View source for Girl with a Pearl Earring

{{Short description|Painting by Johannes Vermeer c. 1665}}
{{about|the painting}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Girl with a Pearl Earring
| image_file = File:1665 Girl with a Pearl Earring.jpg
| alt = 
| other_language_1 = Dutch
| other_title_1 = Meisje met de parel
| artist = [[Johannes Vermeer]]
| catalogue = 
| year = {{circa}} 1665
| type = [[Tronie]]
| material = [[Oil on canvas]]
| subject = 
| height_metric = 44.5
| width_metric = 39
| metric_unit = cm
| imperial_unit = in
| condition = 
| city = [[The Hague]], Netherlands
| museum = [[Mauritshuis]]
| accession = 
| coordinates = <!-- Only use for the exact coordinates of the artwork itself (and only where known) and not for the coordinates of the museum. Leave blank if coordinates are not known. -->
| owner = 
| url = <!--{{URL|example.com}} Only for official web pages-->
| movement = [[Dutch Golden Age painting]]
}}
'''''Girl with a Pearl Earring''''' ({{langx|nl|Meisje met de parel}})<ref name="mhen">{{cite web |url=https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/explore/the-collection/artworks/girl-with-a-pearl-earring-670/ |title=Girl with a Pearl Earring |website=[[Mauritshuis]] |access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="mhnl">{{cite web |language=nl |url=https://www.mauritshuis.nl/nl-nl/verdiep/de-collectie/kunstwerken/meisje-met-de-parel-670/ |title=Meisje met de parel |website=[[Mauritshuis]] |access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref> is an [[oil painting]] by [[Dutch Golden Age painter]] [[Johannes Vermeer]], dated {{circa}} 1665. Going by various names over the centuries, it became known by its present title towards the end of the 20th century because of the earring worn by the girl portrayed there.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jonathan |last=Janson |url=http://www.girl-with-a-pearl-earring.info/titles.htm |title=Titles |website=Girl with a Pearl Earring |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225182917/http://www.girl-with-a-pearl-earring.info/titles.htm |archive-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> The work has been in the collection of the [[Mauritshuis]] in [[The Hague]] since 1902 and has been the subject of various literary and cinematic treatments.

==Description==
The painting is a [[tronie]], the Dutch 17th-century description of a "head" that was not meant to be a portrait. It depicts a European girl wearing "exotic dress", an "oriental [[turban]]", and what appears to be a very large [[pearl]] as an [[earring]].<ref name="mhen"/> The subject of the painting is unknown, with it being possible either that she was a real model, or that Vermeer created a more generalised and mysterious woman, perhaps representing a [[Sibyl]] or biblical figure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sooke |first=Alastair |title=Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring: Who was she? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140701-who-was-the-mysterious-girl |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=BBC Culture |date=21 October 2014 |language=en}}</ref> There has been speculation that she is the artist's eldest daughter, Maria, though this has been dismissed as an anachronism by some art historians.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Binstock |first=Benjamin |date=2013-10-30 |title=Who Was the Girl With the Pearl Earring? |language=en-US |work=Slate |url=https://slate.com/culture/2013/10/vermeers-daughter-was-the-girl-with-the-pearl-earring-and-painted-later-vermeer-works.html |access-date=2023-05-15 |issn=1091-2339}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Liedtke |first=Walter |title=Vermeer: The Complete Paintings |series=The Classical Art Series |publisher=Abrams |year=2008 |isbn=978-0810983366 |edition=1st}}</ref>

The work is [[oil on canvas]] and is {{convert|44.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} high and {{convert|39|cm|in|abbr=on}} wide. It is signed "IVMeer" but not dated. It is estimated to have been painted around 1665.<ref name="mhendetails">{{cite web |url=http://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/discover/mauritshuis/masterpieces-from-the-mauritshuis/girl-with-a-pearl-earring-670/detailgegevens/ |title=Details: Johannes Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring, c. 1665 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065945/https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/discover/mauritshuis/masterpieces-from-the-mauritshuis/girl-with-a-pearl-earring-670/detailgegevens/ |archive-date=20 January 2018 |website=[[Mauritshuis]] |access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref>

