View source for Gawthorpe Hall

{{short description| Grade I listed Elizabethan country house}}
{{for|the site of the former Gawthorpe Hall at Harewood House, Leeds|Harewood House}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name =Gawthorpe Hall
| image =Gawthorpe Hall 2016 034.jpg
| caption =Gawthorpe Hall from the front
| locmapin =United Kingdom Borough of Burnley
| coordinates = {{coord|53.8027|-2.2948|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Ightenhill]], [[Borough of Burnley|Burnley]], [[Lancashire]],<br /> BB12 8UA
| area =
| built =
| architect =
| architecture =
| governing_body =
| designation1 =Grade I Listed Building
| designation1_offname = Gawthorpe Hall and surrounding balustrade
| designation1_date = 1 April 1953
| designation1_number = {{NHLE|num=1237626|short=yes}}
}}
'''Gawthorpe Hall''' is an [[Elizabethan architecture|Elizabethan]] [[country house]] on the banks of the [[River Calder, Lancashire|River Calder]], in [[Ightenhill]], a civil parish in the [[Borough of Burnley]], [[Lancashire]], England. Its estate extends into [[Padiham]], with the Stockbridge Drive entrance situated there. The house is traditionally attributed to [[Robert Smythson]]. In the mid-19th century, the hall was rebuilt by [[Charles Barry]], the architect of the [[Houses of Parliament]]. Since 1953 it has been designated a Grade I [[listed building]]. In 1970 the 4th Lord Shuttleworth gave the hall to the [[National Trust]], with a 99-year lease to [[Lancashire County Council]]. Both bodies jointly administer the hall and in 2015 the council provided £500,000 funding for restoration work on the south and west sides of the house.

==History==
Gawthorpe Hall's origins are somewhat disputed (see Champness (2008).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lahs.archaeologyuk.org/Contrebis/Vol%2031%20Champness.pdf|last=Champness|first=John |year=2008|title= The Building of Gawthorpe Hall|website=Lancaster Archaeological & Historical Society|pages= 31, 33–41}}</ref>)  [[Nikolaus Pevsner|Pevsner]] suggests the origins lie in a [[pele tower]], a strong fortification built by the Shuttleworths in the 14th century as a defence against invading Scots.{{sfn|Hartwell|Pevsner|2009|p=321}} The Shuttleworths occupied [[Shuttleworth Hall]] near [[Hapton, Lancashire|Hapton]] from the 12th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grimshaworigin.org/WebPages/ShutGawt.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228171757/http://www.grimshaworigin.org/WebPages/ShutGawt.htm|url-status=dead|title=Grimshaw and Shuttleworth family origin website|accessdate= 15 January 2011|archivedate=December 28, 2012}}</ref>The diet of the family in Elizabethan times is known from their household books. The Shuttleworths bought glasses for [[rose water]] in 1589 and a "[[alembic|stillatory]]" for [[distillation]] in 1590. Most of their food was bought locally or came from their own farms, but spices were bought from London.{{sfn|Thirsk|2007|pp=43-49}}

The Elizabethan house at Gawthorpe was [[dovetail]]ed around the pele tower from plans drawn up by Richard Shuttleworth but carried out after his death by his brother the Reverend Lawrence Shuttleworth. The foundation stone was laid on 26 August 1600.<ref>Date 1599 O.S. in Cooper 1999:260f; the "Booke of Accountes&nbsp;... for the use of Mr. Lawrence Shuttleworthe, towchinge his howse att Gawthroppe" begin in February N.S.: [[John Harland]] edited "The Shuttleworth Accounts" in (Chetham Society) ''Remains Historical & Literary connected with the palatine counties of Lancaster and Chester'' '''35'''.1 (:126); the foundation stone was laid 26 August 1600 (p. 130).</ref>

