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{{Short description|11th-century Hindu yogi and saint}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name           = Gorakhnath
| image          = Gorakshanath.jpg
| caption        = Statue of Gorakhnath performing yogic [[meditation]] in [[lotus position]] at Laxmangarh temple, India
| religion       = [[Hinduism]]
|flourished = 11th,12th, or 14th century
| philosophy     = [[Hatha yoga]]
| sect           = ''[[Nath Sampradaya]]'' (sect of [[Shaivism]])
| honors         = Mahayogi
| founder        = Nath monasteries and temples
| guru           = [[Matsyendranath]]
| known_for      = [[Hatha yoga]],{{sfn|Guy L. Beck|1995|pp=102–103}}<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/> Nath Yogi organisation, Guru, Gorakhpur
| literary_works = 
}}

'''Gorakhnath''' (also known as '''Gorakshanath''' (Sanskrit: '''''Gorakṣanātha''''') ([[Devanagari]] : गोरक्षनाथ / गोरखनाथ),<ref>{{cite book |author=Bruce M. Sullivan |title=Historical Dictionary of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvhGP8NRx4QC |year=1997|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-3327-2|pages=96, 149}}</ref> c. early 11th century) was a [[Hindu]] [[yogi]], [[mahasiddha]] and [[saint]] who was the founder of the [[Nath]] Hindu monastic movement in [[India]].{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=228}} He is considered one of the two disciples of [[Matsyendranath]]. His followers are known as [[yogi|Jogi]], ''Gorakhnathi'', ''Darshani'' or ''Kanphata''.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=1}}

He was one of nine saints, or [[Navnath]], and is known in Maharashtra, India.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|pp=228–250}} [[Hagiography|Hagiographies]] describe him to be a person outside the laws of time who appeared on earth during different ages.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=249}} Historians agree that Gorakhnath lived sometime during the first half of the 2nd millennium CE, but there is some disagreement about which century he lived. Estimates based on archaeological and textual evidence range from Briggs' estimate of the 11th to 12th century{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=249}} to Grierson's estimate of the 14th century.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|pp=228–230}}

Gorakhnath is considered a ''Maha-yogi'' (or "great yogi") in Hindu tradition.{{sfn|Akshaya Kumar Banerjea|1983|pp=23–25}} He did not emphasise a specific metaphysical theory or a particular [[Truth in Hinduism|Truth]], but emphasised that the search for Truth and the spiritual life is a valuable and normal goal of man.{{sfn|Akshaya Kumar Banerjea|1983|pp=23–25}} Gorakhnath championed [[Yoga]], spiritual discipline and an ethical life of [[Self-liberation|self liberation]] as a means to reaching [[samadhi]].{{sfn|Akshaya Kumar Banerjea|1983|pp=23–25}}

Gorakhnath, his ideas, and his yogis have been popular in rural India, with monasteries and temples dedicated to him found in many states of India, particularly in the eponymous city of [[Gorakhpur]].<ref name="whitesiddhayogi7">{{Citation|last=White|first=David Gordon|title=The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India|pages=7–8|year=2012|publisher=University of Chicago Press|author-link=David Gordon White}}</ref><ref name=lorenzenmunozx>David N. Lorenzen and Adrián Muñoz (2012), Yogi Heroes and Poets: Histories and Legends of the Naths, SUNY Press, {{ISBN|978-1438438900}}, pp. x–xi</ref>

==Biography==
===Historian accounts===
[[File:Guru Nanak in-discussion with Gorakhnath, painting from an 1830's Janamsakhi (life stories) 02.jpg|thumb|Painting from an 1830's Janamsakhi series depicting a meeting and discussion between Gorakhnath (wearing orange) and Guru Nanak (wearing green).]]
Historians disagree on when Gorakhnath lived. Briggs estimates 11th to 12th century,{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=249}} while Abbott argues that [[Fariduddin Ganjshakar|Baba Farid]] documents and [[Dnyaneshwari|Jnanesvari]] manuscripts place Gorakhnath in the 13th century.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|pp=230, 242–243}} Grierson, relying on evidence discovered in Gujarat, suggests the 14th century.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|pp=230, 242–243}} Gorakhnath is referenced in the poetry of [[Kabir]] and of [[Guru Nanak]] of [[Sikhism]], which describe him as a very powerful leader with a large following.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|pp=236–242}}

