View source for Geography of Tunisia

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox country geography
 | name              = Tunisia
 | map               = [[File:tunisia sm03.png|250px]]<br/><br/>[[File:LocationTunisia.svg|240px]]
 | continent         = [[Africa]]
 | region            = [[Northern Africa]]
 | coordinates       = {{coord|34|00|N|9|00|E|type:country}}
 | area ranking      = 93rd
 | km area           = 163610
 | percent land      = 95
 | km coastline      = 1,148
 | borders           = [[Land borders|Total land borders]]:<br/>1,424&nbsp;km <br/>[[Algeria]] 965&nbsp;km, [[Libya]] 459&nbsp;km
 | highest point     = [[Jebel ech Chambi]]<br/>1,544&nbsp;m
 | lowest point      = [[Chott el Djerid]]<br/>-17&nbsp;m
 | longest river     = [[Medjerda River]]<br />450&nbsp;km
 | largest lake      = 
}}
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map TUN present.svg|thumb|300px|Tunisia map of Köppen climate classification.]]

'''[[Tunisia]]''' is a country in [[Northern Africa]], bordering the [[Mediterranean Sea]], having a western border with [[Algeria]] (965&nbsp;km) and south-eastern border with [[Libya]] (459&nbsp;km) where the width of land tapers to the south-west into the [[Sahara]]. The country has north, east and complex east-to-north coasts including the curved [[Gulf of Gabès]], which forms the western part of Africa's [[Gulf of Sidra]]. Most of this greater gulf forms the main coast of Libya including the city of [[Sirte]] which shares its root name. The country's [[geographic coordinates]] are {{coord|34|00|N|9|00|E|type:country}}. [[Tunisia]] occupies an area of 163,610 square kilometres, of which 8,250 are water. The principal and reliable rivers rise in the north of the country with a few notable exceptions from north-east Algeria and flow through the northern plain where sufficient rainfall supports diverse plant cover and irrigated agriculture.

== Maritime claims ==

* Contiguous zone: {{convert|24|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on|lk=in}}
* Territorial sea: {{convert|19|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on}}

== Physical geography ==

[[File:Tunisia Topography.png|150px|left|thumb|Topographic map of Tunisia.]]
Tunisia is on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa, midway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Nile Delta. It is bordered by Algeria on the west and Libya on the south east. It lies between latitudes 30° and 38°N, and longitudes 7° and 12°E. An abrupt southward turn of the Mediterranean coast in northern Tunisia gives the country two distinctive Mediterranean coasts, west–east in the north, and north–south in the east

Tunisia is about the size of the American state of Wisconsin. Despite its relatively small size, Tunisia has great environmental diversity due to its north–south extent. Its east–west extent is limited. Differences in Tunisia, like the rest of the Maghreb, are largely north–south environmental differences defined by sharply decreasing rainfall southward from any point.

The Dorsal, the eastern extension of the [[Saharan Atlas]] Mountains, runs across Tunisia in a northeasterly direction from the Algerian border in the west to the [[Cape Bon]] peninsula in the east. North of the Dorsal is the Tell, a region characterized by low, rolling hills and plains, again an extension of mountains to the west in Algeria. In the Khroumerie, the northwestern corner of the Tunisian Tell, elevations reach {{convert|1,050|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} and snow occurs in winter. The Sahel, a broadening coastal plain along Tunisia's eastern Mediterranean coast, is among the world's premier areas of olive cultivation. Inland from the Sahel, between the Dorsal and a range of hills south of Gafsa, are the steppes. Much of the southern region is desert.
Tunisia has a coastline {{convert|1148|km|mi|abbr=off}} long. In maritime terms, the country claims a contiguous zone of {{convert|24|nmi|km mi|abbr=off}}, and a territorial sea of {{convert|12|nmi|km mi|abbr=off}}.

=== Rivers ===

[[File:Barage sidi salem.JPG|thumb|the [[Sidi Salem Dam]] is on the [[Medjerda River]].]]
{{main|List of rivers of Tunisia}}
The [[Medjerda River]] rises in Algeria and flows east through the third of the country with reliable rivers, the north. It empties into the [[Gulf of Tunis]] and [[Lake of Tunis]]. At {{convert|450|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} it is the longest river. It is also known as the ''[[wādi]]'' (or {{lang|fr|oued}}) ''Majardah'' and ''Wadi Mejerha'' and it was known as ''Bagrada'' in ancient times. It rises in a further section of the [[Tell Atlas]] in Algeria, staying to the south of the Tell escarpment while within the country. It has been dammed at the [[Sidi Salem Dam]].<ref>Azedine Beschaouch, ''De l'Africa latino-chrétienne à l'Ifriqiya arabo-musulmane: questions de toponymie'', CRAI, vol. 130, n°3, 1986, pp. 530-549</ref>  The Oued Zouara rises in the country's own section of the Tell. It has been dammed by the [[Sidi el Barrak Dam]] which forms a large lake widely used across the north and centre of the country in an advanced water management project.

