View source for Georgian Americans

{{short description|Americans of Georgian birth or descent}}
{{for|Americans from the U.S. state of Georgia|List of people from Georgia (U.S. state)}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Georgian Americans<br>ქართველი ამერიკელები
| pop  =  30,000 Georgian immigrants (2018-2022 data)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-immigrant-population-state-and-county|title=U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County, 2018-2022|publisher=[[Migration Policy Institute]]|accessdate=May 12, 2024}}</ref><ref name=ancestry2000>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/ancestry/ancestry_q_by_DAC_2000.xls |title=Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000 |access-date=2010-12-02 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>
| popplace = [[New York metropolitan area]] (including [[Northern New Jersey]]),<ref name=Georgam12>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=2013-07-10}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=2013-07-10}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=2013-07-10}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR09.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2009 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=2013-07-10}}</ref> and other major U.S. metro areas such as [[Greater Los Angeles]]<ref name=Georgam12/>
| langs = [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[American English|English]]
| rels  = Predominantly [[Georgian Orthodox Church|Georgian Orthodox]]<br>minority [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] 
| related          = [[Georgian diaspora]]
}}

'''Georgian Americans''' ({{lang-ka|ქართველი ამერიკელები|tr}}) are [[Americans]] of full or partial [[Georgians|Georgian]] ancestry. They encompass ethnic Georgians who have immigrated to the U.S. from [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], as well as other areas with significant Georgian populations, such as [[Russia]].

The precise number of Americans of Georgian descent is unknown. This is because 19th and 20th century U.S. immigration records often did not differentiate between various ethnic groups originating in the [[Russian Empire]], which had slowly annexed Georgia starting from year 1801 and of which it remained a part until 1918.

==History==
[[File:George Balanchine (1965).jpg|thumb|upright|[[George Balanchine]], the "father of American [[ballet]]",<ref>[[Life Magazine]]. Volume 7. [[New York, NY]]: [[Time, Incorporated]], 1984, p 139.</ref> founder of the [[New York City Ballet]]]]

===Early stages of immigration===
[[File:Georgian riders in the US.jpg|thumb|250px|Georgian horsemen in the USA.]]
The earliest recorded [[Georgians|Georgian]] immigrants to the US were the [[Georgian horsemen in Wild West Shows|Georgian horsemen]]. One group came in 1893 as part of a troupe of [[Cossack]] horsemen hired by [[Buffalo Bill Cody]] and his Congress of Rough Riders.

The number of Georgians coming to the U.S. saw an increase after political upheavals of the [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution]] forced the Georgian nobility and intellectuals, including those residing in other parts of the Russian Empire, to move to the U.S. In just several years, another wave of immigration of Georgians was triggered by the [[Red Army invasion of Georgia]], which led to the exodus of intellectuals who were in fear of deportation and imminent death in Russian [[Siberia]]. A notable example of pre-Soviet immigration of ethnic Georgians is that of [[George Balanchine]], whose immediate family was split between U.S. and [[Soviet Georgia]].

===Immigration during and following the Soviet Union===
[[File:General John Shalikashvili military portrait, 1993.JPEG|thumb|upright|General [[John Shalikashvili]], [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] and [[Supreme Allied Commander]]]]
Emigration from Georgia was brought to a halt in the 1920s and 1930s, when the [[Soviet Union]] put in place restrictions on travel, both in and out of the Union. Despite these restrictions, some Georgians managed to flee to the U.S. during [[World War II]]. These were primarily ethnic Georgians who lived in liberated parts of [[Eastern Europe]], as well as members of the Georgian military who were stationed or otherwise resided abroad. Such was the case with [[John Shalikashvili]], a son of a Georgian officer, who would rise to become the [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] and [[Supreme Allied Commander]].

Following World War II, emigration from Soviet Georgia was virtually nonexistent until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, after which an estimated one-fifth of Georgia's population left due to economic hardships. Unlike the first half of the 20th century, this final wave of emigration was wide-reaching and not limited to intellectuals or military personnel.