Historical texts imply that Gorakhnath was a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] in a region influenced by Shaivism, but then converted to Hinduism, championing [[Shiva]] and [[Yoga]].{{sfn|Briggs|1938|pp=229, 233–235}} Gorakhnath led a life as an exponent of ideas of Kumarila and [[Adi Shankara]] that championed the Yogic and [[Advaita Vedanta]] interpretation of the Upanishads.{{sfn|Akshaya Kumar Banerjea|1983|pp=xli, 303–307}} Gorakhnath considered the controversy between [[Dualistic cosmology#Theistic dualism|dualism]] and [[Nonduality (spirituality)|nondualism]] in medieval India as useless from a practical point of view. According to Banerjea, He emphasised that the choice is that of the yogi, and that spiritual discipline and practice by either path leads to "perfectly illumined samadhi state of the individual phenomenal consciousness."{{sfn|Akshaya Kumar Banerjea|1983|pp=xli, 307–312}}

===Hagiographic accounts===
The [[hagiography]] on Gorakhnath describe his appearance on earth several times.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=249}} The legends do not provide a birth time or place, and consider him to be superhuman.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=229}} North Indian hagiographies suggest he originated from northwest India ([[Punjab region|Punjab]], with some mentioning [[Peshawar]]).{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=229}} Other hagiographies in [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]] suggest he originated from eastern region of India ([[Assam]]).{{sfn|Briggs|1938|p=229}}

Available hagiographies offer varying records of the spiritual descent of Gorakhnath. All name [[Adinath (yogi)|Adinath]] and [[Matsyendranath]] as two teachers preceding him, though one account lists five [[guru]]s preceding Adinath, and another lists six teachers between Matsyendranath and Gorakhnath. Current tradition has Adinath placed with [[Shiva]] as the direct teacher of [[Matsyendranath]], who was himself the direct teacher of Gorakhnath.{{sfn|Briggs|1938|pp=229–231}}

==Nath Sampradaya==
[[File:Hindi Manuscript 884 Wellcome L0024562.jpg|thumb|Illustrated manuscript depiction of Gorakhnath with [[Ganesha]]]]
The [[Nath]] existed before Gorakhnath, however the writings and works attributed to Gorakhnath are an important part of the Nath Jogi/Yogi heritage. It has been purported{{Weasel inline|date=December 2023}} that Gorakhnath wrote the first books on [[Laya yoga]]. In India there are many caves, many with temples built over them, where it is said that Gorakhnath spent time in meditation. According to [[Bhagawan Nityananda]], the samadhi shrine (tomb) of Gorakhnath is at Nath Mandir near the [[Vajreshwari temple]] about one kilometre from Ganeshpuri, [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhagawannityananda.org/bn5.html|title=Discipleship|access-date=13 May 2007|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905173447/http://www.bhagawannityananda.org/bn5.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Legends state that Gorakhnath and Matsyendranath did penance in Kadri Temple at Mangalore, Karnataka. They were also instrumental in laying Shivlingam at Kadri and Dharmasthala.

The temple of ''Gorakhnath'' is situated on hill called Garbhagiri near Vambori, Tal Rahuri; Dist Ahmednagar. There is also a temple of Gorakhnath in the state of Odisha.

===Gorakhnath Math===
[[File:Gorakhnath mandir.jpg|thumb|Gorakhnath mandir in Gorakhpur, India]]   
The [[Gorakhnath Math]] is a monastery of the Nath monastic group named after the medieval saint, Gorakhnath (c. 11th century), of the Nath sampradaya. The math and town of [[Gorakhpur]] in Uttar Pradesh is named after him. The monastery and the temple perform various cultural and social activities and serve as the cultural hub of the city. The monastery also publishes texts on the philosophy of Gorakhnath.{{sfn|Akshaya Kumar Banerjea|1983|p={{page needed|date=August 2020}}}}