=== Climate ===
[[File:Water_Stress,_Top_Countries_(2020).svg|thumb|Tunisia is the eighteenth most water stressed country in the world.]]
Tunisia's climate is [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csa'') in the north, where winters are mild with moderate rainfall and summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in July and August can exceed {{convert|40|°C|°F|abbr=on}} when the tropical continental air mass of the desert reaches the whole Tunisia. Winters are mild with temperatures rarely exceeding {{convert|20|°C|°F|abbr=on}} (exception is the south-west of the country). The south of the country is desert. The terrain in the north is mountainous, which, moving south, gives way to a hot, dry central plain. As we go to the south, the climate naturally becomes hotter, drier and sunnier. The southern part has therefore a [[hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh'') with extremely hot summers, warm winters and very low annual rainfall amount. Daytime temperatures consistently turn around {{convert|45|°C|°F|abbr=on}} during summers. However, the warmth of winters is only during daytime because nights can be cold in the desert. A series of [[Tunisian salt lakes|salt lakes]], known as ''chottzz'' or ''shatts'', lie in an east–west line at the northern edge of the [[Sahara Desert]], extending from the [[Gulf of Gabes]] into [[Algeria]]. The lowest point is [[Chott el Djerid]], at {{convert|-17|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}, and the highest is [[Jebel ech Chambi]], at {{convert|1544|m|ft|0}}. Annual average rainfall amount is lower than {{convert|500|mm|in|abbr=on}} nearly everywhere in Tunisia. Tunisia is therefore a dry, semi-arid country. Areas with a pre-Saharan climate receive below {{convert|250|mm|in|abbr=on}} and areas with a typical Saharan climate receive below {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}} of annual average precipitation. The southernmost part receives rainfall as low as {{convert|50|mm|in|abbr=on}} in areas around [[El Borma]], along the Algerian border.

==== Examples ====

{{Weather box
| location = Tunis ([[Tunis–Carthage International Airport]]) 1981–2010, extremes 1943–present
| metric first = yes
| width=auto
| collapsed = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 25.1
| Feb record high C = 28.5
| Mar record high C = 36.5
| Apr record high C = 33.1
| May record high C = 41.4
| Jun record high C = 47.0
| Jul record high C = 47.4
| Aug record high C = 48.9
| Sep record high C = 44.4
| Oct record high C = 40.0
| Nov record high C = 30.5
| Dec record high C = 29.6
| year record high C = 48.9
| Jan high C = 16.1
| Feb high C = 16.8
| Mar high C = 19.0
| Apr high C = 21.7
| May high C = 26.1
| Jun high C = 30.6
| Jul high C = 33.8
| Aug high C = 34.1
| Sep high C = 30.4
| Oct high C = 26.5
| Nov high C = 21.2
| Dec high C = 17.3
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 11.6
| Feb mean C = 11.9
| Mar mean C = 13.8
| Apr mean C = 16.2
| May mean C = 20.2
| Jun mean C = 24.3
| Jul mean C = 27.2
| Aug mean C = 27.7
| Sep mean C = 24.7
| Oct mean C = 21.1
| Nov mean C = 16.3
| Dec mean C = 12.8
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 7.6
| Feb low C = 7.7
| Mar low C = 9.2
| Apr low C = 11.4
| May low C = 14.8
| Jun low C = 18.6
| Jul low C = 21.3
| Aug low C = 22.2
| Sep low C = 20.1
| Oct low C = 16.8
| Nov low C = 12.2
| Dec low C = 8.9
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -2.0
| Feb record low C = -1.1
| Mar record low C = 1.0
| Apr record low C = 1.7
| May record low C = 6.0
| Jun record low C = 10.0
| Jul record low C = 13.0
| Aug record low C = 11.7
| Sep record low C = 12.0
| Oct record low C = 6.0
| Nov record low C = 0.8
| Dec record low C = 0.0
| year record low C = -2.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 63.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 49.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 39.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 38.5
| May precipitation mm = 23.6
| Jun precipitation mm = 12.9
| Jul precipitation mm = 4.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 7.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 56.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 47.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 54.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 75.2
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8.6
| Feb precipitation days = 8.1
| Mar precipitation days = 8.0
| Apr precipitation days = 5.5
| May precipitation days = 3.1
| Jun precipitation days = 1.7
| Jul precipitation days = 0.6
| Aug precipitation days = 1.3
| Sep precipitation days = 3.5
| Oct precipitation days = 6.1
| Nov precipitation days = 5.9
| Dec precipitation days = 8.1
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 76
| Feb humidity = 74
| Mar humidity = 73
| Apr humidity = 71
| May humidity = 68
| Jun humidity = 64
| Jul humidity = 62
| Aug humidity = 64
| Sep humidity = 68
| Oct humidity = 72
| Nov humidity = 74
| Dec humidity = 77
| year humidity = 70
| Jan sun = 145.7
| Feb sun = 159.6
| Mar sun = 198.4
| Apr sun = 225.0
| May sun = 282.1
| Jun sun = 309.0
| Jul sun = 356.5
| Aug sun = 328.6
| Sep sun = 258.0
| Oct sun = 217.0
| Nov sun = 174.0
| Dec sun = 148.8
| year sun = 2802.7
| Jand sun = 4.7
| Febd sun = 5.7
| Mard sun = 6.4
| Aprd sun = 7.5
| Mayd sun = 9.1
| Jund sun = 10.3
| Juld sun = 11.5
| Augd sun = 10.6
| Sepd sun = 8.6
| Octd sun = 7.0
| Novd sun = 5.8
| Decd sun = 4.8
| yeard sun = 7.7
| source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990)<ref name=TunisIMN1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt
| archive-date = 19 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f
| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2tunis>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3
| title = Données normales climatiques 1961–1990
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="IMNextremeskesssarine">{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30
| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station ID Tunis|The Station ID for Tunis Carthage is 11515111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref>}}
| source 2 = [[NOAA]] (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990),<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/TS/60715.TXT
| title = Tunis-Carthage Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171018133641/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/TS/60715.TXT
| archive-date = 2017-10-18
| url-status = dead
| access-date = 18 September 2018}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimatetunismeteoclimat>
{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-627-Tunis.php
| title = Station Tunis
| publisher = Météo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = 15 September 2021}}</ref>
| date=February 2011}}