==Population==
There are several concentrations of Georgians throughout the United States including the [[New York metropolitan area]]; [[Chicago]]; [[Portland, Oregon]]; [[San Francisco]]; the [[Washington metropolitan area]]; the [[Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex]], and others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2502.html|title = Georgians}}</ref> [[Dayton, Ohio]], has a sizable Meskhetian Turk population, the majority of whom are from Georgia. During the 1970s, many Georgian Jews immigrated to [[Brooklyn]], New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://georgianassociation.org/about-us/georgians-in-the-usa/|title=Georgians in the USA &#124; Georgian Association}}</ref>

==Assimilation==
Georgian-Americans created several organizations in order to maintain their culture. In 1924, organizations of Georgian-Americans were founded in the cities of San Francisco and New York. These organizations held cultural and social events, and has helped other immigrants. Between 1955 and 1975, the American press was very active in Georgia. ''Kartuli Azri'' (Georgian Opinion) was the most popular newspaper and its maintenance was based primarily on donations from Americans in Georgia. Although, over the years, Georgians have adapted to American culture, Georgian Americans still retain aspects of Georgian culture.

Some members of the Georgian-Jewish community in New York keep their ancestral [[Judeo-Georgian]] language.
{{clear left}}

==Notable people==
A '''List of Georgian Americans'''. The list includes American-born people of [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] descent and immigrants to the United States who are now American citizens.
{{colbegin}}
 
* [[Alex d'Arbeloff]], entrepreneur
* [[George Arison]], entrepreneur
* [[Teymuraz Bagration]], nobleman, President of the Tolstoy Foundation
* [[George Balanchine]], one of the 20th century's most famous choreographers; co-founder and balletmaster of [[New York City Ballet]]
* [[Valery Chalidze]], author and publisher
* [[David Chavchavadze]], author
* [[George Coby]], businessman, inventor and chemist
* [[Lasha Darbaidze]], honorary counsel of Georgia
* [[David Datuna]], artist
* [[Yana Djin]], poet
* [[Wachtang Djobadze]], historian
* [[Vernon Duke]], composer and songwriter
* [[Andrew Eristoff]], politician
* [[George Finn]], actor
* [[Gregory Gabadadze]], physics professor, New York University
* [[Michael Gregor (aircraft engineer)|Michael Gregor]], aircraft engineer 
* [[Dimitri Jorjadze]], race car driver
* [[Alexander Kartveli]], aircraft designer of the 20th century
* [[Kola Kwariani]], wrestler
* [[Giorgi Latso]], classical concert pianist, composer and doctor of musical arts
* [[Khatuna Lorig]], archer
* [[Georges V. Matchabelli]], perfumer and former diplomat
* [[George Papashvily]], writer and sculptor 
* [[Tamir Sapir]], businessman
* [[Yuri Sardarov]], actor and producer
* [[Elena Satine]], singer
* [[John Shalikashvili]], general
* Othar Shalikashvili, colonel
* [[Regina Shamvili]], classical pianist
* [[Constantine Sidamon-Eristoff]], aristocrat
* [[Levan Songulashvili]], artist
* [[Elizabeth Stone (swimmer)|Elizabeth Stone]], Paralympic swimmer 
* [[Alexander Tarsaidze]], writer and historian
* [[Anna Tatishvili]], tennis player
* [[Alexander Toradze]], classical concert pianist
* [[Cyril Toumanoff]], historian and genealogist
* [[Jerzy Tumaniszwili]], aristocrat
{{colend}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Georgia (country)|United States}}
* [[Georgia–United States relations]]
* [[Armenian Americans]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |last1=Araviashvili |first1=Maia |last2=Ladaria |first2=Konstantine |title=Constructing sites of memory and practising nationalism beyond the homeland: Georgian migrants in the USA and Germany |journal=Caucasus Survey |date=2021 |volume = 9 | issue = 3 |pages=286–299 |doi=10.1080/23761199.2021.1966234|s2cid=238723850 }}
* Bridges, Peter. "Georgia and America–Early Contacts." ''American Diplomacy'' (2011). [http://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2011/10/georgia-and-america/ online]
* Wertsman, Vladimir F. "Georgian Americans." in ''Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,'' edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 197-206. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300077/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=0375364f online]

==External links==
* [http://www.georgianassociation.org/ Georgian Association in the United States of America]
* [http://georgianamerica.com/ Georgian America Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728173914/http://georgianamerica.com/ |date=2012-07-28 }}
* [http://www.tvistomi.org/ Tvistomi Association - Georgian Community Organization in New York]
* [http://www.tvistomi.com/ Tvistomi Medical Group, New York]

{{Georgian diaspora}}
{{Asian Americans}}
{{European Americans}}
{{Demographics of the United States}}

[[Category:American people of Georgian (country) descent]]
[[Category:Georgian (country) diaspora in the United States]]
[[Category:European diaspora in the United States]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern diaspora in the United States]]