View source for Granada War Relocation Center

{{Short description|National Historic Site of the United States in Colorado}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{infobox NRHP
| name = Granada War Relocation Center<br/><small>Amache National Historic Site</small>
| nrhp_type = nhl
| nrhp_type2 = nhs
| image = Granada Relocation Center, Amache, Colorado. A general all over view of a section of the emergency . . . - NARA - 539071.jpg
| caption = A general view of a section of the site looking north and west.
| location = 23900 County Road FF, [[Granada, Colorado]]
| coordinates = {{coord|38.04962|-102.3286|type:city_region:US-CO_source:map|name=Amache|display=it}}
| locmapin                 = USA#USA Colorado
| map_label                = Amache&nbsp;National Historic Site
| label_position           = left
| area = 
| built = 1942
| architect = US Army Corps of Engineers; Lambie, Moss, Litle, and James
| architecture = 
| designated_nrhp_type = February 10, 2006<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web
 |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1144263924&ResourceType=Site 
 |title=Granada Relocation Center 
 |access-date=2007-10-16 
 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing 
 |publisher=National Park Service 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605234353/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1144263924&ResourceType=Site 
 |archive-date=2008-06-05 
}}</ref>
| added = May 18, 1994<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
| refnum = 94000425
<ref name="nris"/>
| designated_nrhp_type2 = March 18, 2022
| website = [https://www.nps.gov/amch/index.htm Amache National Historic Site]
}}

'''Granada War Relocation Center''', known to the internees as '''Camp Amache''' ({{IPAc-en|a:|m|a:|tʃ|i}} {{respell|ah|mah|chee}}) and later designated the '''Amache National Historic Site''', was a [[concentration camp]] for [[Japanese Americans]] in [[Prowers County, Colorado]]. Following the Japanese [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] on December 7, 1941, Japanese Americans on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] were rounded up and sent to remote camps.

The camp, located {{convert|1.3|mi}} southwest of the small farming community of [[Granada, Colorado|Granada]], south of {{nowrap|[[U.S. Highway 50 (Colorado)|U.S. Highway 50]]}},<ref name="SI"/> was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on May 18, 1994, and designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] on February 10, 2006.<ref name="nhlsum"/><ref name="nhlnom">{{Cite web|title=National Historic Landmark Nomination: Granada Relocation Center / Camp Amache / Amache/5PW48 |url={{NHLS url|id=94000425}} |format=PDF|date=August 2004 |author1=Thomas H Simmons |author2=R. Laurie Simmons |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=94000425|title=Accompanying photos, exterior and interior, from 19 and 19.|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(32&nbsp;KB)}}</ref> On March&nbsp;18, 2022, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Joe Biden]] signed the Amache National Historic Site Act<ref name=Amache_Act>{{cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2497/text|title=Amache National Historic Site Act|publisher=[[117th United States Congress]]|date=March 18, 2022|access-date=March 19, 2022}}</ref> authorizing the Granada War Relocation Center to become part of the [[National Park Service|National Park System]].<ref name=Amache_NHS>{{cite web|url=https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/president-biden-designates-amache-national-historic-site-americas-newest-national-park|title=President Biden Designates Amache National Historic Site as America's Newest National Park|publisher=[[United States Department of the Interior]]|date=March 18, 2022|access-date=March 19, 2022}}</ref> It was formally established as part of the National Park Service on February 15, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amache National Historic Site Formally Established as America’s Newest National Park - Office of Communications (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1207/amache-national-historic-site-formally-established-as-america-s-newest-national-park.htm |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref> the [[List of national historic sites in Colorado|third National Historic Site in Colorado]] after [[Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site|Bent's Old Fort]] and the site of the [[Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site|Sand Creek Massacre]].