{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Bizerte (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2021)
| width = auto
| collapsed = Yes
| Jan record high C = 27.0
| Feb record high C = 27.2
| Mar record high C = 33.5
| Apr record high C = 34.2
| May record high C = 40.4
| Jun record high C = 46.0
| Jul record high C = 46.6
| Aug record high C = 48.9
| Sep record high C = 45.0
| Oct record high C = 40.5
| Nov record high C = 34.0
| Dec record high C = 27.2
| year record high C = 48.9
| Jan high C = 15.6
| Feb high C = 16.0
| Mar high C = 18.0
| Apr high C = 20.4
| May high C = 25.0
| Jun high C = 29.1
| Jul high C = 32.3
| Aug high C = 32.8
| Sep high C = 29.6
| Oct high C = 25.8
| Nov high C = 20.5
| Dec high C = 16.8
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 11.2
| Feb mean C = 11.3
| Mar mean C = 12.8
| Apr mean C = 15.1
| May mean C = 19.0
| Jun mean C = 23.1
| Jul mean C = 26.0
| Aug mean C = 26.6
| Sep mean C = 23.9
| Oct mean C = 20.4
| Nov mean C = 15.7
| Dec mean C = 12.5
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 7.0
| Feb low C = 6.9
| Mar low C = 8.1
| Apr low C = 10.1
| May low C = 13.5
| Jun low C = 17.2
| Jul low C = 20.1
| Aug low C = 21.0
| Sep low C = 19.0
| Oct low C = 15.8
| Nov low C = 11.4
| Dec low C = 8.4
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -4.2
| Feb record low C = -1.4
| Mar record low C = -0.4
| Apr record low C = 1.0
| May record low C = 3.1
| Jun record low C = 8.0
| Jul record low C = 8.0
| Aug record low C = 10.0
| Sep record low C = 8.9
| Oct record low C = 4.9
| Nov record low C = 0.0
| Dec record low C = -0.5
| year record low C = -4.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 88.8
| Feb precipitation mm = 73.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 57.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 50.6
| May precipitation mm = 23.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 10.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 2.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 6.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 44.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 61.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 93.4
| Dec precipitation mm = 115.2
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 11.3
| Feb precipitation days = 10.3
| Mar precipitation days = 9.6
| Apr precipitation days = 6.5
| May precipitation days = 3.9
| Jun precipitation days = 1.6
| Jul precipitation days = 0.6
| Aug precipitation days = 1.1
| Sep precipitation days = 4.0
| Oct precipitation days = 7.8
| Nov precipitation days = 9.5
| Dec precipitation days = 11.4
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 83
| Feb humidity = 80
| Mar humidity = 78
| Apr humidity = 78
| May humidity = 75
| Jun humidity = 70
| Jul humidity = 68
| Aug humidity = 69
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 78
| Nov humidity = 83
| Dec humidity = 83
| year humidity = 77
| Jan sun = 142.6
| Feb sun = 163.9
| Mar sun = 217.0
| Apr sun = 237.0
| May sun = 303.8
| Jun sun = 330.0
| Jul sun = 384.4
| Aug sun = 356.5
| Sep sun = 267.0
| Oct sun = 207.7
| Nov sun = 153.0
| Dec sun = 133.3
| year sun =
| Jand sun = 4.6
| Febd sun = 5.8
| Mard sun = 7.0
| Aprd sun = 7.9
| Mayd sun = 9.8
| Jund sun = 11.0
| Juld sun = 12.4
| Augd sun = 11.5
| Sepd sun = 8.9
| Octd sun = 6.7
| Novd sun = 5.1
| Decd sun = 4.3
| yeard sun = 7.9
| source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days 1961–1990 and extremes 1950–2021)<ref name=IMN1bizrerte>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt
| archive-date = 19 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f
| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2bizerte>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3
| title = Données normales climatiques 1961–1990
