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{{Short description|Swedish early warning radar system family}}
{{Redirect|GIRAFFE||Giraffe (disambiguation)}}
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{{Infobox radar
|name       = Saab Sea Giraffe and Giraffe Radar
|image      = Giraffe AFB-radar.jpg
|caption    = A Giraffe AMB radar on display at the [[Paris Air Show]], 2007.
|country    = Sweden
|introdate  = 1977
|number     = 450~
|type       = [[Early warning radar]]
|frequency  = [[C band (IEEE)|C band]]/[[S Band]]/[[X band]]
|PRF        = <!--pulse repetition frequency-->
|beamwidth  = <!--X° (horizontal), X° (vertical)-->
|pulsewidth = <!--pulse width-->
|RPM        = 60
|range      = Between {{convert|10|and|470|km|lk=on}}, depending on variant
|altitude   = Between {{convert|0|and|40000|m|ft|lk=on}}, depending on variant
|diameter   = <!--{{m to ft|X|addr=yes}}-->
|azimuth    = <!--X-Yº-->
|elevation  = <!--X-Yº-->
|precision  = <!--±{{m to ft|X|addr=yes}}-->
|power      =
|other names=
}}

The [[Saab Group|Saab]] (formerly [[Ericsson Microwave Systems]] AB) '''Giraffe Radar''' is a family of land and naval two- or three-dimensional G/H-band (4 to 8&nbsp;GHz) [[passive electronically scanned array]] [[radar]]-based surveillance and air defense command and control systems. It is tailored for operations with medium- and [[Short Range Air Defense]] (SHORAD) missile or gun systems, or for use as gap-fillers in a larger air defense system.

The radar gets its name from the distinctive folding mast which when deployed allows the radar to see over nearby terrain features such as trees, extending its effective range against low-level air targets. The first systems were produced in 1977. By 2007, some 450 units of all types are reported as having been delivered.

The Serbian [[Military Technical Institute]] purchased a licence for the Giraffe 75 and is producing a new model with several modifications. The radar is installed on the chassis of [[FAP 2026]], and the Serbian designation is M85 "Žirafa".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vs.rs/index.php?content=185663d0-0332-102c-8859-e480d5acdc4a|title=Војска Србије - Наоружање Копнене војске - Средства за противваздухопловна дејства - Противавионски топ 40 mm Л/70 БОФОРС|access-date=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010055624/http://www.vs.rs/index.php?content=185663d0-0332-102c-8859-e480d5acdc4a|archive-date=10 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Žirafa.jpg|thumb|A Serbian Army M85 "Žirafa", on the chassis of a [[FAP 2026]]]]

Saab Electronic Defence Systems (EDS) in May 2014 unveiled two new classes of [[active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) radar—three land-based systems (Giraffe 1X, Giraffe 4A and Giraffe 8A) and two naval variants (Sea Giraffe 1X and Sea Giraffe 4A) in X- and S-band frequencies—to complement its existing surface radar portfolio.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/38219/saab-expands-surface-radar-portfolio |title=Saab expands surface radar portfolio |access-date=9 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616085525/http://www.janes.com/article/38219/saab-expands-surface-radar-portfolio |archive-date=16 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Description==
Giraffe is a family of G/H (formerly C-band) frequency agile, low to medium altitude pulse doppler air search radars and combat control centers which can be used in mobile or static short to medium range air defense applications. Giraffe is designed to detect low-altitude, low cross-section aircraft targets in conditions of severe clutter and electronic countermeasures. When equipped as an air-defense command center, Giraffe provides an air picture to each firing battery, using man portable radio communication.

Giraffe uses Agile Multi-Beam (AMB), which includes an integrated Command, control and communication (C<sub>3</sub>) system. This enables Giraffe to act as the [[command and control]] center in an [[air defense]] system. It can also be integrated into a sensor net for greater coverage. It is normally housed in a single 6m long shelter, mounted on an all-terrain vehicle for high mobility. The shelter can be augmented with [[Weapons of mass destruction|Nuclear, Biological and Chemical]] protection and light layers of [[armor]] to protect against [[small arms]] and [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmentation]] threats.