==History==
Following the Japanese [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] on December 7, 1941, President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] authorized the forced relocation of Japanese Americans living on the West Coast with [[Executive Order 9066]]. Over the spring of 1942, some 120,000 Japanese Americans were moved into temporary [[Wartime Civilian Control Administration|assembly centers]] before being transferred to more permanent and isolated relocation centers like Granada. Run by the [[War Relocation Authority]], the government body responsible for administration of the incarceration program, Granada was one of ten such camps, the only one to be built on private land.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mundt |first=Heather |date=May 7, 2024 |title=The Amache National Historic Site: How an abandoned confinement site became the newest US national park |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240506-the-amache-national-historic-site-how-an-abandoned-prison-became-the-newest-us-national-park |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> The camp site covered {{convert|10,000|acres|km2}}, of which only {{convert|640|acres|km2}} was used for residential, community and administrative buildings, while the rest was devoted to agricultural projects. The land was owned by several ranchers and farmers before the war, and only one of these property owners willingly sold his acreage to make way for the camp, creating tension between the WRA and the other landholders, whose parcels were taken via [[Eminent domain|condemnation]]. This did not necessarily translate to overall resistance to Japanese Americans being housed in the area: Colorado Governor [[Ralph Lawrence Carr]] was one of the few to welcome the Japanese Americans and the only governor not to oppose the establishment of a WRA camp in his state, going against the [[Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States|anti-Japanese]] sentiment of the times.<ref name=Clark>{{cite web |author=Bonnie J. Clark |url=http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Amache%20%28Granada%29/ |title=Amache (Granada) |publisher=Densho Encyclopedia |access-date=6 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311082601/http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Amache%20(Granada)/ |archive-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:First evacuee arrivals at Granada.jpg|thumb|Japanese American evacuees stand or sit with their suitcases and belongings in front of an [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]] [[Passenger car (rail)|passenger car]] on August 30, 1942. The men and women wait for the bus ride to Camp Amache, Granada Relocation Center, southeastern Colorado. ''U.S. War Relocation Authority photo'']] 
Granada opened August 27, 1942, and reached a peak population of 7,318 persons by February 1943, making it the smallest of the WRA camps (although the total number who passed through the camp during its three-year existence was over 10,000). Nearly all of the camp's original internees came from California: southwest [[Los Angeles]], the Central Valley and the northern coast.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lest We Forget: The Japanese and America's Wartime Mistake|last1=Williams|first1=Joyce E.|last2=Coleman|first2=Alice M.|publisher=Cummings and Hathaway|year=1992|isbn=0943025400|location=East Rockway, NY|page=72}}</ref> Many had been residents of the [[Yamato Colony, California|Yamato Colony]], a farming settlement established by [[Issei]] businessman [[Kyutaro Abiko]].<ref name=Clark/>

[[File:Amache Prowers, late 19th century.png|thumb|[[Amache Prowers]], Cheyenne mediator, wife of [[John Wesley Prowers]], late 19th century]]
The camp's unofficial name quickly became Camp Amache, named after a [[Cheyenne]] chief's daughter, [[Amache Prowers]], the wife of [[John Wesley Prowers]]. (The county where Camp Amache is located is named after Prowers.)<ref>Valerie J. Matsumoto. ''Farming the Home Place: A Japanese American Community in California, 1919-1982'' (Cornell University, 1993), p 119.</ref>

The Camp Amache residential area is spread atop a low hill, which prevented the flooding and mud problems which plagued other WRA camps, although the area was prone to high winds and severe dust storms.<ref name=Clark/> It was surrounded by barbed-wire fencing, with eight machine-gun towers located all around the camp. However, all eight towers were rarely manned at one time, and the guns were never used. The Project Director, [[James G. Lindley]], allowed internees to take day trips to the town of Granada, located within walking distance of the camp, and although some locals remained hostile to their "Jap" neighbors, most eventually warmed to the internees, with many business owners hiring Japanese Americans and stocking goods that catered to their Amache customers.<ref name=Clark/>

Although relations with the residents of Granada and other nearby communities were largely positive, many Coloradans protested the construction of Amache High School in 1943. The region was still recovering from the [[Great Depression in the United States|Depression]] of the 1930s, and citizens argued their tax dollars should not go to support Japanese American students. Echoing widespread rumors that the WRA was "coddling" confined Japanese Americans while the rest of the country suffered from wartime shortages, U.S. Senator [[Edwin C. Johnson]] called it an example of "pampering" the enemy. The high school was completed in June 1943, but plans to construct two additional schools for elementary and junior high students were abandoned; middle schoolers shared the Amache High building with older students, while elementary school classes continued in a barracks in Block 8H.<ref name=Clark/><ref name="Amache.org/schools">Amache Preservation Society, [http://www.amache.org/schools/ "Schools"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128063923/http://www.amache.org/schools/ |date=2015-01-28 }}</ref> There were several clubs, extracurricular activities, and social events that were available to students of all grade levels in Amanche High School.<ref>{{cite web | title = Harold S. Jacoby Nisei Collection | url = https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/jacoby-nisei/index.html | website = scholarlycommons.pacific.edu | access-date = February 14, 2021}}</ref>