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="IMNextremeskesssarine">{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30
| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station BizerteID|The Station ID for Bizerte is 11414111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>}}
| source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes 1901–1992)<ref name = bizerteDWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_607140_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Bizerte / Tunesien
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 18 October 2016}}</ref> OGIMET <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=60714&ano=2021&mes=8&day=10&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30 |title=60714: Bizerte (Tunisia) |author=<!-- Not stated --> |date= 10 August 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 10 August 2021|quote=}}</ref> Arab Meteorology Book (humidity and sun)<ref name=climate>{{cite web
| url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf
| title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data
| publisher = Springer
| access-date = 18 October 2016
| archive-date = 4 March 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
| metric first=yes
| single line=yes
| width=auto
| location=Sousse
| collapsed = Yes
| Jan record high C=27
| Feb record high C=30
| Mar record high C=37
| Apr record high C=36
| May record high C=43
| Jun record high C=47
| Jul record high C=47
| Aug record high C=48
| Sep record high C=42
| Oct record high C=40
| Nov record high C=31
| Dec record high C=30
| Jan high C=15.8
| Feb high C=16.3
| Mar high C=17.8
| Apr high C=20.2
| May high C=23.4
| Jun high C=27.1
| Jul high C=30.7
| Aug high C=31.5
| Sep high C=30.2
| Oct high C=25.6
| Nov high C=20.8
| Dec high C=16.7
| Jan mean C=11.4
| Feb mean C=11.7
| Mar mean C=13.3
| Apr mean C=15.6
| May mean C=18.7
| Jun mean C=22.4
| Jul mean C=25.6
| Aug mean C=26.2
| Sep mean C=25.0
| Oct mean C=20.9
| Nov mean C=16.1
| Dec mean C=12.4
| Jan low C=7.2
| Feb low C=7.4
| Mar low C=8.9
| Apr low C=11.0
| May low C=14.1
| Jun low C=17.8
| Jul low C=20.6
| Aug low C=20.9
| Sep low C=19.9
| Oct low C=16.3
| Nov low C=11.5
| Dec low C=8.1
| Jan record low C=4.8
| Feb record low C=5
| Mar record low C=5.5
| Apr record low C=5.5
| May record low C=9
| Jun record low C=13
| Jul record low C=14
| Aug record low C=16
| Sep record low C=15
| Oct record low C=7
| Nov record low C=5.5
| Dec record low C=4.5
| rain colour=green
| Jan rain mm=43
| Feb rain mm=48
| Mar rain mm=35
| Apr rain mm=28
| May rain mm=15
| Jun rain mm=9
| Jul rain mm=2
| Aug rain mm=7
| Sep rain mm=35
| Oct rain mm=44
| Nov rain mm=35
| Dec rain mm=53
| Jan rain days=7
| Feb rain days=6
| Mar rain days=7
| Apr rain days=6
| May rain days=5
| Jun rain days=2
| Jul rain days=1
| Aug rain days=2
| Sep rain days=4
| Oct rain days=6
| Nov rain days=6
| Dec rain days=7
| Jand sun=6
| Febd sun=7
| Mard sun=7
| Aprd sun=8
| Mayd sun=10
| Jund sun=11
| Juld sun=12
| Augd sun=11
| Sepd sun=9
| Octd sun=7
| Novd sun=7
| Decd sun=6
| source 1= ''Climate-Data.org'',<ref name="Climate-DataSousse.org">{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3548/ |title=Climate: Sousse – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=30 October 2013 }}</ref> ''Weather2Travel'' for rainy days and sunshine<ref name="Weather2Travelsousee">{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/tunisia/sousse.php |title=Sousse Climate and Weather Averages, Tunisia |publisher=Weather2Travel |access-date=30 October 2013 }}</ref>
| source 2= ''Voodoo Skies'' for record temperatures<ref name="Voodoo Skies">{{Cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/tunisia/sousse |title=Sousse, Tunisia |publisher=Voodoo Skies |access-date=30 October 2013 }}</ref>

