View source for Ginataan

{{Short description|Filipino dish made with coconut milk}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name               = Ginataan
| image              = [[File:Ginataang kalabasa at hipon (shrimp, calabaza, green beans, and eggplant in coconut milk) - Philippines.jpg|220px]] [[File:Ginataang mais (Sweet corn rice porridge, Philippines).jpg|220px]]
| image_size         = 
| caption            = '''Top''': ''[[Ginataang kalabasa]]'' ([[calabaza]] and [[string beans]] in coconut milk) with shrimp;<br/>'''Bottom''': ''[[Ginataang mais]]'', a dessert rice gruel (''[[lugaw]]'') with [[sweet corn]] and coconut milk
| alternate_name     = 
| country            = [[Philippines|The Philippines]]
| region             = 
| creator            = 
| course             = Main course, dessert
| served             = Hot or cold
| main_ingredient    = [[Coconut milk]] (''gatâ'')
| variations         = 
| calories           = 
| other              = 
}}
'''''Ginataan''''' (pronounced: {{respell|GHEE|nah|ta|AN}}), alternatively spelled '''''guinataan''''', is a [[Filipino language|Filipino]] term which refers to food cooked with ''gatâ'' ([[coconut milk]]).<ref name="a">{{cite web | title =Spanish Influence on Filipino Food | url =http://asiarecipe.com/phispanish.html | access-date =March 20, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070214073452/http://asiarecipe.com/phispanish.html | archive-date =February 14, 2007 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Literally translated, ''ginataan'' means "done with coconut milk". Due to the general nature of the term, it may refer to a number of different dishes, each called ''ginataan'', but distinct from one another.

During the [[Spanish Colonial Era (Philippines)|Spanish colonial era]], ''ginataan'' was brought to [[Mexico]] through the [[Manila galleon|Manila galleons]] which docked in [[Acapulco]]. Today, it has become naturalized in the regional cuisines of [[Guerrero]] and [[Colima]], like the ''[[Morisqueta|zambaripao]]'' or the ''[[Tubâ|tuba]]''. In [[Spanish language|Spanish]] it is called ''guinatán''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Muñoz Zurita|first=R.|title=Guinatán - Diccionario enciclopédico de la Gastronomía Mexicana|url=https://laroussecocina.mx/palabra/guinatan/|website=[[Éditions Larousse|Larousse]]|language=es}}</ref><ref name="Machuca">{{cite journal |last1=Machuca |first1=Paulina |title=La herencia asiática en México: nuestra cuarta raíz |journal=El Universal |date=8 August 2021 |pages=2–3 |url=https://www.academia.edu/61090274}}</ref>

==Terminology==
''Ginataan'' is the affixed form of ''gatâ'' ("coconut milk"): ''g-'' + ''-in-'' + ''-atâ'' + ''-an'' ("done with coconut milk"). It usually refers to dishes which are eaten with rice during the major meals of the day. It normally follows the form "''ginataan na/ginataang'' + (whatever it is cooked with)" or "(dish name) + ''sa gatâ''". For example, ''ginataang hipon'' refers to [[Shrimp and prawn as food|shrimp]] cooked in coconut milk, ''ginataang gulay'' to an assortment of vegetables cooked in coconut milk, ''ginataang alimango'' is [[Scylla serrata|mud crab]] cooked in coconut milk, while ''ginataang manok'' is [[Chicken as food|chicken]] cooked in coconut milk.<ref name="comst">{{cite book|author=Myke Sarthou|editor=Angelo Comsti|title =The Filipino Family Cookbook: Recipes and Stories From Our Home Kitchen|publisher =Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|year =2014|page=92|isbn =9789814634946}}</ref><ref name="ibp">{{cite book|editor =IBP|title =Philippines Country Study Guide|publisher =International Business Publications|year =2007|page=112|isbn =9781433039706}}</ref><ref name="civ">{{cite book|author =Linda Civitello|title =Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People|url =https://archive.org/details/cuisineculturehi00civi|url-access =limited|publisher =John Wiley & Sons|year =2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/cuisineculturehi00civi/page/n262 240]|isbn =9780471741725}}</ref> Coconut milk may be added to existing dishes as in ''ginataang [[adobo]]'' (known more commonly in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] as ''adobo sa gatâ'').<ref name="kawa">{{cite web|url=http://www.kawalingpinoy.com/2013/11/adobo-sa-gata-2/|title=Adobo sa Gata|date=November 5, 2013|publisher=Kawaling Pinoy|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref>

There are other dishes which are known by unique names including [[Bicol express]], ''[[Laing (food)|laing]]'' and variants of ''[[pinakbet]]'', which nonetheless fall under the ''ginataan'' category because they use coconut milk as one of the main ingredients.<ref name="be">{{cite web|url=http://panlasangpinoy.com/2009/05/25/bicol-express/|title=Bicol Express Recipe|publisher=Panlasang Pinoy|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name="fb">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodbatangas.com/2012/05/pinakbet-with-gata-vegetables-cooked.html|title=Pinakbet with Gata (Vegetables Cooked with Coconut Milk)|publisher=Food Batangas|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref>