== Variants ==

=== {{anchor|PESA}} Passive electronically-scanned array ===

====Giraffe 40====
This is a short-range ({{convert|40|km}} instrumented) air defense radar with command and control capability. It employs a folding antenna mast that extends to a height of {{convert|13|m|ft}} when deployed and can be integrated with an Interrogation Friend or Foe (IFF) capability. Coverage is stated to be from ground level to {{convert|10000|m|ft}} in altitude. In Swedish service, the radar is designated '''PS-70''' and '''PS-701'''. It provides target data to [[RBS-70]] SHORADS missiles and [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|40 mm Bofors guns]]. A more powerful version with a 60&nbsp;kW transmitter is known commercially as '''Super Giraffe''', and is in Swedish service as the '''PS-707'''. These radars are no longer marketed.

====Giraffe 50AT====
This is the model used in the Norwegian NALLADS air defense system. It combines the radar and RBS-70 missiles with [[20 mm caliber|20 mm]] anti-aircraft guns to provide low-level air defense for the combat brigades of the Norwegian army. Mounted on a BV-206 all-terrain tracked vehicle, this version has an instrumented range of {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}}. The antenna extends to a height of {{convert|7|m|ft}}. The system can control up to 20 firing units of guns or missiles or a combination of both. The Command and Control system features fully automatic track initiation, target tracking, target identification (IFF), target classification and designation, hovering helicopter detection threat evaluation and handling of "pop-up" targets. It can exchange data with Giraffe 75 or AMB systems as part of a larger network.

====Giraffe 75====
This features a {{convert|13|m|ft}} antenna mast and is normally carried on a 6x6 5-ton cross-country truck which carries the radar and command and control shelter. The instrumented range is {{convert|75|km|abbr=on}} and altitude coverage extends from ground-level to {{convert|10000|m|ft}}. An optional add-on unit extends the radar's coastal defense capabilities. In Swedish service the radar is designated PS-90.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Land-Based-Air-Defence/RBS-90-Sweden.html|title=RBS 90|publisher=Jane's Land-Based Air Defence|access-date=26 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911030916/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Land-Based-Air-Defence/RBS-90-Sweden.html|archive-date=11 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Greek Air Force, the Giraffe 75 is used in combination with Contraves (now Rheinmetall defense) Skyguard/Sparrow fire control systems. 1 Giraffe typically controls 2 Skyguard systems, each with 2 [[Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon|twin 35 mm GDF-005 guns]] and 2 Sparrow surface-to-air missile launchers.
[[File:Giraffe S 3D radar.jpg|thumb|1988, a [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]]'s Giraffe S 3D radar on display at [[Paya Lebar Air Base]]]]

====Giraffe S====
Optimized as a mobile radar for uncrewed remote-controlled applications as a "gap-filler" in [[air defense]] early warning systems concentrating on small, low-flying targets over a long distance. It can be employed as a coastal surveillance radar where targets are small surface vessels and sea-skimming [[missiles]] or [[aircraft]]. A new antenna extends range coverage to {{convert|180|km|abbr=on}}, with altitude coverage from ground level to {{convert|6000|m|ft}}. The antenna mast extends to {{convert|8|m|ft}}.

====Giraffe AMB====
Giraffe Agile Multi Beam is a [[digital antenna array]] radar. It provides multi-beam 3-Dimensional air coverage at 5.4 to 5.9&nbsp;GHz. It has instrumented ranges of {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}}, {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} and {{convert|100|km|abbr=on}}. The altitude coverage is extended from ground-level to {{convert|20000|m|ft}} with 70-degree elevation coverage. The data rate is 1-scan per-second. Its maintained pulse density suppresses high cluttering in adverse weather conditions. Ultra-low antenna side-lobes combined with pulse-to-pulse and burst-to-burst frequency agility provides some resistance to jamming.