}}

{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| location = Sfax (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2017)
| collapsed = Yes
| Jan record high C = 26.8
| Feb record high C = 32.7
| Mar record high C = 36.9
| Apr record high C = 37.2
| May record high C = 41.3
| Jun record high C = 47.8
| Jul record high C = 47.2
| Aug record high C = 46.8
| Sep record high C = 43.5
| Oct record high C = 38.2
| Nov record high C = 34.5
| Dec record high C = 28.6
| year record high C = 47.8
| Jan high C = 17.1
| Feb high C = 18.1
| Mar high C = 20.2
| Apr high C = 22.5
| May high C = 26.0
| Jun high C = 29.9
| Jul high C = 32.7
| Aug high C = 33.2
| Sep high C = 30.5
| Oct high C = 27.1
| Nov high C = 22.3
| Dec high C = 18.2
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 11.5
| Feb mean C = 12.3
| Mar mean C = 14.6
| Apr mean C = 17.2
| May mean C = 20.9
| Jun mean C = 24.6
| Jul mean C = 27.3
| Aug mean C = 28.0
| Sep mean C = 25.6
| Oct mean C = 22.1
| Nov mean C = 16.8
| Dec mean C = 12.7
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 6.4
| Feb low C = 7.0
| Mar low C = 9.3
| Apr low C = 12.0
| May low C = 15.7
| Jun low C = 19.2
| Jul low C = 21.6
| Aug low C = 22.8
| Sep low C = 21.1
| Oct low C = 17.6
| Nov low C = 11.8
| Dec low C = 7.8
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -2.3
| Feb record low C = -1.2
| Mar record low C = -1.0
| Apr record low C = 2.0
| May record low C = 6.1
| Jun record low C = 10.6
| Jul record low C = 13.6
| Aug record low C = 13.2
| Sep record low C = 11.2
| Oct record low C = 5.2
| Nov record low C = 2.0
| Dec record low C = -1.0
| year record low C = -2.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 30.1
| Feb rain mm = 13.5
| Mar rain mm = 21.8
| Apr rain mm = 19.1
| May rain mm = 13.2
| Jun rain mm = 4.2
| Jul rain mm = 1.2
| Aug rain mm = 4.2
| Sep rain mm = 24.9
| Oct rain mm = 36.6
| Nov rain mm = 25.1
| Dec rain mm = 29.0
| unit rain days = 1.0 mm
| Jan rain days = 3.4
| Feb rain days = 3.3
| Mar rain days = 3.7
| Apr rain days = 2.8
| May rain days = 1.7
| Jun rain days = 0.6
| Jul rain days = 0.2
| Aug rain days = 0.5
| Sep rain days = 2.5
| Oct rain days = 3.6
| Nov rain days = 2.8
| Dec rain days = 2.9
| Jan humidity = 65
| Feb humidity = 63
| Mar humidity = 63
| Apr humidity = 63
| May humidity = 62
| Jun humidity = 60
| Jul humidity = 59
| Aug humidity = 63
| Sep humidity = 65
| Oct humidity = 66
| Nov humidity = 65
| Dec humidity = 66
| year humidity = 63
| Jan sun = 198.4
| Feb sun = 201.6
| Mar sun = 238.7
| Apr sun = 258.0
| May sun = 310.0
| Jun sun = 333.0
| Jul sun = 378.2
| Aug sun = 347.2
| Sep sun = 273.0
| Oct sun = 241.8
| Nov sun = 210.0
| Dec sun = 195.3
| year sun = 3185.2
| Jand sun = 6.4
| Febd sun = 7.2
| Mard sun = 7.7
| Aprd sun = 8.6
| Mayd sun = 10.0
| Jund sun = 11.1
| Juld sun = 12.2
| Augd sun = 11.2
| Sepd sun = 9.1
| Octd sun = 7.8
| Novd sun = 7.0
| Decd sun = 6.3
| yeard sun = 8.7
| source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990)<ref name=SfaxIMN1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt
| archive-date = 19 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f
| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 26 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=SfaxIMN2>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3
| title = Données normales climatiques 1961–1990
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 26 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=SfaxIMNextremes>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30
| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 26 December 2019}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=StationSfax ID|The Station ID for Sfax is 45050111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>}}
| source 2 = [[NOAA]] (humidity and sun 1961–1990)<ref name= NOAAsfax>{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60750.TXT
| server = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| title = Sfax Climate Normals 1961–1990
| access-date = 24 January 2015}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Gabès (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2021)
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| Jan record high C = 29.3
| Feb record high C = 33.9
| Mar record high C = 41.0
| Apr record high C = 38.2
| May record high C = 43.6
| Jun record high C = 46.5
| Jul record high C = 46.7
| Aug record high C = 46.6
| Sep record high C = 44.2
| Oct record high C = 40.1
| Nov record high C = 35.0
| Dec record high C = 31.2
| year record high C = 46.7
| Jan high C = 16.9
| Feb high C = 18.4
| Mar high C = 20.2
| Apr high C = 22.5
| May high C = 25.4
| Jun high C = 28.3
| Jul high C = 31.3
| Aug high C = 32.2
| Sep high C = 30.3
| Oct high C = 27.3
| Nov high C = 22.5
| Dec high C = 18.1
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 12.1
| Feb mean C = 13.3
| Mar mean C = 15.6
| Apr mean C = 18.2
| May mean C = 21.6
| Jun mean C = 24.9
| Jul mean C = 27.6
| Aug mean C = 28.5
| Sep mean C = 26.6
| Oct mean C = 23.1
| Nov mean C = 17.7
| Dec mean C = 13.4
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 7.8
| Feb low C = 8.6
| Mar low C = 11.2
| Apr low C = 14.2
| May low C = 17.9
| Jun low C = 21.5
| Jul low C = 23.7
| Aug low C = 24.7
| Sep low C = 22.8
| Oct low C = 18.9
| Nov low C = 13.3
| Dec low C = 9.2
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -2.7
| Feb record low C = -2.0
| Mar record low C = 0.9
| Apr record low C = 4.6
| May record low C = 8.2
| Jun record low C = 12.0
| Jul record low C = 15.6
| Aug record low C = 16.8
| Sep record low C = 14.4
| Oct record low C = 6.8
| Nov record low C = 2.6
| Dec record low C = 0.0
| year record low C = -2.7
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 26.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.3
| Mar precipitation mm = 15.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 15.8
| May precipitation mm = 9.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 2.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 1.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 23.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 31.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 23.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 27.9
