View source for Governor-General of Belize

{{Short description|Representative of the Belizean monarch}}
{{Infobox official post
| post                    = Governor-General
| body                    = Belize
| native_name             = 
| insignia                = Coat of arms of Belize.svg
| insigniasize            = 
| insigniacaption         = [[Coat of arms of Belize]]
| insigniaalt             = 
| flag                    = Flag of the Governor-General of Belize.svg
| flagsize                = 
| flagalt                 = 
| flagborder              = 
| flagcaption             = Flag of the governor-general
| image                   = Dame Froyla Tzalam.jpg
| imagesize               = 
| alt                     = 
| imagecaption            = 
| incumbent               = [[Dame Froyla Tzalam]]
| acting                  = 
| incumbentsince          = 27 May 2021
| department              = 
| style                   = [[Excellency|Her Excellency]]
| status                  = 
| abbreviation            = 
| member_of               = 
| reports_to              = 
| residence               = [[Government House, Belize]] (former)<br />[[Belize House]], [[Belmopan]] (since 1984)
| seat                    = 
| nominator               = 
| appointer               = [[Monarch of Belize]]
| appointer_qualified     = on the advice of the [[Prime Minister of Belize|prime minister]]
| termlength              = 7 years
| termlength_qualified    = 
| constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Belize]]
| formation               = 21 September 1981
| first                   = [[Dame]] [[Elmira Minita Gordon]]
| last                    = 
| abolished               = 
| deputy                  = 
| salary                  = [[Belize dollar|BZ$]]75,000
| website                 = {{url|https://govgen.gov.bz/|Official website}}
| footnotes               = 
}}
{{Politics of Belize}}

The '''governor-general of Belize''' is the representative of the [[Monarchy of Belize|Belizean monarch]], currently King [[Charles III]], in [[Belize]]. The governor-general is appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the [[prime minister of Belize]]. The functions of the governor-general include appointing [[Cabinet of Belize|ministers]], judges, and ambassadors; giving [[royal assent]] to [[legislation]] passed by the [[National Assembly (Belize)|National Assembly]]; and issuing [[writs for election]].

In general, the governor-general observes the conventions of the [[Westminster system]] and [[responsible government]], maintaining a political neutrality, and has to act only on the advice of the prime minister. The governor-general also has a ceremonial role: hosting events at the official residence{{mdash}}Belize House in the capital, [[Belmopan]]{{mdash}}and bestowing honours to individuals and groups who are contributing to their communities. When travelling abroad, the governor-general is seen as the representative of Belize and its monarch.

Governors-general are appointed for a seven-year term of office. Since 27 May 2021, the governor-general has been [[Dame Froyla Tzalam]].

The office of the governor-general was created on 21 September 1981, when Belize gained independence from the United Kingdom as a sovereign state and an independent constitutional monarchy. Since then, three individuals have served as governor-general.

==Appointment==

The governor-general is formally appointed by the monarch of Belize. When a new governor-general is to be appointed, the current prime minister recommends a name to the monarch, who by convention accepts that recommendation. At the installation ceremony, the new governor-general takes an Oath of Allegiance and Office.<ref name=ggbz>[https://www.belizelaw.org/web/e_library/constitution_04.html Part IV: The Governor-General]</ref> These oaths are administered by the chief justice of Belize.

==Functions==
{{External media |float=left |headerimage=[[File:Colville Young Embassy 2011.jpeg|250px|border]] |caption=Governor-General [[Sir Colville Young]] (left) attending a diplomatic function at US Embassy Belize, 2011 |video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06cFKdYfVL8 Role of the Governor General in Belize's Government] Source: ''Channel 5 Belize''}}
The governor-general's powers and roles are derive from the Constitution of Belize's Part IV, sections 30 to 35 and set out certain provisions relating to the governor-general.<ref name=ggbz/>

{{rquote|right|<small>''I intend to carry out the constitutional role of this office with the required diligence. It is also my hope that time will permit me to carry out more than my constitutional duties. This is an institution with its own culture, however, like all institutions, it is inhabited by people.''</small>|Governor-General [[Dame Froyla Tzalam]], 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/219267|title=Froyla T’zalam Installed as Governor General|date=27 May 2021|work=Channel5Belize|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018044433/https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/219267|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}