As in previous Giraffe radars, automatic hovering helicopter detection is provided, as is a rocket, artillery and mortar locating function, allowing the radar to detect incoming rounds and give 20 seconds or more of warning before impact.  Giraffe AMB is the principal sensor of the Swedish [[RBS 23]] BAMSE air defense missile system, and is available for many other applications. The Giraffe AMB can be delivered with ground surveillance options fitted.<ref>https://saab.com/air/sensor-systems/ground-based-air-defence/giraffe-amb/</ref> A skilled crew can deploy the radar in around 10 minutes and recover it in around 6 minutes.

[[File:Sea GIRAFFE 3 D radar on Polish Corvette.PNG|thumb|A Sea Giraffe 3-D radar on a Polish corvette]]

====ARTE 740====
This is a coastal defense radar based on the Giraffe 75 antenna and Giraffe AMB processing system, optimized for surface and low-altitude coverage for the Swedish Amphibious Forces, formerly the Coastal Artillery. It was mounted on a [[MOWAG Piranha]] 10x10 armored vehicle. Six systems were produced, but the system was withdrawn in 2008 prior to reaching full operating capability.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hansson |first1=Lennart |title=Arte 740 Kustartilleriets sista artillerieldledning |url=https://www.fht.nu/Dokument/Marinen/marin_publ_dok_arte_740.pdf |publisher=Försvarets Historiska Telesamlingar |access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref> Four of the six units were leased to Australia and the United Kingdom for use in Afghanistan between 2008 and 2010. The systems were later reduced to spares and the radars and vehicles reused in other systems.

====Sea Giraffe AMB====
Saab's Sea Giraffe AMB is the naval variant of their Giraffe radar with 3D AMB technology. It can detect air and surface targets from the horizon, up to a height of {{convert|20000|m|ft}} at elevations up to 70°. It can simultaneously handle multiple threats approaching from different directions and altitudes, including diving [[anti-ship missiles]]. It is specialized for rapidly detecting small, fast moving targets at all altitudes and small surface targets in severe clutter.

The radar has an instrumented range of {{cvt|180|km}}.<ref name="AMB">{{Cite web|title = Sea Giraffe AMB|url = http://saab.com/naval/situational-awareness/multi-role-surveillance-radar/giraffe-amb/|website = Saab Solutions|access-date = 28 October 2015|language = en|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151027002356/http://saab.com/naval/situational-awareness/multi-role-surveillance-radar/giraffe-amb/|archive-date = 27 October 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref>
Its roles include:
*Air surveillance and tracking
*Surface surveillance and tracking
*Target identification for weapon systems
*High-resolution splash spotting

The Sea Giraffe AMB is installed on the [[Republic of Singapore Navy]]'s upgraded {{sclass|Victory|corvette|1}} and US Navy's {{sclass|Independence|littoral combat ship|4}} of littoral combat ships, and has the designation AN/SPS-77(V)1 for LCS 2 and 4, AN/SPS 77(V)2 for LCS 6-22, AN/SPS-77(V)3 multi-mode naval radar, and AN/SPS-77(V)4 for LCS 24 and beyond.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Naval/Situational-Awareness/Multi-role-Surveillance-Radar/Sea_GIRAFFE_AMB/ |title=Sea Giraffe AMB Multi-Role 3D Surveillance Naval Radar |access-date=25 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225130841/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Naval/Situational-Awareness/Multi-role-Surveillance-Radar/Sea_GIRAFFE_AMB/ |archive-date=25 December 2014}}</ref> It has also been chosen for the [[Royal Canadian Navy]]'s [[Halifax-class frigate]], and the new [[Protecteur-class auxiliary vessel|''Protecteur''-class Joint Support Ships]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/saab-to-deliver-radars-for-royal-canadian-navys-joint-support-ships-300825357.html |title=Saab to Deliver Radars for Royal Canadian Navy's Joint Support Ships |publisher=(Press release) |access-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406135845/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/saab-to-deliver-radars-for-royal-canadian-navys-joint-support-ships-300825357.html |archive-date=6 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== {{anchor|AESA}} Active electronically-scanned array ===
[[File:Sea Giraffe 4A AESA long range surveillance radar on aft mast of HTMS Bhumibol Adulyadej (FFG-471) right front view at JMSDF Yokosuka Naval Base November 3, 2022.jpg|thumb|250px|AESA antenna of the Sea Giraffe 4A on board {{HTMS|Bhumibol Adulyadej}}]]
In May 2014, Saab Electronic Defence Systems (EDS) unveiled two new classes of [[active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) radar—three land-based systems (Giraffe 1X, Giraffe 4A and Giraffe 8A) and two naval variants (Sea Giraffe 1X and Sea Giraffe 4A).