After the most recent restoration of the painting in 1994, the subtle colour scheme and the intimacy of the girl's gaze toward the viewer have been greatly enhanced.<ref name="WADUM-94">{{cite book
 | last = Wadum
 | first = Jørgen
 | others = with contributions by L. Struik van der Loeff and R. Hoppenbrouwers
 | title = Vermeer Illuminated. Conservation, Restoration and Research.
 | year = 1994
 | publisher = V & K Publishing
 | location = The Hague
 | oclc = 015767938
}}</ref> During the restoration, it was discovered that the dark background, today somewhat mottled, was originally a deep enamel-like [[green]]. This effect was produced by applying a thin transparent layer of paint—a glaze—over the black background seen now. However, the two organic pigments of the green glaze, [[Indigo dye|indigo]] and [[Reseda luteola|weld]], have faded.<ref name="SpringerOpen">{{cite journal|title=Fading into the background: the dark space surrounding Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring|year=2019|doi=10.1186/s40494-019-0311-9|last1=Vandivere|first1=Abbie|last2=Van Loon|first2=Annelies|last3=Callewaert|first3=Tom|last4=Haswell|first4=Ralph|last5=Proaño Gaibor|first5=Art Ness|last6=Van Keulen|first6=Henk|last7=Leonhardt|first7=Emilien|last8=Dik|first8=Joris|journal=Heritage Science|volume=7|s2cid=202754495|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 2014, Dutch astrophysicist {{ill|Vincent Icke|nl}} raised doubts about the material of the earring and argued that it looks more like polished [[tin]] than pearl on the grounds of the specular reflection, the pear shape and the large size of the earring.<ref>{{cite journal |language=nl |last=Icke |first=V. |title=Meisje met geen parel |trans-title=Girl with no pearl earring |journal=Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde |trans-journal=Dutch Journal of Physics |volume=80 |issue=12 |pages=418–419 |date=December 2014 |url=https://www.ntvn.nl/archief/pdf/1267/14/ |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=nl |first=Joris |last=Janssen |url=http://www.newscientist.nl/nieuws/curieuze-ontdekking-meisje-met-de-parel-heeft-geen-parel/ |title=Curieuze ontdekking: Meisje met de parel heeft geen parel |trans-title=Curious discovery: Girl with a Pearl Earring has no pearl |work=[[New Scientist]] |date=28 November 2014 |access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref>

==Ownership and display==
[[File:Mauritshuis-Hague.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|The [[Mauritshuis]] in [[The Hague]], 2011, showing a representation of the painting at right]]

On the advice of [[Victor de Stuers]], who for years tried to prevent Vermeer's rare works from being sold to parties abroad, [[Arnoldus Andries des Tombe]] purchased the work at an auction in [[The Hague]] in 1881, for only two [[Dutch guilder|guilders]] plus thirty cents [[buyer's premium]] (around €24 at [[Purchasing power|current purchasing power]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Value of the guilder / euro|url = http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate2.php|website = www.iisg.nl|access-date = 2015-10-06}}</ref>). At the time, it was in poor condition, with parts of the paint layer having become detached. Des Tombe had no heirs and by a [[bequest]] donated this and other paintings to the [[Mauritshuis]] in 1902.<ref name="VN-96">''Vrij Nederland'' (magazine) (26 February 1996), p. 35–69.</ref>

The painting has since been widely exhibited about the world until in 2014 the Mauritshuis took the decision that it should not leave the museum in the future.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Grounded: the great art treasures that no longer go out on the road|url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jul/21/paintings-masters-mona-lisa-pearl-earring|work= the Guardian |date=21 July 2014|access-date = 6 October 2015|first = Cécile|last = Lestienne}}</ref>  By that time, as a result of its promotion, a [[CNN]] survey named it one of the world's most recognizable paintings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/most-famous-paintings/index.html |title=10 most famous paintings in the world |website=CNN Style|date=21 November 2019 }}</ref>

==Painting technique==
The painting was investigated by the scientists of the Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage and the FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics ([[AMOLF]]) Amsterdam.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://amolf.nl/publications/the-scientific-examination-of-vermeers-girl-with-a-pearl-earring|last1=Groen|first1=Karin M|last2=Van der Werf|first2= I. D.| last3=van den Berg|first3=K. J.|last4=Boon|first4=J. J. |chapter=The Scientific Examination of Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring |editor1-last=Gaskell |editor1-first=I. |editor2-last=Jonker |editor2-first=M. |title=Vermeer Studies: Symposium Papers XXXIII Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts |publisher=National Gallery of Art |date=1998 |pages=169–183| access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref>

The [[Ground (art)|ground]] is dense and yellowish in colour and is composed of [[chalk]], [[lead white]], [[ochre]] and very little black. The dark background of the painting contains [[Bone char|bone black]], weld (luteolin, ''[[Reseda luteola]]''), chalk, small amounts of red ochre, and [[indigo]]. The face and draperies were painted mainly using ochres, natural [[ultramarine]], bone black, [[charcoal black]] and lead white.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://colourlex.com/project/vermeer-girl-with-a-pearl-earring/ |title=Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring|website=ColourLex}}</ref>

