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{{Short description|Romanian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name          = Gheorghe Funar
|image         =
|office        = Member of the [[Senate of Romania]]
|term_start    = 13 December 2004
|term_end      = 14 December 2008
|constituency  = [[Cluj County]]
|office1       = [[List of mayors of Cluj-Napoca|Mayor of Cluj-Napoca]]
|term_start1   = February 1992
|term_end1     = June 2004
|predecessor1  = [[Teodor Groza]]
|successor1    = [[Emil Boc]]
|office2       = Leader of the [[Romanian National Unity Party]]
|term_start2   = 17 October 1992
|term_end2     = 22 March 1997
|predecessor2  = [[Constantin Ivasiuc]]
|successor2    = [[Valeriu Tabără]]
|party         = [[Greater Romania Party]]
|otherparty    = [[Romanian Communist Party]] {{small|(before 1989)}} <br /> [[Romanian National Unity Party]] {{small|(1990–1997)}}
|birth_date    = {{birth date and age|1949|9|29|df=y}}
|birth_place   = [[Sânnicolau Mare]], [[Timiș County]], [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romanian People's Republic]]
|death_date    = 
|death_place   = 
|alma_mater    = [[Babeș-Bolyai University]]
|occupation    = Economist
|spouse        = 
|website       = 
|signature     =
}}

'''Gheorghe Funar''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈɡe̯orɡe ˈfunar}}; born September 29, 1949, in [[Sânnicolau Mare]], [[Timiș County]], [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]) is a [[nationalism|nationalist]] [[Romania]]n politician, who rose to fame as a controversial [[List of mayors of Cluj-Napoca|mayor]] of [[Cluj-Napoca]] between 1992 and 2004.

==Biography==
He became well known for his very strong nationalist stance favouring ethnic [[Romanians]] in [[Cluj-Napoca]], which is a relatively multi-ethnic city with an increasing ethnic [[Romanians|Romanian]] majority (80.8%) and a significant ethnic [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] population (17.1%). Other ethnic groups include [[Romani people|Romani]] and [[Germans]] (more specifically [[Transylvanian Saxons]]). Cluj-Napoca is considered to be the major city of [[Transylvania]], a [[Principality of Transylvania (disambiguation)|historical region]]<!--intentional link to DAB page--> with a significant [[Hungarians in Transylvania|Hungarian minority]].

Funar was a candidate for the presidency for the [[Romanian National Unity Party]] (PUNR) in 1992 and 1996. In 1997, after he was expelled from PUNR, he joined the far-right [[Greater Romania Party]] (PRM).

Funar served as mayor of Cluj-Napoca from 1992 to 2004, when he was defeated in the first round of the mayoral election. [[Emil Boc]] of the [[Justice and Truth Alliance]] (DA) won in the second round run-off against [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD) candidate [[Ioan Rus]]. Funar ran again in [[2008 Romanian local elections|2008]], coming in fourth with 4.2% of the vote.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.realitatea.net/rezultatele-alegerilor-locale-din-principalele-orase-ale-tarii_292922.html "Rezultatele alegerilor locale din principalele oraşe ale ţării"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205144834/http://www.realitatea.net/rezultatele-alegerilor-locale-din-principalele-orase-ale-tarii_292922.html |date=2008-12-05 }}, realitatea.net, 6 June 2008</ref>

Previously, Funar was also the General Secretary of the [[Greater Romania Party]] (PRM). Among his proposals in parliament are the distribution of [[Romanian language|Romanian]]-language [[Bible]]s to all citizens and the raising of a statue of [[Mihai Eminescu]] in every [[Commune in Romania|commune]]{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}.

He is married to Sabina Funar, a professor at the [[University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca|University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine]] in Cluj-Napoca.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}

== Mayorship of Cluj-Napoca ==
While many voters said that they voted for him only due to his economic policies, Funar's views demonstrated that tensions over Transylvania's ethnic identity continued after the end of [[communism]] in Romania in 1989 and more than seventy years after Transylvania became part of Romania. His views were often manifested in public policy. Among his measures seen by many as an affront to the ethnic Hungarian community, Funar asked the municipality to paint many public items—including park benches, pavements and even garbage bins—in the colors of the [[Flag of Romania|Romanian flag]] (blue, yellow and red). At Christmas time, the municipality was allowed to use only red, yellow and blue Christmas lights.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Amintire" dintr-o eră apusă a Clujului. Mai țineți minte aceste bănci? |url=https://www.stiridecluj.ro/117797 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Ştiri de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref>