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.8
| Feb precipitation days = 2.4
| Mar precipitation days = 2.8
| Apr precipitation days = 2.4
| May precipitation days = 1.1
| Jun precipitation days = 0.6
| Jul precipitation days = 0.1
| Aug precipitation days = 0.2
| Sep precipitation days = 1.6
| Oct precipitation days = 3.4
| Nov precipitation days = 2.7
| Dec precipitation days = 3.1
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 62
| Feb humidity = 59
| Mar humidity = 62
| Apr humidity = 63
| May humidity = 65
| Jun humidity = 66
| Jul humidity = 63
| Aug humidity = 65
| Sep humidity = 66
| Oct humidity = 64
| Nov humidity = 62
| Dec humidity = 64
| year humidity = 63
| Jan sun = 220.1
| Feb sun = 215.6
| Mar sun = 251.1
| Apr sun = 267.0
| May sun = 313.1
| Jun sun = 321.0
| Jul sun = 372.0
| Aug sun = 353.4
| Sep sun = 279.0
| Oct sun = 260.4
| Nov sun = 228.0
| Dec sun = 210.8
| year sun = 3291.5
| Jand sun = 7.1
| Febd sun = 7.7
| Mard sun = 8.1
| Aprd sun = 8.9
| Mayd sun = 10.1
| Jund sun = 10.7
| Juld sun = 12.0
| Augd sun = 11.4
| Sepd sun = 9.3
| Octd sun = 8.4
| Novd sun = 7.6
| Decd sun = 6.8
| yeard sun = 9.0
| source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990)<ref name=GabesIMN1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt
| archive-date = 19 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f
| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 4 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2gabes>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3
| title = Données normales climatiques 1961-1990
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 4 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=GabesIMNextremes>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30
| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 4 January 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station GabesID|The Station ID for Gabès is 46565111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref>}}
| source 2 = NOAA (humidity and sun 1961–1990)<ref name= GabesNOAA>{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60765.TXT
| server = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| title = Gabès Climate Normals 1961–1990
| access-date = January 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=60765&ano=2021&mes=8&day=1&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30 |title=60765: Gabes (Tunisia) |author=<!-- Not stated --> |date= 31 July 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 1 August 2021|quote=}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Kasserine (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2017)
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| Jan record high C = 25.2
| Feb record high C = 31.5
| Mar record high C = 33.0
| Apr record high C = 34.7
| May record high C = 41.7
| Jun record high C = 43.4
| Jul record high C = 43.6
| Aug record high C = 42.5
| Sep record high C = 40.3
| Oct record high C = 36.0
| Nov record high C = 31.6
| Dec record high C = 26.5
| year record high C = 43.6
| Jan high C = 13.7
| Feb high C = 15.1
| Mar high C = 18.4
| Apr high C = 21.5
| May high C = 26.8
| Jun high C = 32.1
| Jul high C = 35.9
| Aug high C = 35.1
| Sep high C = 29.7
| Oct high C = 25.1
| Nov high C = 18.7
| Dec high C = 14.7
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 7.9
| Feb mean C = 8.9
| Mar mean C = 12.4
| Apr mean C = 15.6
| May mean C = 20.1
| Jun mean C = 24.7
| Jul mean C = 28.0
| Aug mean C = 27.3
| Sep mean C = 22.6
| Oct mean C = 18.7
| Nov mean C = 12.5
| Dec mean C = 8.9
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 2.8
| Feb low C = 3.5
| Mar low C = 5.8
| Apr low C = 8.3
| May low C = 12.4
| Jun low C = 16.3
| Jul low C = 18.9
| Aug low C = 19.0
| Sep low C = 16.3
| Oct low C = 12.4
| Nov low C = 7.2
| Dec low C = 4.0
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -7.0
| Feb record low C = -6.0
| Mar record low C = -3.0
| Apr record low C = 0.0
| May record low C = 3.2
| Jun record low C = 8.0
| Jul record low C = 10.5
| Aug record low C = 12.0
| Sep record low C = 5.8
| Oct record low C = 0.5
| Nov record low C = -3.1
| Dec record low C = -6.5
| year record low C = -7.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 27.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 14.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 19.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 29.6
| May precipitation mm = 30.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 21.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 13.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 29.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 40.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 21.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 24.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 16.7
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.9
| Feb precipitation days = 2.2
| Mar precipitation days = 3.9
| Apr precipitation days = 4.3
| May precipitation days = 4.5
| Jun precipitation days = 3.1
| Jul precipitation days = 1.6
| Aug precipitation days = 3.6
| Sep precipitation days = 4.7
| Oct precipitation days = 3.7
| Nov precipitation days = 3.3
| Dec precipitation days = 2.3
| year precipitation days =
| source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name=KasserineIMN1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt
| archive-date = 19 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f
| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2kasserine>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3
| title = Données normales climatiques 1961-1990
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMNextremeskesssarine>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30
| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station kassserineID|The Station ID for Kasserine is 64646111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>}}
}}