In February–March 2018 an international team of art experts spent two weeks studying the painting in a specially constructed glass workshop in the museum, open to observation by the public. The non-invasive research project included removing the work from its frame for study with microscopes, X-ray equipment and a special scanner to learn more about the methods and materials used by Vermeer.<ref>{{cite news|title=The secrets of Girl with a Pearl Earring|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180314-the-secrets-of-girl-with-a-pearl-earring|access-date=20 March 2018|work=BBC News|date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="NLT2018">{{cite news|last1=Pieters|first1=Janene|title="Girl with a Pearl Earring" to be scanned, analyzed in public view|url=https://nltimes.nl/2018/02/01/girl-pearl-earring-scanned-analyzed-public-view|access-date=20 March 2018|work=NLTimes|date=1 February 2018}}</ref> The project, with the name ''The Girl in the Spotlight'', was headed by Abbie Vandivere, conservator at the Mauritshuis,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/discover/exhibitions/the-girl-in-the-spotlight/ |title=The Girl in the Spotlight |website=Mauritshuis|date=2018  |access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref> and results were published by the Mauritshuis.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/explore/restoration-and-research/girl-in-the-spotlight/ |title=Closer to Vermeer and the Girl |website=Mauritshuis |access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref> A blog by Vandivere reveals many details of the project.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/our-collection/restoration-and-research/closer-to-vermeer-and-the-girl/girl-with-a-blog/ |title=Girl with a Blog |website=Mauritshuis|first=Abbie |last=Vandivere  |access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref>

Results included the presence of delicate eyelashes, a green curtain behind the head, changes made, and details of the pigments used and where they came from. The lack of eyebrows and featureless background had led to speculation that Vermeer was painting an idealised or abstract face; the later discoveries showed that he was painting a real person in a real space. The pearl has been described as an illusion due to having "no contour and also no hook to hang it from the girl's ear".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/apr/28/dutch-researchers-coax-secrets-from-girl-with-a-pearl-earring |title=Dutch researchers coax secrets from Girl with a Pearl Earring |work=The Guardian |first= Mark |last=Brown |date= 28 April 2020}}</ref>

==Painting title==
The painting has gone under a number of titles in various countries over the centuries. Originally it may have been one of the two [[tronie]]s "painted in the Turkish fashion" (''Twee tronijnen geschildert op sijn Turx'') recorded in the inventory at the time of Vermeer's death.<ref>{{cite book |first=Bryan Jay |last=Wolf |title=Vermeer and the Invention of Seeing |publisher=University of Chicago |date=2001 |isbn=9780226905044 |page=138 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZgSLFesAZwC&pg=PP166}}</ref> It may later have been the work appearing in the catalogue to a 1696 sale of painting in Amsterdam, where it is described as a "Portrait in Antique Costume, uncommonly artistic" (''Een Tronie in Antique Klederen, ongemeen konstig'').<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Herbert Read |first=Herbert |last=Read |title=Johannes Vermeer |publisher=Knowledge Publications |date=1965 |page=8}}</ref>

After the bequest to the Mauritshuis, the painting became known as ''Girl with a Turban'' (''Meisje met tulband'') and it was noted of its original description in the 1675 inventory that the turban had become a fashion accessory of some fascination during the period of European wars against the Turks.<ref>{{cite book |first=Norbert |last=Schneider |title=Vermeer, 1632-1675: Veiled Emotions |publisher=Taschen |isbn=9783822863237 |date=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zkYOjy1farkC&pg=PA69 |page=69}}</ref> By 1995, the title ''Girl with a Pearl'' (''Meisje met de parel'') was considered more appropriate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ad.nl/wetenschap/meisje-met-de-parel-draagt-helemaal-geen-parel~a94f5515/ |title=Meisje met de parel draagt helemaal geen parel |date=9 December 2014 |first=Kees |last=Graafland |work=AD |trans-title=Girl with a pearl earring doesn't wear a pearl at all |language=nl}}</ref>  Pearls, in fact, figure in 21 of Vermeer's pictures,<ref>{{cite book |first=Anthony |last=Bertram |title=Jan Vermeer of Delft |publisher=Studio Publications |date=1948}}</ref> including very prominently in ''[[Woman with a Pearl Necklace]]''. Earrings alone are also featured in ''[[A Lady Writing a Letter]]'', ''[[Study of a Young Woman]]'', ''[[Girl with a Red Hat]]'', and ''[[Girl with a Flute]]''. Similarly shaped ear-pieces were used as convincing accessories in 20th-century fakes that were briefly attributed to Vermeer, such as ''Young Woman with a Blue Hat'', ''[[Smiling Girl]]'' and ''The Lace Maker''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.essentialvermeer.com/delft_school_fakes/erroneously_attributed_vermeers_one.html#.XDdpE83grct |title=Vermeer: Erroneous Attributions and Forgeries |website=Essential Vermeer |first=Jonathan |last=Janson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419060030/http://www.essentialvermeer.com/delft_school_fakes/erroneously_attributed_vermeers_one.html#.XDdpE83grct |archive-date=19 April 2024}}</ref>