====Giraffe 8A====
At the top end of the range is the Giraffe 8A, a long-range IEEE S-band (NATO E/F) 3D sensor that can be produced in fixed, transportable and fully mobile configurations.

Intended primarily for remote operation as part of an integrated air defence network, Giraffe 8A can also be operated locally. It has an instrumented range of {{cvt|470|km}} and an altitude capability of more than {{cvt|40000|m}}, bringing true long-range air defence capability to the Saab radar family for the first time.

Giraffe 8A produces 15 stacked beams to provide elevation coverage from ground level to more than 65°. It can operate in a continuous 360° scan mode, rotating mechanically at 24{{nbsp}}rpm, or can be steered electronically across an operator-specified sector of 40° to 100°. More than 1,000 air defence tracks can be maintained, and the system also has anti-ballistic missile capability, in which case more than 100 tracks can be followed.

Saab has paid special attention to Giraffe 8A's electronic counter-countermeasures properties. The radar generates very low sidelobes and incorporates sophisticated frequency agility in pulse-to-pulse, burst-to-burst and scan-to-scan regimes. It also switches and staggers pulse repetition frequency and transmits random jitter to further confuse countermeasures. It automatically selects the least jammed frequencies and can transmit intermittently or randomly. The radar offers a passive detection and tracking capability against jammers.

====Giraffe 4A====
While the Giraffe 8A occupies the high end of the family, Saab has introduced new radars in the medium-range category in the form of Giraffe 4A and Sea Giraffe 4A for naval use.<ref name=saab-giraffe-4a>{{cite web | url=https://www.saab.com/products/giraffe-4a | title=Giraffe 4A &#124; Saab }}</ref> Employing similar S-band technology to the larger radar, Giraffe 4A offers true 3D multirole capability, combining the air defence and weapon locating tasks in a single unit. Able to be airlifted in a single C-130 load, Giraffe 4A can be deployed by two people in less than 10 minutes. It can operate as a standalone.

The Swedish armed forces designation for the G4A radar is PM24.<ref>Tidskrift: Artilleri och luftvärn - Artilleri-Tidskrift nr1 2021 sida nr:6 https://issuu.com/whdesign.se/docs/artilleri_nr1_2021</ref>

====Giraffe 1X====
To complete its new line-up, Saab has introduced two short-range radars, Giraffe 1X and Sea Giraffe 1X.<ref name=saab-giraffe-1x>{{cite web | url=https://www.saab.com/products/giraffe-1x | title=Giraffe 1X &#124; Saab }}</ref> Working in the IEEE X-band (NATO I-band), Giraffe 1X is intended primarily as a highly mobile radar that can work with [[very short-range air defence]] systems in the battlefield or at sea.