{{Weather box
| location = Kebili (1901–1953)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| collapsed = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 26.1
| Feb record high C = 33.9
| Mar record high C = 38.9
| Apr record high C = 43.9
| May record high C = 46.1
| Jun record high C = 53.9
| Jul record high C = 55.0
| Aug record high C = 53.9
| Sep record high C = 51.1
| Oct record high C = 45.0
| Nov record high C = 37.2
| Dec record high C = 27.8
| year record high C = 55.0
| Jan high C = 15.6
| Feb high C = 18.9
| Mar high C = 23.3
| Apr high C = 28.9
| May high C = 32.8
| Jun high C = 38.3
| Jul high C = 42.2
| Aug high C = 41.7
| Sep high C = 37.2
| Oct high C = 30.0
| Nov high C = 22.2
| Dec high C = 16.1
| year high C = 28.9
| Jan mean C = 9.4
| Feb mean C = 11.9
| Mar mean C = 15.8
| Apr mean C = 20.3
| May mean C = 24.2
| Jun mean C = 28.9
| Jul mean C = 31.9
| Aug mean C = 31.9
| Sep mean C = 28.9
| Oct mean C = 22.8
| Nov mean C = 15.6
| Dec mean C = 10.3
| year mean C = 21.0
| Jan low C = 3.3
| Feb low C = 5.0
| Mar low C = 8.3
| Apr low C = 11.7
| May low C = 15.6
| Jun low C = 19.4
| Jul low C = 21.7
| Aug low C = 22.2
| Sep low C = 20.6
| Oct low C = 15.6
| Nov low C = 8.9
| Dec low C = 4.4
| year low C = 13.1
| Jan record low C = -6.1
| Feb record low C = -6.1
| Mar record low C = -3.9
| Apr record low C = 0.0
| May record low C = 6.1
| Jun record low C = 12.2
| Jul record low C = 13.9
| Aug record low C = 11.1
| Sep record low C = 7.8
| Oct record low C = 1.1
| Nov record low C = -5.0
| Dec record low C = -7.2
| year record low C = -7.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 13
| Feb precipitation mm = 8
| Mar precipitation mm = 15
| Apr precipitation mm = 8
| May precipitation mm = 5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0
| Aug precipitation mm = 0
| Sep precipitation mm = 5
| Oct precipitation mm = 8
| Nov precipitation mm = 15
| Dec precipitation mm = 10
| year precipitation mm = 86
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 4
| Feb precipitation days = 3
| Mar precipitation days = 4
| Apr precipitation days = 2
| May precipitation days = 2
| Jun precipitation days = 1
| Jul precipitation days = 0
| Aug precipitation days = 1
| Sep precipitation days = 2
| Oct precipitation days = 3
| Nov precipitation days = 4
| Dec precipitation days = 3
| year precipitation days = 29
| source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref name = KebiliDWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_607640_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Kébili / Tunesien
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = October 19, 2016}}</ref>
| date=October 2014}}