Generally, the English title of the painting was simply ''Head of a Young Girl'', although it was sometimes known as ''The Pearl''. One critic explained that this name was given, not just from the detail of the earring, but because the figure glows with an inner radiance against the dark background.<ref>{{cite book |first=Madlyn Millner |last=Kahr |authorlink= Madlyn M. Kahr |title=Dutch Painting in the Seventeenth Century |publisher=Harper & Row |date=1978 |page=288 |isbn=9780064300872}}</ref> There has also been speculation that the girl may represent either a [[Sibyl]] from [[Greek mythology]] or one of the [[women in the Bible]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sooke |first=Alastair |title=Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring: Who was she? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140701-who-was-the-mysterious-girl |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=BBC Culture |date=21 October 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

==Cultural impact==

Some of the first literary treatments of the painting were in poems. For [[Yann Lovelock]] in his [[sestina]], "Vermeer’s Head of a Girl", it is the occasion for exploring the interplay between imagined beauty interpreted on canvas and living experience.<ref>{{cite book |first=Yann |last=Lovelock |author-link=Yann Lovelock |title=Building Jerusalem |publisher=Rivelin Press |date=1984 |pages=30–31 |isbn=9780904524482}}</ref> [[W. S. Di Piero]] reimagined how the "Girl with Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer" might look in the modern setting of [[Haight Street]] in San Francisco,<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/55620/girl-with-pearl-earring-by-johannes-vermeer | chapter=Girl with Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer |first=W. S. |last=Di Piero |title=Skirts And Slacks |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |date=2001}}</ref> while Marilyn Chandler McEntyre commented on the girl's private, self-possessed personality.<ref>{{cite book |first=Marilyn Chandler |last=McEntyre |chapter=Girl with a Pearl Earring |title=In Quiet Light: poems on Vermeer's women |publisher=William B. Eerdmans |location=Grand Rapids |isbn=0-8028-3879-0 |date=2000 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7uXAbqfNkQC&pg=PA25 |page=25}}</ref>

There have also been fictional appearances. As ''La ragazza col turbante'' (Girl with a Turban, 1986), it features as the general title of [[Marta Morazzoni]]’s collection of five short [[novella]]s set in the [[Baroque]] era. In the course of the title story, a Dutch art dealer sells Vermeer's painting to an eccentric Dane in the year 1658. Indifferent to women in real life, the two men can only respond to the idealization of the feminine in art.<ref>{{cite book |first=Carol |last=Lazzaro-Weis |title=From Margins to Mainstream: Feminism and Fictional Modes in Italian Women's Writing |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |date=2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXJwo9fuP8AC&pg=PA141 |page=141 |isbn=9780812206708}}</ref> [[Tracy Chevalier]]'s 1999 [[historical novel]] [[Girl with a Pearl Earring (novel)|''Girl with a Pearl Earring'']] fictionalized the circumstances of the painting's creation. There, Vermeer becomes close to a servant whom he uses as an assistant and has sit for him as a model while wearing his wife's earrings. The novel was adapted into a 2003 [[Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)|film of the same name]] and a [[Girl with a Pearl Earring (play)|2008 play]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88ac97cc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412012840/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88ac97cc |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 April 2018 |title=Girl with a Pearl Earring (2004) |work=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Girl with a Pearl Earring |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/sep/30/theatre2 |access-date=7 August 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