Weighing less than {{cvt|300|kg}}, Giraffe 1X can be mounted on a small vehicle or vessel or in fixed installations such as on a building or a mast. The radar has a sense-and-warn function and can be optionally configured for weapon location.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/39210/giraffe-extends-its-reach-es14e1 |title=SAAB Extends Its Reach |access-date=22 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223327/http://www.janes.com/article/39210/giraffe-extends-its-reach-es14e1 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Users==<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

=== Operators ===
*{{flag|Algeria}}: '''Sea Giraffe AMB G-band 3-D''' surveillance radar will equip [[MEKO 200|MEKO A-200]] frigates for the [[Algerian National Navy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/46925/first-algerian-meko-a-200-frigate-undocked|title=First Algerian MEKO A-200 frigate undocked|access-date=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213023350/http://www.janes.com/article/46925/first-algerian-meko-a-200-frigate-undocked|archive-date=13 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Australia}}: '''Sea Giraffe''' installed on {{sclass|Canberra|landing helicopter dock|1}} ships<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/canberra-class-landing-helicopter-docks-lhds/|title=Canberra Class Landing Helicopter Docks (LHDS)}}</ref> and ordered as a ground-based system.<ref>{{cite web|title=Saab receives an order for Giraffe AMB radar system to Australia|publisher=Defence Professionals|year=2010|url=http://www.defpro.com/news/details/16492/|access-date=5 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717064445/http://www.defpro.com/news/details/16492/|archive-date=17 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flag|Canada}}: '''Sea Giraffe''' is used on {{sclass|Halifax|frigate|2}}s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canadian Navy Selects Swedish Firm for Frigate Modernisation|publisher=naval-technology.com|year=2010|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/news56528.html|access-date=5 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608174735/http://www.naval-technology.com/news/news56528.html|archive-date=8 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Estonia}}: '''Giraffe AMB''' - 5 mobile truck mounted units used by Estonian [[Air Defence Battalion (Estonia)|Air Defence Battalion]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Õhutõrjepataljon|url=https://mil.ee/uksused/maavagi/1-jalavaebrigaad/ohutorjepataljon/|access-date=2021-02-28|website=Kaitsevägi|language=et}}</ref>
*{{flag|Finland}}: Jantronic J-1000 target acquisition systems with Ericsson '''Giraffe Mk IV''' radars on a XA-182 [[Patria Pasi variants|Pasi APC]]. '''Sea Giraffe''' installed on four {{sclass|Rauma|missile boat|1}}s. A combination of '''Sea Giraffe 4A''' and '''Sea Giraffe 1X''' fixed-face radars on the four {{sclass|Pohjanmaa|corvette|0}} ice-capable corvettes of the Squadron 2020 program
*{{flag|France}}: '''Giraffe AMB''' in use by the [[French Air Force]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cisionwire.com/ericsson/r/ericsson-giraffe-contracted-by-french-air-force,c40684|title=Ericsson Giraffe contracted by French Air Force|date=17 April 2001|publisher=[[Cision|CisionWire.Com]]|access-date=13 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313030809/http://www.cisionwire.com/ericsson/r/ericsson-giraffe-contracted-by-french-air-force,c40684|archive-date=13 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Ireland}}: Seven '''Giraffe Mk IV''' mounted on [[Bandvagn 206]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.dfmagazine.ie/site-assets/uploads/Vol._69_No._4_-_May_2009.pdf|title=Track-Able|first=David|last=Nagle|date=May 2009|magazine=[[An Cosantóir]]|volume=69|number=4|pages=14–15|access-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910172552/http://www.dfmagazine.ie/site-assets/uploads/Vol._69_No._4_-_May_2009.pdf|archive-date=10 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 24 February 2025, Ireland plans to donate four Giraffe Mk IVs to Ukraine as part of non-lethal military support to Ukraine, which will be the first time Ireland has sent military equipment to Ukraine. The radars work with the [[RBS-70]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Giraffe MkIVs from Ireland take aim at Russian air threats |url= https://bulgarianmilitary.com/amp/2025/02/25/giraffe-mkivs-from-ireland-take-aim-at-russian-air-threats/ |author= Boyko Nikolov |access-date=2025-02-26|website=Bulgarian Military |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2025/02/24/ireland-to-donate-air-defence-systems-to-ukraine-as-war-enters-fourth-year/</ref> 
*{{flag|Latvia}}
*{{flag|Lithuania}}: '''Giraffe Mk IV''' radars used by the SHORAD units of the [[Lithuanian Armed Forces]].<ref name="lt-shorad">{{cite web|title=Lietuvos kariuomenės rezervas sustiprėjo beveik 800 karių|url=https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/pasaulis/lietuvos-kariuomenes-rezervas-sustiprejo-beveik-800-kariu-57-1744552|language=lt|trans-title=The reserve of the Lithuanian army has been strengthened by almost 800 soldiers|date=1 July 2022|access-date=16 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707072827/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/pasaulis/lietuvos-kariuomenes-rezervas-sustiprejo-beveik-800-kariu-57-1744552|archive-date=7 July 2022|website=[[15min]]|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Malaysia}}: '''Sea Giraffe''' installed on {{sclass|Lekiu|frigate|1}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lekiu Class Frigates, Malaysia|publisher=naval-technology.com|year=2010|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/lekiu/|access-date=5 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224145642/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/lekiu/|archive-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Giraffe 40''' used by [[Malaysian Army]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.saabfeiting.com/index-14.html |title=Welcome to Saab Malaysia |access-date=28 January 2021 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207164143/http://www.saabfeiting.com/index-14.