A shrine existed at the site from older times which was converted into a mosque by Ala-ud-din Khilji.{{sfn|Briggs|1938}} A smaller shrine was built by Nath Sampraday's followers at a later time. Later additions were made in 18th, 19th and 20th century by devotees and yogis of the order. The math is situated  in a Muslim majority area and is a centre of syncretism among devotees and visitors from diverse communal background.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Shashank |title=Khichdi Mela in Gorakhnath Math : Symbols, Ideas and Motivations |journal=Society and Culture in South Asia |date=July 2017 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=135–156 |doi=10.1177/2393861717706296 |s2cid=157212381 |language=en |issn=2393-8617}}</ref>

==Influence==

===''Hatha yoga''===
Some scholars associate the origins of [[Hatha yoga]] with the [[Nath]] yogis, in particular Gorakhnath and his guru [[Matsyendranath]].<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{cite web |title=Hatha Yoga |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2007 |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hatha-Yoga |access-date=3 April 2017 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905232215/http://www.britannica.com/topic/Hatha-Yoga |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=mallinsongnyogi>{{cite journal |author=[[James Mallinson (author)|James Mallinson]] |year=2014 |url=https://www.academia.edu/5304343 |title=The Yogīs' Latest Trick |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |series=Third Series |volume=24 |pages=165–180 |doi=10.1017/S1356186313000734 |s2cid=161393103 |quote=That these Nāth Yogīs were the originators and foremost exponents of haṭhayoga is a given of all historical studies of yoga. But these Yogīs were in fact the willing and complicit beneficiaries of the semantic confusion which has caught out White and many other scholars |doi-access=free |access-date=5 April 2017 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712111617/https://www.academia.edu/5304343 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Gerald James Larson|Ram Shankar Bhattacharya|Karl H. Potter|2008|p=140}} According to British [[Indology|indologist]] [[James Mallinson (author)|James Mallinson]], this association is false.<ref name=mallinsongnyogi/> In his view, the origins of hatha yoga should be associated with the [[Dashanami Sampradaya]] of [[Advaita Vedanta]]{{sfn|James Mallinson|2011|pp=331–332 with footnote 22}} (Hinduism), the mystical figure of [[Dattatreya]],{{sfn|James Mallinson|2012|pp=26–27}} and the [[Ramananda|Rāmānandīs]].{{sfn|James Mallinson|2012|pp=26–27, Quote: "Thee key practices of hathayoga—including complex, non-seated āsanas [...] whose first descriptions are found in Pāñcarātrika sources—originated among the forerunners of the Dasnāmīs and Rāmānandīs."}}

While the origins of Hatha yoga are disputed, according to Guy Beck, a professor of Religious Studies known for his studies on Yoga and music, "the connections between Goraknath, the Kanphatas and Hatha yoga are beyond question".{{sfn|Guy L. Beck|1995|pp=102–103}}

===''Langars'' (community kitchens)===
According to Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, a professor in Asian languages and cultures, the Gorakhnath orders were operating free community kitchens in [[Punjab]] before Guru Nanak founded Sikhism.<ref name="Mandair2013p252">{{cite book |author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEP0Ty-GuVEC|title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4411-1708-3|page=25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair: Bloomsbury Publishing (US) |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/author/arvindpal-singh-mandair/ |website=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126191202/https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/author/arvindpal-singh-mandair/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Gorakhnath shrines have continued to operate a ''[[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]]'' and provide a free meal to pilgrims who visit.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Geaves|first=Ron|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o2fXAAAAMAAJ|title=Saivism in the Diaspora: Contemporary Forms of Skanda Worship|date=2007|publisher=Equinox Pub.|isbn=978-1-84553-234-5|language=en|page=145}}</ref>
[[File:Gorakhnath or Goraksanath Temple Mrigasthali Pasupati Kathmandu Nepal Rajesh Dhungana (4).jpg|thumb|246x246px|Gorakhnath temple within the zone of [[Pashupatinath Temple|Pashupatinath Temple, Nepal]]]]