===Constitutional role===

The governor-general is responsible for dissolving parliament and issues writs for new elections. After an election, the governor-general formally requests the leader of the political party which gains the support of a majority in parliament to form a government. The governor-general commissions the prime minister and appoints other ministers after the election.<ref>[https://www.belizelaw.org/web/e_library/constitution_05.html Part V: The Executive]</ref>

The prime minister keeps the governor-general fully informed concerning the general conduct of the government of Belize and furnishes the governor-general with such information as the governor-general may request with respect to any particular matter relating to the government of Belize.<ref name=ggbz/>

The governor-general, on the Sovereign's behalf, gives [[royal assent]] to laws passed by the National Assembly of Belize.<ref>[https://www.belizelaw.org/web/e_library/constitution_06.html Part VI: The Legislature]</ref>

The governor-general acts on the advice of government ministers, to issue regulations, proclamations under existing laws, to appoint state judges,<ref>[https://www.belizelaw.org/web/e_library/constitution_07.html Part VII: The Judiciary]</ref> ambassadors and high commissioners to overseas countries, and other senior government officials.

The governor-general is also responsible for issuing Royal Commissions of Inquiry, and other matters, as required by particular legislation; and authorises many other executive decisions by ministers such as approving treaties with foreign governments.

The governor-general may, in certain circumstances, exercise without – or contrary to – ministerial advice. These are known as the reserve powers, and include:
*appointing a prime minister if an election has resulted in a 'hung parliament'.
*dismissing the prime minister after the prime minister lost the confidence of the parliament.
*dismissing any minister acting unlawfully.
*refusing to dissolve the House of Representatives despite a request from the prime minister.

===Ceremonial role===

{{multiple image
| total_width = 220px
| perrow      = 1/1
| image1      = GG Tzalam with US charge d'affairs.jpg
| caption1    = Governor-General [[Froyla Tzalam]] with Leyla Moses-Ones, US Chargé d'Affaires, 2021
| image2      = 08.17 「同慶之旅」總統拜會貝里斯總督.jpg
| caption2    = Governor-General [[Sir Colville Young]] with President Tsai of Taiwan, 2018
}}

The governor-general's ceremonial duties include opening new sessions of parliament by delivering the [[Speech from the Throne]], welcoming visiting heads of state, and receiving the credentials of foreign diplomats.

The governor-general attends military parades and special occasions, and presents Colours and other insignia to units of the [[Belize Defence Force]] and the Police Force.

The governor-general also presents honours at investitures to persons for notable service to the community, or for acts of bravery.

==Privileges==

===Salary===

The ''Governor-General (Conditions of Service) Act 1989'' defines the salary, pension and other entitlements of the governor-general.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.belizelaw.org/web/lawadmin/PDF%20files/cap007.pdf|title=GOVERNOR-GENERAL (CONDITIONS OF SERVICE) ACT|publisher=Belize Legal Information Network|date=31 December 2000|accessdate=23 December 2021}}</ref> The act was amended in 2021 to provide for a fixed seven-year term of office and raise the governor-general's salary to [[Belize dollar|BZ$]]75,000.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2021/07/05/governor-general-to-get-higher-salary-health-insurance-pension-its-just-the-decent-thing-to-do/|title=Governor-General to get higher salary, health insurance, pension: 'It's just the decent thing to do'|publisher=Breaking Belize News|date=5 July 2021|accessdate=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nationalassembly.gov.bz/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Governor-General-Conditions-of-Service-Amendment-Bill-2021.pdf|title=GOVERNOR-GENERAL (CONDITIONS OF SERVICE) (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2021|publisher=National Assembly of Belize|accessdate=23 December 2021}}</ref> This was the first increase in salary since 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://amandala.com.bz/news/psu-asks-gg-to-defer-salary-increase/|title=PSU asks GG to defer salary increase|publisher=Amandala|date=24 July 2021|accessdate=23 December 2021}}</ref>

===Symbols===

[[File:Flag of the Governor-General of Belize.svg|thumb|Flag of the governor-general of Belize]]

The governor-general uses a personal flag, which features a [[Lions passant|lion passant]] atop a [[St. Edward's Crown|St. Edward's]] [[Crown (heraldry)#Commonwealth usage|royal crown]] with "Belize" written across a scroll underneath, all on a blue background. It is flown on buildings and other locations in Belize to mark the governor-general's presence.