Sources indicate that the high school [[American football|football]] team lost one game in three years. One noteworthy event was when the Amache football team played the undefeated football team from Holly, Colorado, which is located just {{convert|11|mi|km|1}} east of Amache on U.S. 50. This game was unique because Holly actually agreed to come up to the camp and play Amache on their home field. One of the Holly team players was [[Roy Romer]], who went on to become Governor of Colorado. The Amache team won this game by a score of 7-0, the only touchdown coming from a trick play, thus the Amache team can claim to be undefeated on their own field.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amache Preservation Society|url=https://amache.org/amache-preservation-society/|website=Amache Preservation Society}}</ref>

Adults in camp had various opportunities for employment. The camp had a police department which was worked by sixty Japanese American internees, although it was headed by a white security officer. Similarly, the Amache Fire Department consisted of three crews of Japanese American firefighters and one internee fire chief working under white supervisors.<ref name="Amache.org/infrastructure">Amache Preservation Society, [http://www.amache.org/infrastructure/ "Infrastructure"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107221539/http://www.amache.org/infrastructure/ |date=2014-11-07 }}</ref> Some (though not many) who had earned teaching credentials prior to their confinement were employed in the camp schools.<ref name="Amache.org/schools"/> A [[silkscreen]] shop was established in 1943, and its forty-five staff members created training materials and over 250,000 color posters for the U.S. Navy, in addition to calendars, program events and other personal-use items for camp residents.<ref name=Clark/> As in all the WRA camps, doctors, nurses, dentists, and other healthcare workers found work at the camp hospital, although they were paid significantly less than their white coworkers — and fellow internees often pooled money to subsidize their low wages.<ref name="Amache.org/infrastructure"/>

Most of the work in Granada was directed at agricultural production. Like most of the other WRA camps, the land surrounding the residential areas were devoted to farming and raising livestock. The WRA budget restricted the per-inmate food allotment to 45 cents a day, partly to avoid the complaints of coddling and partly because the camp was intended to be mostly self-sufficient in its food production. These efforts proved especially successful at Granada, where internee laborers produced enough to feed the entire camp population and send the surplus to the U.S. Army and other camps. (In 1943, for example, Granada farmers grew 4 million pounds of vegetables.)<ref name=Clark/><ref>Amache Preservation Society, [http://www.amache.org/agriculture-at-amache/ "Agriculture at Amache"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107222742/http://www.amache.org/agriculture-at-amache/ |date=2014-11-07 }}</ref>

[[Image:GranadaBoyScoutMemorialParade5.jpg|thumb|Boy Scout Memorial Day parade at the Granada War Relocation Center, Amache, Colorado, 1943.]]

Internee leaders set up a separate ''Amache District'' for [[Scouting in Colorado|Boy Scouts]] at the camp. These Scouts still flew the American flag as seen in the photograph at right of a Boy Scout [[Memorial Day]] parade at the camp.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

