View source for Global Rocket 1

{{expand Russian|date=May 2023|topic=mil}}
[[File:Ракета_у_Центрального_музея_Вооруженных_сил.jpg | thumb | right]]
The '''Global Rocket 1''' (GR-1; {{Langx|ru|Глобальная ракета, ГР-1|Globalnaya raketa}}) was a [[FOBS|Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS)]] [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] (ICBM) developed but not deployed by the [[Soviet Union]] during the [[Cold War]].  The system also was given the [[NATO reporting name]] '''SS-X-10 Scrag''', and carried a Soviet GRAU index of '''8K713''' (8К713).

== Development ==
In 1961, faced with the prospect of development in the United States of an [[anti-ballistic missile]] (ABM) system to intercept conventional ICBMs, the Soviet Union began development of a [[fractional orbital bombardment system]] (FOBS) to defeat these interceptors. Soviet Chief Designer, [[Sergei Pavlovich Korolev]] designed the Global Rocket 1 (GR-1).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wade|first1=Mark|title=Korolev|url=http://www.astronautix.com/k/korolev.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820192330/http://www.astronautix.com/k/korolev.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 20, 2016|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=13 April 2017|ref=3}}</ref> The concept was to construct a missile that could be launched into low Earth orbit (150&nbsp;km), from which a 1500&nbsp;kg nuclear warhead equipped with a deorbit stage could be dropped to its targets in a non-ballistic manner and without giving away its target until final descent.<ref name="Wade-GR1">{{cite web|last1=Wade|first1=Mark|title=GR-1|url=http://www.astronautix.com/g/gr-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015070331/http://www.astronautix.com/g/gr-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 15, 2016|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=13 April 2017|ref=2}}</ref> This concept would allow for very little warning to the U.S. because the rocket would be able to approach the United States from any direction and avoid missile tracking radar by flying below its coverage.  Not only could such a missile hit any point on Earth, but the enemy would also be uncertain when it would be deorbited onto target. The main disadvantage was lower accuracy of the warhead in comparison to an [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|ICBM]].<ref name="Wade-GR1" /> Korolev insisted on sticking to the liquid oxygen/kerosene propellants of his [[R-9 Desna]] ICBM design, despite the military's preference for the more toxic but storable propellants used by other designers. The GR-1 was intended to utilize the launch pads of Korolev's [[R-9 Desna]] which was being phased out of service.

Korolev unofficially started work on the missile on 15 March 1962 based on a verbal go-ahead by [[Khrushchev]].<ref name="Pike GR1">{{cite web|last1=Pike|first1=John|last2=Vick|first2=Charles|last3=Jacubowski|first3=Mirko|last4=Garrett|first4=Patrick|title=GR-1 / SS-X-10 SCRAG|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/icbm/gr-1.htm|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|access-date=13 April 2017|ref=1}}</ref> The draft project for the GR-1 was completed in May 1962, and a mock-up had already been built and drawings released to the production shop by the time the official resolution was issued on 24 September 1962. Test flights were scheduled to start in the third quarter of 1963. Further development of the GR-1 missile was halted in 1964 in preference of the orbital [[R-36 (missile)|R-36]] missile.

The GR-1 project was cancelled in 1964 citing engine delays, a fate which became permanent for all of the FOBS designs after the [[SALT II]] agreement of 1979. Even earlier, in 1972, the [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]] removed the primary reason for such a weapon.

== Operator ==
; {{USSR}}:  The Soviets cancelled the GR-1 before it entered operational service with the [[Strategic Rocket Forces]].

==Specifications==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
! colspan=2 | Global Rocket 1 (GR-1) Characteristics  <ref name="Wade-GR1" /><ref name="Pike GR1" />
|-
! Maximum Range 
| N/A - missile could in theory strike anywhere on Earth.
|-
! Number of Warheads 
| 1
|-
! Warhead Yield 
| 2,200 KT
|-
! Boost Propulsion 
| Liquid Oxygen/Kerosene 
|-
! Cruise Engine 
|{{ill|NK-9|fr}}
|-
! Total Length 
| 35.505 m
|-
! Missile Diameter 
| 2.85 m
|-
! Launch Weight 
| 116 t
|-
! Number of Stages 
| 3
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of missiles]]

==References==
<references />

{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences}}

[[Category:Cold War intercontinental ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Abandoned military projects of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Intercontinental ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union|GR-1]]


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