A viceregal [[Honors music|salute]] —composed of the first verse of "[[God Save the King]]" followed by the chorus of the Belizean National Anthem, "[[Land of the Free (anthem)|Land of the Free]]"— is used to greet the governor-general upon arrival at, and mark his or her departure from most official events.<ref>{{cite news|title=New Governor-General takes office: 'I will build bridges'|date=27 May 2021|url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2021/05/27/new-governor-general-take-office-i-will-build-bridges/|work=Breaking Belize News}}</ref>

===Residences===

The governor general resided at [[Government House, Belize]] until 1984, even after the capital had moved to [[Belmopan]] in 1970. In 1984, the governor general moved to [[Belize House]] in Belmopan, formerly the residence of the British High Commission on North Ring Road and Melhado Parade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-belmopan|title=British High Commission Belmopan - GOV.UK|first1=North Ring Road/Melhado ParadePO Box 91 Belmopan Belize General enquiries +501 822 2146/2147/2717/2981 Use our contact form for consular enquiries:www gov uk/contact-consulate-belmopanFor enquiries that are not about consular|last1=issues|first2=8:00am to|last2=Noon|first3=1:00pm to 4:00pmFri: 0800-1400Consular section opening hours:Monday to Thursday: 09:00 to 11:00Fridays: Closed|last3=Access|first4=Opening|last4=Times|website=www.gov.uk}}</ref>

==List of governors-general==
Following is a list of people who have served as Governor-General of Belize since independence in 1981.

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes Acting Governors-General}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small>
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" | Monarch<br><small>(Reign)</small>
|-
!Took office
!Left office
!Time in office
|-
| 1
| [[File:Insigne Belizae.svg|70px]]
| [[Elmira Minita Gordon|Dame Elmira Minita Gordon]]<br />{{small|(1930–2021)}}
| <small>21 September</small><br>1981
| <small>17 November</small><br>1993
| {{ayd|1981|9|21|1993|11|17}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:#eaecf0; border-style: solid solid none solid ;" |[[File:Elizabeth II (1).jpg|70px]]<br>'''[[Elizabeth II]]'''<br><small>(1981–2022)</small>
|-
| 2
| [[File:Colville Young Embassy 2011 (cropped).jpeg|70px]]
| [[Colville Young|Sir Colville Young]]<br />{{small|(b. 1932)}}
| <small>17 November</small><br>1993
| <small>30 April</small><br>2021
| {{ayd|1993|11|17|2021|4|30}}
|-
|-style="background:#e6e6aa;"
| –
| [[File:Stuart Leslie 2022.jpg|70px]]
| [[Stuart Leslie]]<br />{{small|(b. ?)}}<br>{{small|Acting Governor-General}}
| <small>30 April</small><br>2021
| <small>27 May</small><br>2021
| {{ayd|2021|4|30|2021|5|27}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | 3
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Dame Froyla Tzalam.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Dame Froyla Tzalam]]<br />{{small|(b. ?)}}
| rowspan=2 | <small>27 May</small><br>2021
| rowspan=2 |''Incumbent''
| rowspan=2 | {{ayd|2021|5|27}}
| style="background:#eaecf0 ; border-style: none solid solid solid ;" |
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background:#eaecf0" | [[File:King Charles III (July 2023).jpg|70px]]<br>'''[[Charles III]]'''<br />{{small|(2022–present)}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of prime ministers of Belize]]
* [[List of colonial governors and administrators of British Honduras]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[[Constitution of Belize|Belize Constitution]]

{{Belize topics}}
{{Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and Dominions}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Governor-General Of Belize}}
[[Category:Lists of governors-general|Belize, List of Governors-General of]]
[[Category:Politics of Belize]]
[[Category:Government of Belize]]
[[Category:Governors-general of Belize| ]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Belize|Governors-General]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in Belize]]