===Nepal===
{{main|Gurkha}}
The [[Gurkhas]] of Nepal take their name from Gorakhnath.{{sfn|Gerald James Larson|Ram Shankar Bhattacharya|Karl H. Potter|2008|pp=440–441}} [[Gorkha District|Gorkha]], a historical district of Nepal, is also named after him. A cave exists in Gorkha with his paduka (footprints) and an idol.<ref name="nepcen2018">{{Cite web| title = Gorkha: The Historical Landmark of Nepal| work = Nepal Sanctuary Treks| access-date = 15 June 2020| date = 10 September 2018| url = https://www.nepalsanctuarytreks.com/gorkha/| archive-date = 15 June 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200615041755/https://www.nepalsanctuarytreks.com/gorkha/| url-status = live}}</ref> Every year, on the day of Baisakh Purnima, a celebration known as Rot Mahotsav takes place in the cave; it has purportedly been celebrated for the last seven hundred years.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gauron |first1=Julianne |title=Nepal's Rot Festival at Gorhka's Durbar Palace |url=https://www.snowontheroad.com/recent-travels-1 |website=SNOW ON THE ROAD |language=en |access-date=7 September 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331005219/https://www.snowontheroad.com/recent-travels-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Brief Introduction |url=http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/en/brief-introduction/ |website=District Coordination Committee Office Gorkha |access-date=7 September 2020 |archive-date=11 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911232420/http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/en/brief-introduction |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Goraksh or Ratnanath or Choughara Temple Chaughara Ghorahi Dang Nepal Rajesh Dhungana (12).jpg|thumb|244x244px|Gorakhnath temple of [[Dang Deukhuri District|Dang valley, Nepal]], also popularly called as Ratnanath temple]]
According to William Northey and John Morris, legend states that a disciple of Machendra by name Gorakhnath once visited Nepal and retired to a small hill near Deo Patan. There, he meditated in an unmovable state for twelve years. The locals built a temple in his honour there.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Northey |first1=W. B. |last2=Morris |first2=C. J. |date=2001  |title=The Gurkhas: Their Manners, Customs, and Country. |publisher=Asian Educational Services}}</ref>

[[Dang Deukhuri District|Dang valley]] of Nepal, located in the south-west of the country close to India, is regarded as one of the historically significant place for the disciples of Gorakhnath for over 1300 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय – Shri Goraksha Patradewota Shree Siddharatnanath Math |url=https://goraksharatnanath.org/?page_id=10575 |access-date=17 July 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> As per the legend, the king of Dang named Ratnaparikshak was initiated by Gorakhnath in the valley's forest and later became a famed siddha called Ratnanath, and built a temple. Ratnanath travelled across the sub-continent to spread the teachings of [[Hatha yoga]].<ref>Gorakhnath and Kanphata Yogis. Briggs, G. (1938). Available at:https://ia801500.us.archive.org/3/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.170504/2015.170504.Gorakhnath-And-The-Kanphata-Yogis_text.pdf</ref> 

===''Siddhar'' tradition===
In the [[Siddhar]] tradition of [[Tamil Nadu]], Gorakhnath is one of the 18 esteemed [[Siddhar|Siddhars]] of yore, and is also known as [[Korakkar]].<ref>{{cite thesis |author= R. N. Hema |date= December 2019 |title= Biography of the 18 Siddhars |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338534110 |publisher= National Institute of Siddha |access-date= 2 June 2023 |archive-date= 16 May 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230516054945/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338534110_BIOGRAPHY_OF_18_SIDDHARS |url-status= live }}</ref> [[Siddhar]] [[Agastya]] and [[Siddhar]] [[Bogar|Bhogar]] were his [[guru|gurus]]. There is a temple in Vadukku Poigainallur, [[Nagapattinam]], Tamil Nadu which specifically houses his [[Jiva|Jeeva]] [[Samadhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=18 Siddhars |url=https://soonyata.home.xs4all.nl/18siddhars.htm |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=www.satsang-darshan.com |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512081309/https://soonyata.home.xs4all.nl/18siddhars.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to one account, he spent much of his youth in the [[Velliangiri Mountains]], [[Coimbatore]].

