View source for Gelbvieh

{{Short description|German breed of cattle}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{use list-defined references|date=August 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name          = Gelbvieh
| image         = File:Gelbvieh.jpg
| image_size    =
| image_alt     = 
| image_caption = 
| status        = {{ubl|[[FAO]] (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|page=144}}|{{nobreak|[[DAD-IS]] (2021): endangered-maintained{{r|dad}}}}}}
| altname       = {{ubl|Frankenvieh|Gelbes Frankenvieh{{r|geh2}}|Gelbes Höhenvieh{{r|marl|page=186}}|Gelbvieh Fleischnutzung{{r|dad2}}}}
| country       = Germany
| distribution  = international
| standard      = 
| use           = {{ubl|Gelbvieh: dual-purpose|Gelbvieh Fleischnutzung: beef}}
| weight        =
| maleweight    = average 1200 kg{{r|cabi|page=183}}
| femaleweight  = average 800 kg{{r|cabi|page=183}}
| height        =
| maleheight    = 150–160 cm{{r|cabi|page=183}}
| femaleheight  = 140–145 cm{{r|cabi|page=183}}
| skincolour    =
| coat          = reddish-yellow to cream
| horn          = sometimes [[polled (livestock)|polled]]
| subspecies    = taurus
| note          = 
}}

'''Gelbvieh''' ({{IPA|de|ɡɛlbfiː|pron}}, [[German language|German]] for "yellow cattle") is a [[cattle]] breed originating in several Franconian districts of [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]] in the mid-eighteenth century.{{r|marl}}<ref name="American Gelbvieh Association">{{cite web |last=American Gelbvieh Association |title=Gelbvieh History and Development |url=http://www.gelbvieh.org/whygelbvieh/gelbviehhistory.html |publisher=American Gelbvieh Association |accessdate=22 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222090336/http://www.gelbvieh.org/whygelbvieh/gelbviehhistory.html |archivedate=22 February 2012 }}</ref> It was originally a triple-purpose breed, used for [[milk]], [[beef]] and [[ox|draught power]]; the modern Gelbvieh is primarily used for beef production.<ref name="Eastern Canadian Gelbvieh Association">{{cite web|last=Eastern Canadian Gelbvieh Association|title=About the Breed|url=http://www.go-gelbvieh.com/|publisher=Eastern Canadian Gelbvieh Association|accessdate=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108080520/http://www.go-gelbvieh.com/|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{r|porter|page=88}}

== History ==

In the mid-nineteenth century, several breeds of local German cattle began to be combined into what would eventually be the Gelbvieh. The new breed was officially formed by 1920.<ref>{{cite book|author1=James R. Gillespie|author2=Frank B. Flanders|title=Modern Livestock and Poultry Production|date=28 January 2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-4283-1808-3|page=253}}<!--|accessdate=1 April 2012--></ref>

Between 1998 and 2018 numbers in Germany fell steadily from approximately 10 000 to about 2 000.{{r|geh}}

Gelbvieh have been introduced to several countries around the world, including Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Canada, the United States, Australia, and South Africa, primarily through the use of artificial insemination and some live export.<ref name="Australian Gelbvieh Association">{{cite web|last=Australian Gelbvieh Association|title=History & FAQ|url=http://www.gelbvieh.asn.au/main.html|publisher=Australian Gelbvieh Association|accessdate=18 March 2012}}</ref> The first Gelbvieh genetics reached Canada in 1972 from Germany. Gelbvieh are currently the 6th largest beef breed in Canada with 3500 head registered yearly.{{r|cga}} The first Gelbvieh cattle were imported to the United States from Germany in 1971 by Leness Hall.  The American Gelbvieh Association was formed the same year.{{r|porter|page=88}} There are currently 45,000 registered Gelbvieh cows in the United States. In January 1977, the first American National Gelbvieh Show was held in conjunction with the National Western Stock Show in Denver, Colorado.<ref name="American Gelbvieh Association" />

== Characteristics ==
[[Image:Black Gelbvieh cow and Calf.jpg|thumb|Black Gelbvieh cow and Calf]]
Gelbvieh literally means "yellow cattle" in [[German language|German]], and the breed originated as golden-brown cattle with dark hooves and full body pigmentation. Through selective breeding, polled and black genetics are now also prevalent in the breed.{{r|cga}} Gelbvieh cattle are known for their high rate of gain and feed efficiency, and were originally selected for easy growth, quick maturity, length of loin, leanness, docility, and longevity. They are able to adapt to many different rangelands and climate conditions. Gelbvieh females were selected to be very maternal with strong fertility, mothering instincts, good udders, and strong milk production. They are also known to have smaller-bodied offspring, allowing for ease of calving.<ref name="Eastern Canadian Gelbvieh Association" />

== References ==
{{commonscat}}
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref>

<ref name=cga>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120224034918/http://www.gelbvieh.ca/info.html About Gelbvieh Cattle]. Canadian Gelbvieh Association. Archived 24 February 2012.</ref>

<ref name=dad>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=DEU&specie=Cattle&breed=Gelbvieh Breed data sheet:  Gelbvieh / Germany (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2021.</ref>

<ref name=dad2>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=DEU&specie=Cattle&breed=Gelbvieh%20Fleischnutzung Breed data sheet:  Gelbvieh Fleischnutzung / Germany (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2021.</ref>

<ref name=geh>[https://www.g-e-h.de/index.php/rassebeschreibungen/34-rassekurzbeschreibungen-rinder/63-gelbvieh-frankenvieh Gelbvieh (Frankenvieh)] (in German). Witzenhausen : Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Accessed August 2021.</ref>

<ref name=geh2>[GEH] (2016). [https://www.g-e-h.de/geh-rind/gelb.pdf ''Gefährdete Rinderrassen''] (in German). Witzenhausen : Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Accessed August 2021.</ref>

<ref name=marl>Marleen Felius (1995). [https://books.google.com/books?id=iXImAQAAMAAJ ''Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia'']. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. {{ISBN|9789054390176}}.</ref>

<ref name=porter>Valerie Porter, Lynn Stone (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=N6CSqgpIC0YC&pg=PA88 ''The Field Guide to Cattle'']. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Voyageur Press. {{isbn|9780760331927}}.</ref>

}}


{{Cattle breeds of Germany}}
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in Germany]]
[[Category:Animal breeds on the GEH Red List]]