Vermeer's painting was [[Appropriation (art)|appropriated]] in 1985 in a work titled ''Encuentro en la playa (after Vermeer)'' by the Peruvian painter [[Herman Braun-Vega]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://braunvega.com/picture?/432/category/11-1986_1983 |title=Encuentro en la playa (Vermeer) |last=Braun-Vega |first=Herman |year=1985 |type=Acrylic on canvas, 73 × 92 cm}}</ref> In this [[allegory]] of cultural syncretism, the Dutch girl is accompanied by two young mixed-race girls on a beach and [[Personification|personifies]] the descendants of Europeans living in Latin America.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aplv-languesmodernes.org/spip.php?article3252 |title=« De l'ellipse méthodologique à la perspective actionnelle : la didactique scolaire de l'espagnol entre tradition et innovation (1970-2007) » Thèse de doctorat de Pascal LENOIR |date=2010-07-02 |website=www.aplv-languesmodernes.org |last=LENOIR |first=Pascal |page=477 |language=fr |format=pdf |quote=La jeune fille à la perle de Vermeer [...], évidemment, n'est pas métisse [...] il y a des Latino-américains qui sont 100% Européens, quelques-uns le sont déjà depuis plusieurs générations, de ce fait leur culture est métisse. Car la culture des pays d'Amérique latine est conséquence du syncrétisme des différentes cultures qui ont migré vers le nouveau continent.}}</ref> In 2009, the Ethiopian American [[Awol Erizku]] recreated Vermeer's painting as a print, centering on a young black woman and replacing the pearl earring with bamboo earrings as a commentary on the lack of black figures in museums and galleries. His piece is titled ''Girl with a Bamboo Earring''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yourartshop-noldenh.com/awol-erizku-girl-with-the-pearl-earring |title=Awol Erizku – Girl with the Pearl Earring |website=Nolden/H Fine Art|date=25 July 2016 }}</ref> And in 2014, the English street artist [[Banksy]] reproduced the painting as a mural in Bristol, incorporating an alarm box in place of the pearl earring and calling the artwork ''[[Girl with a Pierced Eardrum]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title = New Banksy 'earring' mural appears in Bristol Harbourside |work=BBC News |date=20 October 2014 |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-29694941|access-date=6 October 2015}}</ref>

A climate activist representing the [[Just Stop Oil]] campaign attempted to glue his head to the glass protecting Vermeer's painting in October 2022 and was covered in [[tomato soup]] by another protester.<ref name=nyt_1022>{{cite news |last1=Chung |first1=Christine |title=Climate Protester Glues His Head to 'Girl With a Pearl Earring' Painting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/arts/pearl-earring-vermeer-climate-activists.html?action=click&algo=bandit-all-surfaces-variants-shadow-lda-unique-time-cutoff-30&alpha=0.05&block=trending_recirc&fellback=false&imp_id=262071145&impression_id=d74d0fb9-5644-11ed-b845-714e609c5663&index=1&pgtype=Article&pool=pool%2F91fcf81c-4fb0-49ff-bd57-a24647c85ea1&region=footer&req_id=384698862&shadow_vec_sim=0.04398116627006827&surface=eos-most-popular-story&variant=0_bandit-eng30s-shadow-lda-unique |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=27 October 2022}}</ref> The gesture did not damage the painting, and three people were arrested for public violence against goods.<ref name=nyt_1022/><ref name=guardian_1022>{{cite news |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |title=Just Stop Oil activist tries to glue own head to Girl with a Pearl Earring |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/oct/27/girl-with-a-pearl-earring-vermeer-just-stop-oil-protest-mauritshuis-the-hague |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=27 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Art}}
* [[List of paintings by Johannes Vermeer]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book|url= http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/65202/rec/17 |title= Vermeer and the Delft School|last=Liedtke|first=Walter A.|year=2001|publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|isbn=9780870999734|oclc= 893698712}}

==External links==
* [https://www.johannesvermeer.org/the-girl-with-a-pearl-earring.jsp Analysis of the ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151129072944/http://www.mit.edu/~kimo/publications/vermeer/vermeer.pdf An investigation into the illumination of Vermeer’s ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'']
* [http://colourlex.com/project/vermeer-girl-with-a-pearl-earring/ Vermeer, ''Girl with a Pearl Earring''], ColourLex
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/26/arts/design/girl-with-a-pearl-earring-mauritshuis.html February 2018] NYT Article
* [http://www.essentialvermeer.com/catalogue/girl_with_a_pearl_earring.html Essential Vermeer], mouse over its image to discover details
* ''[https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/explore/the-collection/artworks/girl-with-a-pearl-earring-670/ Girl with a Pearl Earring]'' at the website of the Mauritshuis

{{Johannes Vermeer}}

{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Girl with a Pearl Earring}}
[[Category:Girl with a Pearl Earring| ]]
[[Category:1665 paintings]]
[[Category:17th-century portraits]]
[[Category:Genre paintings by Johannes Vermeer]]
[[Category:Paintings in the Mauritshuis]]
[[Category:Portraits of women]]
[[Category:Oil on canvas paintings]]
[[Category:Portraits by Dutch artists]]
[[Category:Paintings of sibyls]]