In June 1942, the War Department authorized the formation of the 100th Infantry Battalion consisting of 1,432 men of Japanese descent in the Hawaii National Guard and sent them to Camps McCoy and Shelby for advanced training.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.densho.org/100th%20Infantry%20Battalion/ |title=100th Infantry Battalion &#124; Densho Encyclopedia |publisher=Encyclopedia.densho.org |access-date=2020-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909125238/http://encyclopedia.densho.org/100th%20Infantry%20Battalion/ |archive-date=2019-09-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> Because of its superior training record, the Army's previous restrictions against Nisei (listed as enemy aliens ineligible for active service after Pearl Harbor) were lifted in order to create the 442nd RCT in January 1943 when 10,000 men from Hawaii signed up with eventually 2,686 being chosen along with 1,500 from the mainland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.densho.org/442nd%20Regimental%20Combat%20Team/ |title=442nd Regimental Combat Team &#124; Densho Encyclopedia |publisher=Encyclopedia.densho.org |access-date=2020-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220143733/http://encyclopedia.densho.org/442nd%20Regimental%20Combat%20Team/ |archive-date=2019-12-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> The 100th Infantry Battalion entered combat in September 1943 and it became known as the Purple Heart Battalion because of their heroism and horrific casualties. It was joined by the 442nd RCT in June 1944 and together it lived up to the motto "Go For Broke" because of the degree to which its soldiers risked their lives in battle and became the most highly decorated unit in the war and to this day, for its size and length of service. Eventually, 441 Nisei joined the U.S. Army from this camp, either volunteering or accepting their conscription into the famed 100th/442nd and MIS. In the southwest corner of the camp is a small cemetery and memorial dedicated to the Japanese Americans from there who volunteered to fight in Europe in World War II. A large stone memorial with 31 men's names engraved in it sits in the cemetery in memory of those soldiers from Amache who died defending the U.S.<ref name="SI">{{cite web |last1=Kuta |first1=Sarah |title=Japanese American Incarceration Camp in Colorado Receives Federal Protection |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/japanese-american-internment-camp-in-colorado-receives-federal-protection-180979871/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine: Smart News |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=14 April 2022 }}</ref>

==Preservation and designation==
[[File:Granada War Relocation Center Entrance.jpg|thumb|Granada War Relocation Center as seen in August 2019. Interpretive signs are visible.]]

Since 1990, the Amache Preservation Society, a Granada high school group, has worked on preservation of the site and its documents.<ref name="nhlnom"/><ref>Wagner, Mary Jo (September 11, 2014) [http://www.amerisurv.com/content/view/13034/153/ "Capturing Amache's Life Story"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010210406/http://www.amerisurv.com/content/view/13034/153/ |date=2014-10-10 }} ''The American Surveyor'' (Frederick, Maryland)</ref> As a school project, [[Granada Undivided High School]] students have set up a museum for the Granada War Relocation Center.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

On December 21, 2006, President [[George W. Bush]] signed H.R. 1492 into law guaranteeing $38,000,000 in federal money to restore the Granada relocation center and nine other former Japanese American internment camps.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/12/20061221-2.html|title=President Signs H.R. 1492, H.R. 3248, H.R. 6342, and H.R. 6429|website=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov|access-date=Apr 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042209/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/12/20061221-2.html|archive-date=September 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Granada Relocation Center National Historic Site Acts were introduced in 2006<ref>{{Cite web|title=Details for S. 2698 (109th): Granada Relocation Center National Historic Site Act of 2006|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/109/s2698/details|access-date=2021-04-14|website=GovTrack.us|language=en}}</ref> and 2007<ref>{{Cite web|title=Details for S. 125 (110th): Granada Relocation Center National Historic Site Act of 2007|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/110/s125/details|access-date=2021-04-14|website=GovTrack.us|language=en}}</ref> by Colorado Sen. [[Wayne Allard]] but got no traction.

In April 2021, Colorado U.S. Representatives [[Ken Buck]] and [[Joe Neguse]] introduced the Amache National Historic Site Act (HR 2497).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Neguse|first=Joe|date=2022-02-18|title=H.R.2497 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Amache National Historic Site Act|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2497|access-date=2022-02-24|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parks group welcomes bipartisan bill to make Amache a National Historic Site|url=https://www.npca.org/articles/2900-parks-group-welcomes-bipartisan-bill-to-make-amache-a-national-historic|access-date=2021-04-14|website=National Parks Conservation Association|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kim|first=Caitlyn|title=New Buck-Neguse Bill Would Make Amache Colorado's Next National Historic Site|url=https://www.cpr.org/2021/04/14/new-buck-neguse-bill-would-make-amache-colorados-next-national-historic-site/|access-date=2021-04-14|website=Colorado Public Radio|language=en}}</ref> [[Joe Biden|President Joe Biden]] signed the act into law on March 18, 2022, authorizing the site to become part of the [[National Park Service]] pending acquisition of property.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Us |first=Contact |title=Laws & Policies - Amache National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/amch/learn/management/lawsandpolicies.htm |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref> The NPS completed a Special Resource Study on the site in October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Amache Special Resource Study |url=https://parkplanning.nps.gov/document.cfm?documentID=123965 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>