=== Natural resources ===

Tunisia possesses [[petroleum]], [[phosphate]]s, [[iron]] ore, [[lead]], [[zinc]], [[salt]], [[gold]] and arable land. 3,850&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of land is irrigated in Tunisia. The use of land in the country is demonstrated in the following table.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Land use
|-
! Use !! Percentage of Area (2011)
|-
! arable land
| 17.35%
|-
|-
! permanent crops
| 14.63%
|-
|-
! other
| 68.02%
|-
|}

== Environment ==

Current environmental issues for Tunisia include:

* Toxic and [[hazardous waste]] - disposal is ineffective and presents human health risks
* [[Water pollution]] from raw sewage
* Limited natural [[fresh water]] resources
* [[Deforestation]]
* [[Overgrazing]]
* [[Soil erosion]]
* [[Desertification]]

Tunisia is a party to the following international agreements: [[Biodiversity]], [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|Climate Change]], [[Kyoto Protocol|Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol]], [[Desertification]], [[Endangered Species]], [[Environmental Modification]], [[Hazardous Wastes]], [[Law of the Sea]], [[Marine Dumping]], [[Ozone Layer Protection]], Ship Pollution ([[MARPOL 73/78]]) and [[Wetlands]]. Tunisia has signed, but not ratified the [[Marine Life Conservation]] agreement.

Tunisia, like other North African countries, has lost much of its [[prehistoric]] [[biodiversity]] due to the ongoing [[Population growth|expanding human population]]; for example, until historic times there was a population of the [[endangered]] [[primate]] [[Barbary macaque]] (''Macaca sylvanus'').<ref>C. Michael Hogan, (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757&lang=us ''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419033431/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757&lang=us |date=April 19, 2012 }}</ref> The [[monk seal]] is now [[Local extinction|extirpated]] (locally extinct).<ref>Anthony Ham and Abigail Hole (2004) ''Tunisia'', third ed., published by Lonely Planet, 312 pages, {{ISBN|1-74104-189-9}}</ref>

== Extreme points ==

This is a list of the extreme points of [[Tunisia]], the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other

* Northernmost point - Gallo, Iles des Chiens, [[Galite Islands]], [[Bizerte Governorate]]
* Northernmost point (mainland) –  [[Ras ben Sakka]] (Ra's al Abyad), [[Bizerte Governorate]]*
* Easternmost point – [[Bel Ahemer]] on the border with [[Libya]], [[Medenine Governorate]]
* Southernmost point – the [[tripoint]] with [[Algeria]] and [[Libya]], [[Tataouine Governorate]]
* Westernmost point -  Village of Hizwa on the border with [[Algeria]] due west of [[Nefta]], [[Tozeur Governorate]]
* *''Note: this is also the northernmost point of the African continent''

== See also ==
* [[List of cities in Tunisia]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

* ''Some material in this article is adapted from the [[CIA World Factbook]] 2008.''

{{Geography of Africa}}

{{Africa topic|Climate of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Geography Of Tunisia}}
[[Category:Geography of Tunisia| ]]