In 1604 Richard Stone of [[Carr House (Bretherton, Lancashire, England)|Carr House]] in [[Bretherton]], imported Irish panel boards and timber and stored 1,000 pieces in the [[tithe barn]] at [[Hoole]] until they were needed.{{sfn|Lofthouse|1978|p=48}} Mottoes are found in the front porch and around the top of the tower.<ref name=LM>{{citation|title=Gawthorpe Hall|work=Lancashire Museums|publisher=[[Lancashire County Council]]|url=http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/acs/sites/museums/venues/gawthorpe/?siteid=3773&pageid=12953&e=e|access-date=29 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402182155/http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/acs/sites/museums/venues/gawthorpe/?siteid=3773&pageid=12953&e=e|archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> The initials ''KS'', Kay-Shuttleworth occur in decoration throughout the house, on the front door and plaster roundels on the ceiling in the main dining room. Miss Rachel, as the Honourable Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth was known locally, lived at the hall from 1953 until her death in 1967.{{sfn|Dean|2013|p=45}} In 1970, her nephew gave the hall to the [[National Trust]], to be managed in association with [[Lancashire County Council]], on a 99-year lease to the latter.<ref name ="NT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/gawthorpe-hall|title=Gawthorpe Hall|access-date=10 June 2012|website=National Trust}}</ref> In 2015 the council provided funding of £500,000 to enable urgent repairs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/burnley/padiham/13624691.Historic_Gawthorpe_Hall_refurbishment____to_preserve_it_for_years___/|title=Historic Gawthorpe Hall refurbishment 'to preserve it for years'|work=[[Lancashire Telegraph]]}}</ref>

==Architecture and description==
The original house, which Pevsner suggests began as a pele tower, was developed into an [[Elizabethan era|Elizabethan]] mansion in the very early 1600s. Clare Hartwell, in her 2009 revised ''Lancashire: North'' edition of the [[Pevsner Architectural Guides|Pevsner Buildings of England]], notes the traditional attribution to [[Robert Smythson]] and suggests that, if not by him, "the design must have been influenced by his work".{{sfn|Hartwell|Pevsner|2009|p=492}}{{efn|Clare Hartwell notes the parallels with Smythson's [[Barlborough Hall School|Barlborough Hall]], [[Derbyshire]], and describes Gawthorpe's frontage as "strikingly similar" to [[Wootton Lodge]].{{sfn|Hartwell|Pevsner|2009|pp=492-493}}}} By the middle of the 19th century, the house was "near ruin" and [[James Kay-Shuttleworth|Sir James Phillips Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baronet]] engaged [[Charles Barry]] to undertake an extensive rebuilding.{{sfn|Jenkins|2003|p=398}}
 
===Listing designations===
Gawthorpe Hall is a [[Listed building|Grade I listed building]].<ref>{{NHLE|num=1237626|desc=Gawthorpe Hall|grade=I|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> Other listed buildings associated with the hall include the [[Great Barn, Padiham|Great Barn]] (built 1602–04), also listed at Grade I,<ref>{{NHLE|num=1237628|desc=Great Barn, Padiham|grade=I|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> and the old farmhouse (1605–06, now used as the estate offices),<ref>{{NHLE|num=1237629|desc=Estate Offices on south side of courtyard, 20M south of Great Barn|grade=II||access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> the [[game larder]],<ref>{{NHLE|num=1274589|desc=Game Larder, Gawthorpe Hall|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> the [[coach house]] (1870),<ref>{{NHLE|num=1274590|desc=Coach House, Gawthorpe Hall|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> a terrace wall,<ref>{{NHLE|num=1237627|desc=Terrace wall, Gawthorpe Hall|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> and the lodges and gateways on Habergham<ref>{{NHLE|num=1245011|desc=Habergham Lodge with attached gate piers, Ightenhill|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> and Stockbridge drives (both c.1849), all listed at Grade II.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1237634|desc=Gatepiers at Stockbridge Lodge, Padiham|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1238257|desc=Stockbridge Lodge, Padiham|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