==Notable internees==
*[[Kaneji Domoto]] (1913&ndash;2002), an architect and landscape architect
*{{Interlanguage link|Toichi Domoto|qid=Q108450851}} (1902&ndash;2001), nurseryman, noted horticulturist (camellias)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb8f59p20j&brand=calisphere&doc.view=entire_text|title=Toichi Domoto}}</ref>
*[[Robert Hamada (professor)|Robert S. Hamada]] (born 1937), the Edward Eagle Brown Distinguished Service Professor of Finance and former Dean of the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business
*[[Mike Honda]] (born 1941), an American politician
*[[Lawson Fusao Inada]] (born 1938), an American poet.  Also interned at [[Jerome War Relocation Center|Jerome]]
*{{Interlanguage link|Joseph Ishikawa|qid=Q108451082}} (1919–2017), an art museum director at Michigan State University, and community activist<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://host.madison.com/news/local/obituaries/ishikawa-joseph-b/article_0347ca7d-278b-5deb-b36a-17ec7af2ebdd.html|title=Ishikawa, Joseph B.|work=madison.com|access-date=2018-02-08|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208182832/http://host.madison.com/news/local/obituaries/ishikawa-joseph-b/article_0347ca7d-278b-5deb-b36a-17ec7af2ebdd.html|archive-date=2018-02-08|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Yasuhiro Ishimoto]] (1921&ndash;2012), an influential photographer
*[[Kiyoshi K. Muranaga]] (1922&ndash;1944), a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the [[Medal of Honor]]
*[[Lily Yuriko Nakai Havey|Yuriko Nakai]] (born 1932), watercolor artist and author
*[[Emiko Nakano]] (1925–1990), abstract expressionist painter, printmaker<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Cornell|first1=Daniell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFEkAQAAMAAJ|title=Asian American Modern Art: Shifting Currents, 1900-1970|last2=Johnson|first2=Mark Dean|date=2008|publisher=Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco|isbn=978-0-520-25864-8|pages=151–152|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Walter Oi]] (1929&ndash;2013), the Elmer B. Milliman Professor of Economics at the University of Rochester and fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
*[[Arthur Okamura]] (1932&ndash;2009), a screen print artist
*[[Chiyoko Takahashi|Chiyoko Sakamoto]] (1912&ndash;1994), California’s first Japanese American female lawyer
*[[Sab Shimono]] (born 1937), an actor.  Also interned at [[Tule Lake Unit, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument|Tule Lake]].
*[[Mari Yoriko Sabusawa]] (1920–1994), a translator, activist, and philanthropist
*[[Pat Suzuki]] (born 1930), a popular singer and actress
*[[Esther Takei Nishio]] (1925–2019), "test case" as the first internee to return and enroll in a California university in 1944
*[[Tetsuo Toyama]] (1883{{En dash}}1971), Japanese journalist. Also interned at  [[Jerome War Relocation Center]]
*[[Tokio Ueyama]] (1889–1954), painter<ref>{{Cite web |title=Denver Art Museum presents The Life and Art of Tokio Ueyama in Summer 2024 {{!}} Denver Art Museum |url=https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/press/release/denver-art-museum-presents-life-and-art-tokio-ueyama-summer-2024 |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=www.denverartmuseum.org}}</ref>
*[[Edison Uno]] (1929&ndash;1976), a Japanese American civil rights advocate. Also interned at the [[Crystal City Internment Camp]].
*[[Ruth Taiko Watanabe]] (1916&ndash;2005), a music librarian
*[[George Yuzawa]] (1915&ndash;2011), a community activist

==In popular culture==
* Author [[Sandra Dallas]] uses Granada as the basis of her fictional work ''Tallgrass''.<ref>Dallas, Sandra. - Novels: [http://www.sandradallas.com/fiction/tallgrass.html ''Tallgrass''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408074208/http://www.sandradallas.com/fiction/tallgrass.html |date=2009-04-08 }}. - SandraDallas.com.</ref>
* [[Lily Yuriko Nakai Havey]], an internee at Amache, published a memoir of her time in the camp, ''Gasa Gasa Girl Goes to Camp'', in 2014.<ref>[http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/ref/collection/upcat/id/1916 "Gasa Gasa Girl Goes to Camp" website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715092749/http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/ref/collection/upcat/id/1916 |date=2014-07-15 }}, University of Utah Press.</ref>
*Camp Amache figures in [[Ann Howard Creel]]'s novel [[''The Magic of Ordinary Days'']] as the place where two important minor characters live.