In 1993, the city's central plaza, "Piața Libertății" (Liberty Square), was renamed "Piața Unirii" (Unification Square), to call to mind the 1918 [[Union of Transylvania with Romania]]. Funar changed the label of the statue of [[Matthias Corvinus]] from ''Matthias Rex Hungarorum'' (Matthias King of Hungarians) to just ''Matthias Rex''.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} In September 1996, when Romania signed a friendship treaty with Hungary, Funar organized a funeral ceremony in the streets of Cluj-Napoca.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} In 1997, he hung a banner in front of the Hungarian Consulate in Cluj saying "This is the seat of the Hungarian spies in Romania".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xn--ziaruldeiai-s9d.ro/national-extern/alte-stiri~ni113s|title=Alte stiri|last=Iasi|first=Ziarul de|website=www.xn--ziaruldeiai-s9d.ro|access-date=2017-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202041703/http://www.xn--ziaruldeiai-s9d.ro/national-extern/alte-stiri~ni113s|archive-date=2017-02-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> Many of Funar's changes were reversed under the mayorship of his successor, Emil Boc.

Between 1992 and 1993, Funar supported a large-scale [[Ponzi scheme]] run by [[Caritas (Ponzi scheme)|Caritas]], a company based in Cluj-Napoca. Funar helped Caritas build its credibility by renting space for it in the town hall, appearing with its owner in public and on television, and defending the company from attacks.<ref>{{cite journal | first = Katherine | last = Verdery | title = Faith, Hope, and Caritas in the Land of the Pyramids: Romania, 1990 to 1994 | doi = 10.1017/S0010417500019903 |date=October 1995 | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | page = 654 | journal = [[Comparative Studies in Society and History]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = Cambridge | s2cid = 144102481 | issn = 0010-4175 }}</ref> Funar also gave Caritas space in the local newspaper to list winners' names (amounting to 44 pages in 1993) and lent the owner space at the local stadium to run his operations.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/13/business/pyramid-scheme-a-trap-for-many-romanians.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all | title = Pyramid Scheme a Trap for Many Romanians | first = Jane | last = Perlez | authorlink = Jane Perlez | work = [[New York Times]] | date = 1993-11-13 | access-date = 2010-04-23 }}</ref>

Recently, Funar extended his xenophobic views to the Jewish minority, making unfounded statements: "The World's Jewish Government wants to move Israel into Romanian borders and is trying to exterminate Romanian people by using food additives" or "There are already more than 2 million Jews in Romania working for its destruction". He also claims that the [[theory of relativity]] was developed by the Romanian poet [[Mihai Eminescu]] and subsequently stolen by [[Albert Einstein]] (described by Funar as a "retarded individual").<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://adevarul.ro/news/societate/video-blochezi-dezvoltarea-unui-orasau-venit-investitori-coca-cola-le-am-zis-nu-negociez-escrocii-1_56e061495ab6550cb8ac5321/index.html|title=VIDEO Cum să blochezi dezvoltarea unui oraş: "Au venit nişte investitori de la Coca-Cola. Le-am zis că nu negociez cu escrocii"|website=adevarul.ro|date=10 March 2016 |access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref>

==Electoral history==
===Presidential elections===
{| class=wikitable width=100%
! rowspan=2|Election
! rowspan=2|Affiliation
! colspan=3|First round
! colspan=3|Second round
|-
!Votes
!Percentage
!Position
!Votes
!Percentage
!Position
|-align=center
![[1992 Romanian general election|1992]]
| {{no2|[[Romanian National Unity Party|PUNR]]}} || 1,294,388 || {{Percentage bar|10.8|c=blue}} || {{color box|#CD7F32|3rd}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|
|-align=center
![[1996 Romanian general election|1996]]
| {{no2|[[Romanian National Unity Party|PUNR]]}} || 407,828 || {{Percentage bar|3.2|c=blue}} || {{color box|gray|6th}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|
|-align=center
![[2014 Romanian presidential election|2014]]
| {{no2|[[Independent politician|Independent]]}} || 45,405 || {{Percentage bar|0.47|c=lightgray}} || {{color box|gray|9th}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of mayors of Cluj-Napoca]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Nick Thorpe, ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1896641.stm Hungarians unwanted in Romania census]'', ''[[BBC News]]'', 2002. Retrieved March 5, 2006.

== External links ==
*BBC News &ndash; ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1645077.stm Mayor paints town red - and yellow and blue]''
*BBC World Service &ndash; ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/europe/europetoday/letters/020305_nthorpe.shtml Letters from Budapest: Nick Thorpe on the right to say 'yes']'' &ndash; about a marrying couple getting in trouble by saying "yes" to each other in their own language (Cluj, 2002).

{{DEFAULTSORT:Funar, Gheorghe}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sânnicolau Mare]]
[[Category:Greater Romania Party politicians]]
[[Category:Romanian National Unity Party politicians]]
[[Category:Leaders of political parties in Romania]]
[[Category:Mayors of Cluj-Napoca]]
[[Category:Candidates for President of Romania]]
[[Category:Anti-Hungarian sentiment in Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian nationalists]]
[[Category:Romanian conspiracy theorists]]