There are various other shrines honouring [[Korakkar]], including ones located in [[Perur]], [[Thiruchendur]] and [[Trincomalee]]. [[Korakkar]] Caves are found in both [[Sathuragiri Hills|Sathuragiri]] and the [[Kolli Hills]], where he is noted to have practised his sadhana. Like his colleagues, the 18 [[Siddhar|Siddhars]], [[Korakkar]] wrote cryptic [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poetry pertaining to [[Hindu medicine|medicine]], [[Hindu philosophy|philosophy]] and [[Rasayana|alchemy]]. He was one of the first to use [[cannabis]] in his medicinal preparations for certain ailments; as a result, it gained the name Korakkar Mooligai (Korakkar's Herb).<ref>{{cite thesis |author= R. N. Hema |date= December 2019 |title= Biography of the 18 Siddhars |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338534110 |publisher= National Institute of Siddha |access-date= 2 June 2023 |archive-date= 16 May 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230516054945/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338534110_BIOGRAPHY_OF_18_SIDDHARS |url-status= live }}</ref>[[File:Fresco depicting Gorakhnath from Udasi Chitta Akhara in Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Fresco depicting Gorakhnath from Udasi Chitta Akhara in Amritsar|235x235px]]
===West Bengal – Assam – Tripura - Bangladesh===
The [[Bengali Hindu]] community in the states of [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]], and [[Assam]], and the country [[Bangladesh]] have a sizeable number of people belonging to the ''Nath Sampradaya'', named as ''Nath'' or ''Yogi Nath'', who have taken the name from Gorakhnath.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Briggs |first1=George Weston |title=Gorakhnāth and the Kānphaṭa Yogīs |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0564-4 |page=243 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYsNzdUZ9lAC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhaṭṭācārya |first1=Āśutosha |title=Folklore of Bengal |date=1978 |publisher=National Book Trust, India |page=124,132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bgiAAAAMAAJ&q=nath++Community+of+bengal+gorakhnath |language=en}}</ref> They were marginalised in Medieval Bengal.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Debnath |first1=Kunal |title=The Naths of Bengal and Their Marginalisation During the Early Medieval Period |journal=Studies in People's History |date=June 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=45–56 |doi=10.1177/23484489231157499 |s2cid=259185097 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/23484489231157499 |language=en |issn=2348-4489 |access-date=22 July 2023 |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722111425/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/23484489231157499 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> 

==Works==
[[Romola Butalia]], an Indian writer of Yoga history, lists the works attributed to Gorakhnath as including the ''Gorakṣaśataka'', ''Goraksha Samhita'', ''Goraksha Gita'', ''Siddha Siddhanta Paddhati'', ''Yoga Martanda'', ''Yoga Siddhanta Paddhati'', ''[[Yogabīja]]'', ''[[Yogacintamani]]''.{{cn|date=March 2022}}

===''Siddha Siddhanta Paddhati''===
The ''Siddha Siddhanta Paddhati'' is a [[Hatha Yoga]] Sanskrit text attributed to Gorakhnath by the [[Nath]] tradition. According to [[Georg Feuerstein|Feuerstein]] (1991: p.&nbsp;105), it is "one of the earliest hatha yoga scriptures, the ''Siddha Siddhanta Paddhati'', contains many verses that describe the [[avadhuta]]" (liberated) yogi.<ref>[[Georg Feuerstein|Feuerstein, Georg]] (1991). 'Holy Madness'. In ''[[Yoga Journal]]'' May/June 1991. With calligraphy by Robin Spaan. Source: [https://books.google.com/books?id=lekDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA105 p. 105] (accessed: 29 February 2011)</ref>{{sfn|Gerald James Larson|Ram Shankar Bhattacharya|Karl H. Potter|2008|p=453}}

The ''Siddha Siddhanta Paddhati'' text is based on an [[Advaita Vedanta|advaita (nonduality)]] framework, where the yogi sees "himself in all beings, and all in himself" including the identity of the individual soul ([[Atman (Hinduism)|Atman]]) with the universal ([[Brahman]]).{{sfn|Gerald James Larson|Ram Shankar Bhattacharya|Karl H. Potter|2008|pp=440–441}} This idea appears in the text in various forms, such as the following:

{{Quote|
The four varna (castes) are perceived to be located in the nature of the individual, i.e. Brahmana in ''sadacara'' (righteous conduct), Ksatriya in ''saurya'' (valor and courage), Vaisya in ''vyavasaya'' (business), and Sudra in ''seva'' (service). A yogin experiences all men and women of all races and castes within himself. Therefore he has no hatred for anybody. He has love for every being.
|Gorakhnath|''Siddha Siddhanta Paddhati III.6-8'' (Translator: D Shastri){{sfn|Gerald James Larson|Ram Shankar Bhattacharya|Karl H. Potter|2008|p=440}}}}

==See also==
*''[[Gorakh Aya]]''
*''[[Maya Machhindra]]''
*[[Gorakhnath Temple]]
*[[Yogi Nath]]
*[[Gorakh Hill]]
*[[Korakkar]]
*[[Ghorahi|Ratan Nath Temple]]
*[[Tilla Jogian]]
*[[List of Hindu gurus and saints]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |author=Akshaya Kumar Banerjea |year=1983 |title=Philosophy of Gorakhnath with Goraksha-Vacana-Sangraha |location=Delhi |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-8120805347}}
* {{cite book |last=Briggs |first=G.W. |year=1938 |title=Gorakhnath and the Kanphata Yogis |edition=6th |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-8120805644}} (2009 Reprint)
* {{cite book |author=Guy L. Beck |title=Sonic Theology: Hinduism and Sacred Sound |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgybmMnWpaUC |year=1995 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1261-1 }}
* {{cite book|author1=Gerald James Larson|author1-link=Gerald James Larson|author2=Ram Shankar Bhattacharya|author3=Karl H. Potter|title=Yoga: India's Philosophy of Meditation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6pURGdBBmIC|year=2008|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-3349-4}}
* {{cite book| author= James Mallinson |author-link=James Mallinson (author) | editor= Knut Jacobsen | year= 2011| chapter= Siddhi and Mahāsiddhi |title=Early Haṭhayoga in Yoga Powers: Extraordinary Capacities Attained Through Meditation and Concentration |location=Leiden | publisher= Brill Academic| pages= 327–344}}
* {{cite journal | author=James Mallinson | author-link=James Mallinson (author) | date=March 2012 | title=Yoga and Yogis | journal=Namarupa | volume=3 | issue=15 | pages=1–27 | url=https://www.academia.edu/3490868 | access-date=13 December 2017 | archive-date=26 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025851/https://www.academia.edu/3490868 | url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal| author=James Mallinson |author-link=James Mallinson (author) |title= Haṭhayoga's Philosophy: A Fortuitous Union of Non-Dualities| year=2014 | journal= Journal of Indian Philosophy| volume= 42| number= 1| pages= 225–247 |doi=10.1007/s10781-013-9217-0 |s2cid=170326576 }}
{{Refend}}

== Further reading ==
*Adityanath (2005). ''[http://www.nathorder.org/wiki/Gorakhnath Gorakhnath]{{Dead link|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Retrieved 7 March 2006.
* [[Romola Butalia]] (2003). ''In the Presence of the Masters''. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass. {{ISBN|81-208-1947-0}}
*Dhallapiccola, Anna. ''[[Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend]]''. {{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}
* Gordan Djurdjevic & Shukdev Singh, ''Sayings of Gorakhnāth: Annotated Translation of the Gorakh Bānī'', {{ISBN|9780199977673}}, Oxford University Press, 2019.
*Mahendranath, Shri Gurudev. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090202120028/http://www.mahendranath.org/paganindia.mhtml ''Notes on Pagan India'']. Retrieved 7 March 2006.

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Internet Archive author}} 
* [http://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/ckeyt/txt3.htm Bibliography of Goraksanatha's works, Item 666] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113104432/http://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/ckeyt/txt3.htm |date=13 November 2021 }}, Karl Potter, University of Washington

{{Hatha yoga}}
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[[Category:11th-century births]]
[[Category:Hindu ascetics]]
[[Category:Indian Shaivite religious leaders]]
[[Category:Mahasiddhas]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu yogis]]
[[Category:Inchegeri Sampradaya]]
[[Category:Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Medieval Hindu religious leaders]]
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[[Category:Navnath]]