==See also==
{{portal|Geography|History|United States|Colorado}}
*[[Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project]]
*[[Gila River War Relocation Center]]
*[[Heart Mountain War Relocation Center]]
*[[Jerome War Relocation Center]]
*[[Manzanar|Manzanar National Historic Site]]
*[[Minidoka National Historic Site]]
*[[Poston War Relocation Center]]
*[[Rohwer War Relocation Center]]
*[[Topaz War Relocation Center]]
*[[Tule Lake War Relocation Center]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Harvey, Robert. ''Amache: The Story of Japanese Internment in Colorado during World War II''. Dallas: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2003.
* Johnson, Melyn. "At Home in Amache." ''Colorado Heritage'' (1989): 2-10.
* Turkewitz, Julie. "Revisiting a World War II Internment Camp, as Others Try to Keep Its Story From Fading". New York Times, MAY 17, 2015, [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/18/us/revisiting-a-world-war-ii-internment-camp-as-others-try-to-keep-its-story-from-fading.html?_r=0 Revisiting a World War II Internment Camp, as Others Try to Keep Its Story From Fading]

==External links==
{{sister project links|auto=yes}}
{{sister project links|Amache National Historic Site|auto=yes}}
* [https://www.nps.gov/amch/index.htm Official website] of the [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm National Park Service]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060902172419/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/02-10-06%20NHL%20Designation.pdf National Historic Landmark designation announcement]
* [https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/archives/amache Amache Japanese Internment Camp at the Colorado State Archives]
* [http://amache.org/Atamache.htm At Camp Amache]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061114115756/http://www.seemonkeyphotography.com/amache/ Amache Revisited in 2004]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100527152135/http://www.coloradocollege.edu/library/SpecialCollections/Manuscript/Amache/Amache.html Finding aid, with links to digitized materials, for collections concerning Camp Amache at Colorado College Special Collections]
*[http://digital.auraria.edu/amache Camp Amache Collections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184441/http://digital.auraria.edu/amache |date=November 8, 2018 }} in [http://digital.auraria.edu/ Auraria Library Digital Collections]
* [http://www.amache.org/ Amache Preservation Society]
* [http://northbaydigital.sonoma.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/amache Camp Amache Digital Collection] at [http://library.sonoma.edu/ Sonoma State University Library]
* [http://coloradopreservation.org/projects/current-projects/granada-relocation-center/ Granada Relocation Center - Colorado Preservation Inc.] - plans for improving the site
* "[http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Granada%20Pioneer%20%28newspaper%29/ Granada Pioneer (newspaper)]," Gil Asakawa, ''Densho Encyclopedia''
* "[http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Amache%20Silk%20Screen%20Shop/ Amache Silk Screen Shop]," Dana Ogo Shew, ''Densho Encyclopedia''
{{Japanese American internment camps|state=expanded}}
{{Colorado}}
{{Protected areas of Colorado}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in Colorado}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Amache National Historic Site| ]]
[[Category:1942 establishments in Colorado]]
[[Category:1945 disestablishments in Colorado]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Colorado]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Prowers County, Colorado]]
[[Category:Geography of Prowers County, Colorado]]
[[Category:Ghost towns in Colorado]]
[[Category:History of Colorado]]
[[Category:Internment camps for Japanese Americans]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Colorado]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Colorado]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Prowers County, Colorado]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1942]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2022]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Prowers County, Colorado]]
[[Category:Residential buildings completed in 1942]]
[[Category:Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado]]
[[Category:Temporary populated places on the National Register of Historic Places]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Colorado]]
[[Category:U.S. Route 50]]