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{Flag|Pakistan}}: '''Giraffe 40''' in service with the [[Pakistan Army]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SIPRI Arms transfer database |url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferRegister |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=armstransfers.sipri.org}}</ref>
*{{flag|Philippines}}: '''Sea Giraffe AMB''' radars installed on the {{sclass|Gregorio del Pilar|offshore patrol vessel|1}}s<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/philippines-ansps-77-sea-giraffe-3d-air-search-radars |title=The Philippines – AN/SPS-77 Sea Giraffe 3D Air Search Radars &#124; the Official Home of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency |access-date=15 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219132934/http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/philippines-ansps-77-sea-giraffe-3d-air-search-radars |archive-date=19 December 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2018 |title=Saab to deliver Sea Giraffe radars for Philippine Navy frigates |url=https://navaltoday.com/2018/05/21/saab-to-deliver-sea-giraffe-radars-for-philippine-navy-frigates/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522112259/https://navaltoday.com/2018/05/21/saab-to-deliver-sea-giraffe-radars-for-philippine-navy-frigates/ |archive-date=22 May 2018 |access-date=21 May 2018 |website=Naval Today}}</ref>
*{{flag|Serbia}}: 18 in active service with the [[Serbian Army]]; modernized (extended range and digital screen) and connected to [[PASARS-16]]. Produced in Serbia as '''M85 Žirafa'''.<ref>https://www.mod.gov.rs/eng/tekst/16303/ministar-vulin-razvoj-sistema-pasars-i-modernizacija-radara-zirafa-vazni-su-za-vojsku-srbije-16303</ref>
*{{flag|Singapore}}: '''Giraffe S''' and '''AMB''' in service with the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]]'s air-defence radar network;<ref>{{cite book|author=Huxley, Tim|title=Defending the Lion City|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=2001|isbn=1-86508-118-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=RSAF Conducts Networked Air Defence Demonstration|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Singaporean Ministry of Defence (MINDEF)]]|date=23 April 2007|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/news_and_events/nr/2007/apr/23apr07_nr.html|access-date=13 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629142030/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/news_and_events/nr/2007/apr/23apr07_nr.html|archive-date=29 June 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Sea Giraffe AMB''' aboard the [[Republic of Singapore Navy]]'s {{sclass|Victory|corvette|1}}s.<ref>{{cite book|author=Saunders, Stephen|title=Jane's Fighting Ships, 2007-2008|publisher=Jane's Information Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7106-2799-5}}</ref>
*{{flag|Sweden}}: Used by both the Army and Navy historically in large numbers and with most versions starting with the PS-70 and today the Giraffe AMB both on land and in the {{sclass|Visby|corvette|1}}s. The new 4A radar is planned to be acquired for the army's anti aircraft battalions when they switch from HAWK to Patriot missile systems.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fmv.se/sv/Press/Filmer/ |title=FMV - Filmer |access-date=12 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812080922/http://www.fmv.se/sv/Press/Filmer/ |archive-date=12 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 13th of December Saab received an order for the delivery of a '''Sea Giraffe 1X'''  for the Swedish Navy from the Swedish ministry of defense, the delivery of the '''Sea Giraffe 1X'''  is expected between 2024-2026. <ref>https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2024/saab-receives-order-from-sweden-for-sea-giraffe-1x-naval-radar</ref>, 
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}: The [[British Army]] and [[Royal Air Force]] jointly operate the G-AMB radar in 49 (Inkerman) Battery Royal Artillery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/news/archive/joint-warriors-at-raf-boulmer-16102014|title=Joint Warriors at RAF Boulmer|access-date=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130332/http://www.raf.mod.uk/news/archive/joint-warriors-at-raf-boulmer-16102014|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flag|United States}}: '''Sea Giraffe AMB''' installed on the {{sclass|Independence|littoral combat ship|1}} as AN/SPS-77(V)1 and AN/SPS-77V(2)<ref name=AMB/><ref>{{cite press release|title=Sea Giraffe Radar now AN/SPS-77(V)1 in U.S.|publisher=PR Newswire|date=15 January 2014|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sea-giraffe-radar-now-ansps-77v1-in-us-240262491.html|access-date=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116205339/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sea-giraffe-radar-now-ansps-77v1-in-us-240262491.html|archive-date=16 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Future Operators ===