===Sweet variants===
{{Main|Binignit}}
Various sweet [[dessert]]s may also simply be called ''ginataan'', especially in the northern Philippines.<ref name="a"/> For example, the [[Visayan]] ''[[binignit]]'', a [[soup]] made with coconut milk, [[glutinous rice]], [[tuber]]s, [[tapioca]] pearls, and [[sago]] is simply called ''ginataan'' in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (a shortened form of the proper name, ''ginataang [[halo-halo]]'').<ref name="eshii">{{cite web|url=http://www.essshiii.com/foods-holy-week-binignit/|title=Foods to Have During the Holy Week: BINIGNIT|date=April 16, 2014|publisher=Essshiii Food Blog|access-date=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103153054/http://www.essshiii.com/foods-holy-week-binignit/|archive-date=January 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This soup is also called ''"giná-tan"'' in [[Bikolano language|Bikolano]], ''"ginettaán"'' in [[Ilocano language|Ilokano]], and ''"ginat-ang lugaw"'' in [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]]. If gummy balls made of pounded [[glutinous rice]] are used instead of plain glutinous rice, it becomes a dish called ''ginataang bilo-bilo'' or simply ''[[bilo-bilo]]''.<ref name="bilo">{{cite web|url=http://www.pinoycookingrecipes.com/ginataang-bilo-bilo--sticky-rice-balls.html|title=Ginataang Bilo-Bilo (Sticky Rice Balls in Coconut milk)|publisher=Pinoy Cooking Recipes|access-date=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103154508/http://www.pinoycookingrecipes.com/ginataang-bilo-bilo--sticky-rice-balls.html|archive-date=January 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[Ginataang mais]]'' is another example of a dessert soup; a warm, sweet, thick gruel made with coconut milk, [[sweet corn]], and glutinous rice.<ref name="mais">{{cite web|url=http://www.food.com/recipe/ginataang-mais-corn-in-coco-milk-496425|title=Ginataang Mais (Corn in Coco Milk)|date=March 2, 2013|publisher=Food.com|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref>

==List of ''ginataan'' dishes==
Dishes considered under the ''ginataan'' category include:

===Main dishes===
[[File:Buffetjf9441 08.JPG|thumb|''[[Ginataang ampalaya]]'', [[bitter melon]] and ''[[tinapa]]'' in coconut milk]]
[[File:Laing Pinangat.jpg|thumb|''[[Laing (food)|Laing]]'', [[taro]] leaves with meat or seafood in coconut milk]]
[[File:Binignit (Philippines).jpg|thumb|''[[Binignit]]'', a dessert soup of various root crops, fruits, [[tapioca pearl]]s, and [[glutinous rice]] in coconut milk]]
*[[Adobo sa gata]]
*Beef kulma
*[[Curacha Alavar]]
*[[Ginataang ampalaya]]
*[[Ginataang hipon]]
*[[Ginataang isda]]
*[[Ginataang kalabasa]]
*[[Ginataang kuhol]]
*[[Ginataang labong]]
*[[Ginataang langka]]
*[[Ginataang manok]]
*Ginataang Puso ng Saging
*[[Ginataang ubod]]
*[[Ginisang munggo sa gata]]
*[[Gising-gising]] (ginataang sigarilyas)
*[[Inubarang manok]]
*[[Inulukan]]
*[[Kinilaw]]
*Kinunot
*[[Kulawo]]
*[[Laing (food)|Laing]]
*[[Linarang]]
*[[Piaparan]]
*[[Pininyahang hipon]]
*[[Pininyahang manok]]
*[[Piyanggang manok]]
*Piyassak
*[[Rendang]]
*[[Sinanglay]]
*[[Sinantolan]]
*[[Sinilihan]] (Bicol express)
*Sinina
*[[Sorol (food)|Sorol]]
*[[Tinumok]]
*Tinumtuman
*[[Tiyula itum]]

===Dessert===
*[[Bibingka]]
*[[Biko (food)|Biko]]
*[[Bilo-bilo]]
*[[Binagol]]
*[[Binaki]]
*[[Binaki#Variants|Biyaki]]
*[[Binignit]]
*Biniribid
*[[Cassava cake]]
*[[Coconut toffee]] (Balikutsa, Butong-butong, Tira-tira, Gináok, Pulot)
**[[Coconut jam#Philippines|Matamís sa báo]] (Sundot kulangot) 
*[[Daral (food)|Daral]]
*[[Espasol]]
*[[Ginataang mais]]
*[[Ginataang munggo]]
*[[Ginataang saba]]
*[[Guinomis]]
*[[Kalamay]]
*Kaluko (Kinaluko)
*[[Latik]]
*[[Maja blanca]]
*[[Moche (food)|Moche]]
*[[Morón (food)|Morón]]
*[[Nilupak]]
*[[Panyalam]]
*[[Pinakro]]
*[[Salukara]]
*[[Sapin-sapin]]
*[[Sayongsong]] (Balisungsong, Sarungsong)
*[[Suman (food)|Suman]]
*[[Tupig]]
*[[Ube halaya]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Food}}
*[[Coconut soup]]
*[[Gulai]]
*[[List of dishes using coconut milk]]
*[[List of soups]]

==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}
{{Filipino food}}
<!--keep in both cats because it can also be served warm-->

[[Category:Philippine soups]]
[[Category:Cold soups]]
[[Category:Foods containing coconut]]
[[Category:Philippine desserts]]