--
	-->{{r|news-10|r={{harvnb|News 10|1990}}, note the next segment on the Moscow protest that happened on Feb. 4, 1990, see e.g. {{harvnb|Remnick|1990}}.}}<!--
	-->{{r|2004-gnc-repts|r={{harvnb|Berg-Andersson|Roza|n.d.a}}; {{harvnb|Winger|2004}}.}}}}

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}}
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}}
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	|last1=Weintraub|first1=Daniel M.
	|date=1992-01-03
	|title=Environmentalist Green Party May Have Ballot Spot
	|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]
	|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-01-03-mn-5724-story.html
	|archive-date=2019-05-30
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530044330/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-01-03-mn-5724-story.html
}}
*{{cite web|url-status=live
	|last1=Wildermuth|first1=John
	|date=2017-12-30
	|title=Ex-Richmond mayor looks to bring a Bernie Sanders approach to Sacramento
	|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]
	|publisher=[[Hearst Newspapers]]
	|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Ex-Richmond-mayor-looks-to-bring-a-Bernie-Sanders-12463132.php
	|archive-date=2018-11-07
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107072612/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Ex-Richmond-mayor-looks-to-bring-a-Bernie-Sanders-12463132.php
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=1990-03-12
	|title=Additional Registration Figures
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=5
	|number=11
	|url=https://www.ballot-access.org/1990/BAN.1990.03-12-90.pdf
	|archive-date=2023-01-13
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113160652/https://www.ballot-access.org/1990/BAN.1990.03-12-90.pdf
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=April 3, 1991a
	|title=Green Party News
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=7
	|number=1
	|url=https://www.ballot-access.org/1991/04-03-91.pdf
	|archive-date=2022-12-14
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214085829/http://www.ballot-access.org/1991/04-03-91.pdf
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=November 11, 1991b
	|title=1992 Petitioning
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=7
	|number=9
	|url=https://www.ballot-access.org/1991/11-11-91.pdf
	|archive-date=2023-01-13
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113164447/https://www.ballot-access.org/1991/11-11-91.pdf
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=1992-01-02
	|title=California Green Party Qualifies
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=7
	|number=9
	|url=https://www.ballot-access.org/1992/1-2-92.pdf
	|archive-date=2023-01-13
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113164809/https://www.ballot-access.org/1992/1-2-92.pdf
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=2004-08-01
	|title=Greens Nominate Cobb
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=20
	|number=4
	|page=5
	|url=https://www.ballot-access.org/2004/0801.html
	|archive-date=2023-01-09
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109103528/https://www.ballot-access.org/2004/0801.html
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=2008-08-01
	|title=Green Party Presidential Convention Vote
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=24
	|number=4
	|url=https://www.ballot-access.org/2008/080108.html
	|archive-date=2023-01-09
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109074403/https://www.ballot-access.org/2008/080108.html
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=2012-08-01
	|title=Green Party Presidential Convention Vote
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=28
	|number=3
	|page=4
	|url=https://ballot-access.org/2012/09/01/ballot-access-news-august-2012-print-edition/
	|archive-date=2023-01-08
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108143310/https://ballot-access.org/2012/09/01/ballot-access-news-august-2012-print-edition/
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=2016-09-01
	|title=Green Party Presidential Convention Vote
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=32
	|number=4
	|url=https://ballot-access.org/2016/10/01/september-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition/
	|archive-date=2023-01-08
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108135814/https://ballot-access.org/2016/10/01/september-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition/
}}
*{{cite journal|url-status=live
	|last1=Winger|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Winger
	|date=August 2020
	|title=Green Party Presidential Convention Vote
	|journal=[[Ballot Access News]]
	|volume=36
	|number=3
	|url=https://ballot-access.org/2020/08/30/august-2020-ballot-access-news-print-edition/
	|archive-date=2023-01-08
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108192536/https://ballot-access.org/2020/08/30/august-2020-ballot-access-news-print-edition/
}}
*{{cite book|url-status=live
	|last1=X|first1=Malcolm|author-link=Malcolm X
	|date=n.d.
	|editor=Sandeep S. Atwal
	|chapter=Columbia University on November 20, 1963
	|title=Malcolm X: Collected Speeches, Debates and Interviews (1960-1965)
	|publisher=Online University of the Left
	|pages=189–209
	|url=http://ouleft.org/wp-content/uploads/malcolm-collected.pdf
	|archive-date=2017-06-22
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622114741/http://ouleft.org/wp-content/uploads/malcolm-collected.pdf
}}

==External links==
*[https://cagreens.org/ Green Party of California]
*[https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10573486 Green Party of California Archives in the Hoover Library Collection]
*[https://twitter.com/GPCA Green Party of California Twitter]
*[https://www.prorepcoalition.org/ ProRep Coalition]

==Further reading==
*{{cite web|url-status=dead
	|last1=Bershidsky|first1=Leonid|author-link=Leonid Bershidsky
	|date=2016-09-23
	|title=Two Parties Aren't Enough for All U.S. Voters
	|work=[[Bloomberg News]]
	|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2016-09-23/two-parties-aren-t-enough-for-all-u-s-voters
	|archive-date=2019-06-01
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601065129/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2016-09-23/two-parties-aren-t-enough-for-all-u-s-voters
}}
*{{cite web|url-status=live
	|last1=Gerston|first1=Larry
	|date=2016-10-05
	|title=Top-two reform tilts California toward one-party rule
	|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]
	|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-gerston-top-two-primary-senate-race-20161005-snap-story.html
	|archive-date=2018-11-09
	|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109050659/https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-gerston-top-two-primary-senate-race-20161005-snap-story.html
}}

{{CaliforniaPoliticalParties}}
{{Green Party of the United States}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Green Party Of California}}
[[Category:Political parties in California|GreenParty]]
[[Category:Green Party of the United States by state|C]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1991]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in California]]
[[Category:State and local socialist parties in the United States]]
[[Category:Socialism in California]]