*{{flag|Ukraine}}:  On 25 February 2025, Ireland announced that it plans to donate four Giraffe MkIV as part of non - lethal aide to Ukraine, this will be the first time Ireland is sending  military equipment to Ukraine. The radars work with the [[RBS-70]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title= Giraffe MkIVs from Ireland take aim at Russian air threats |url= https://bulgarianmilitary.com/amp/2025/02/25/giraffe-mkivs-from-ireland-take-aim-at-russian-air-threats/ |author= Boyko Nikolov |access-date=2025-02-26|website=Bulgarian Military |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2025/02/24/ireland-to-donate-air-defence-systems-to-ukraine-as-war-enters-fourth-year/</ref> The Irish government also has announced that it has not yet decided if it will donate all of its ageing  '''Giraffe Mk IV''',  <ref>https://ukranews.com/en/news/1066469-ireland-to-provide-ukraine-with-giraffe-mark-iv-radar-systems</ref>

=== Variant operators ===<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

==== Passive electronically scanned array (PESA) variants ====
{{main|Passive electronically scanned array}}
* '''Giraffe 40 – 138'''  <br /><small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Brazil.svg|size=16 px}} Brazil 2, {{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg|size=16 px}} Finland 20, {{flagicon image|Flag of Indonesia.svg|size=16 px}} Indonesia 5, {{flagicon image|Flag of Ireland.svg|size=16 px}} Ireland 1, {{flagicon image|Flag of Latvia.svg|size=16 px}} Latvia 3, {{flagicon image|Flag of Lithuania.svg|size=16 px}} Lithuania 1, {{flagicon image|Flag of Malaysia.svg|size=16 px}} Malaysia 2, {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg|size=16 px}} Norway 77, {{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan.svg|size=16 px}} Pakistan 10, {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg|size=16 px}} Singapore 4, {{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand.svg|size=16 px}} Thailand 1, {{flagicon image|Flag of Tunisia.svg|size=16 px}} Tunisia 12</small>
* '''Giraffe 50AT – 9'''<br/><small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg|size=16 px}} Norway 9</small>
* '''Giraffe 75 – 29'''  <br/><small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Bahrain.svg|size=16 px}} Bahrain 6, {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg|size=16 px}} Greece 6, {{flagicon image|Flag of Serbia.svg|size=16 px}} Serbia 15, {{flagicon image|Flag of Venezuela.svg|size=16 px}} Venezuela 4</small>
* '''Giraffe AMB – 30''' <br/><small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Australia.svg|size=16 px}} Australia 5, {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada.svg|size=16 px}} Canada 2, {{flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg|size=16 px}} Estonia 4,{{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg|size=16 px}} France 4, {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg|size=16 px}} Singapore 2, {{flagicon image|Flag of United Kingdom.svg|size=16 px}} United Kingdom 10, {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg|size=16 px}} United States 2, unknown 1</small>
* '''Giraffe 100 – 4''' <br/><small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg|size=16 px}} Finland 4</small>
* '''Sea Giraffe 50HC – 26'''<br/><small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Bahrain.svg|size=16 px}} Bahrain 4, {{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg|size=16 px}} Finland 4, {{flagicon image|Flag of Kuwait.svg|size=16 px}} Kuwait 8, {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|size=16 px}} UAE 10</small>
* '''Sea Giraffe 150 – 34'''<br/><small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Australia.svg|size=16 px}} Australia 8, {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada.svg|size=16 px}} Canada 12, {{flagicon image|Flag of Malaysia.svg|size=16 px}} Malaysia 2, {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg|size=16 px}} New Zealand 2, {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg|size=16 px}} Singapore 6, {{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand.svg|size=16 px}} Thailand 4</small>
* '''Sea Girafe AMB – 44'''<br/><small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Algeria.svg|size=16 px}} Algeria 2, {{flagicon image|Flag of Philippines.svg|size=16 px}} Philippines 2, {{flagicon image|Flag of Poland.svg|size=16 px}} Poland 6, {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|size=16 px}} UAE 6, {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg|size=16 px}} United States 25</small>



==== Active electronically scanned array (AESA) variants ====
{{main|Active electronically scanned array}}
* '''Giraffe 8A – 0'''
* '''Giraffe 4A – 10'''<br/> <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg|size=16 px}} Finland 4,  {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg|size=16 px}} Germany 4, {{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand.svg|size=16 px}} Thailand 1, unknown 1</small>
* '''Giraffe 1X – 12'''<br/> <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg|size=16 px}} Finland 4,  {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg|size=16 px}} Germany 4, {{flagicon image|Flag of Latvia.svg|size=16 px}} Thailand 2, unknown 1</small>

==See also==
{{Portal|Electronics}}
*[[ARTHUR (military)|ARTHUR]]
*[[List of radars]]
*[[List of military electronics of the United States]]

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist}}
;Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book|editor=Martin Streetly|title=Jane's Radar and Electronic Warfare Systems 2010-2011|edition=22|date=28 April 2010|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]|isbn=978-0-7106-2939-5}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Giraffe radar}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120325160155/http://www.nome.no/radar/airdefence.html Older official website for Giraffe radar]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101205135555/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Sensor_Systems/Ground_Based_Air_Defence/GIRAFFE_AMB_GBAD/ Official website for Giraffe AMB]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110813130248/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Sensor_Systems/Ground_Based_Air_Defence/Sea_GIRAFFE_AMB/ Official website for Sea Giraffe AMB]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070523120507/http://www.maritime-index.com/details.php?id=2183 maritime-index.com]
*[http://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/karte408.en.html radartutorial.eu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007041554/http://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/karte408.en.html |date=7 October 2007 }}
*[http://www.naval-technology.com/contractors/weapon_control/ericsson_microwave/ naval-technology.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008094748/http://www.naval-technology.com/contractors/weapon_control/ericsson_microwave/ |date=8 October 2008 }}

[[Category:Ground radars]]
[[Category:Military radars of Sweden]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Military electronics of the United States]]