==Garden and grounds==
The small ornamental garden, created in the early 1850s, was laid out on a terrace overlooking the [[River Calder, Lancashire|River Calder]] at the rear of the house by Barry. The course of the river was diverted away from Gawthorpe Hall in the 19th century because of pollution and again diverted to accommodate an [[Open cast mining|open cast]] coal scheme north of the river in Padiham in the 1960s.{{sfn|Armstrong|1985|p=?}} Following the [[Second World War]], during which [[Richard Kay-Shuttleworth, 2nd Baron Shuttleworth]], was killed as a fighter pilot in the Battle of Britain,<ref name=BP2003>''[[Burke's Peerage]]'', volume 3 (2003), p. 3616</ref> the family had the formal garden dug up, as maintenance costs had become prohibitively expensive. The layout of the garden is still visible, especially during dry summer months.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-44786388|title=Gawthorpe Hall: Dry weather reveals 'ghost garden'|work=BBC News |date=10 July 2018}}</ref>

Gawthorpe is a [[trailhead]] on the [[Brontë Way]], a {{convert|43|mi|km|0|adj=on}} [[long-distance footpath]] that crosses the [[South Pennines]] to [[Haworth]] before continuing to [[Oakwell Hall]], [[Birstall, West Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite web|author=MKH Computer Services Ltd. |url=https://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Bronte+Way |title=Brontë Way&nbsp;— LDWA Long Distance Paths |publisher=Ldwa.org.uk |access-date=6 August 2015}}</ref>

===Burnley F.C. training ground===
In 1955, the [[Burnley F.C.]] chairman [[Bob Lord (football chairman)|Bob Lord]] purchased {{convert|80|acres}} of Gawthorpe land, making Burnley one of the first clubs to set up a purpose-built [[Training ground (association football)|training centre]]. By the 21st century, Burnley's three-decade absence from top flight football had left the facilities dated, with the old [[groundsman]]’s bungalow used for media meetings and the pitches prone to flooding. In spring 2017, the club opened a new £10.6-million training complex as the base for the senior squad and [[Burnley F.C. Academy|the club's academy]].{{sfn|Inglis|1996|p=86}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Whalley|first=Mike|date=5 August 2017|title=Sean Dyche has new grounds for optimism as Burnley spend £10.5m on training facility|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/08/05/sean-dyche-has-new-grounds-optimism-burnley-spend-105m-training/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821165231/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/08/05/sean-dyche-has-new-grounds-optimism-burnley-spend-105m-training/|archive-date=21 August 2017|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Marshall|first=Tyrone|date=24 March 2017|title=Training ground move a sign of our ambition, says Burnley captain Tom Heaton as Clarets move into their new home|url=https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/sport/15174299.training-ground-move-sign-ambition-says-burnley-captain-tom-heaton-clarets-move-new-home/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222222247/https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/sport/15174299.training-ground-move-sign-ambition-says-burnley-captain-tom-heaton-clarets-move-new-home/|archive-date=22 December 2020|access-date=30 January 2020|website=Lancashire Telegraph}}</ref>

== Notable occupants ==
*Colonel [[Richard Shuttleworth (MP for Preston)|Richard Shuttleworth]] (1587–1669), Member of Parliament for [[Preston (UK Parliament constituency)|Preston]] and [[High Sheriff of Lancashire]] 
*[[Richard Shuttleworth (MP for Lancashire)|Richard Shuttleworth]] (1683–1749), Member of Parliament for Lancashire
*[[James Shuttleworth (politician)]] (1714–1773), Member of Parliament for Lancashire and High Sheriff of Yorkshire
*[[James Kay-Shuttleworth|Sir James Phillips Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baronet]] (20 July 1804 – 26 May 1877) 
*[[Ughtred Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baron Shuttleworth|Ughtred James Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baron Shuttleworth]], PC, DL (18 December 1844 – 20 December 1939) 
*[[Richard Kay-Shuttleworth, 2nd Baron Shuttleworth]] (1937–1940), a fighter pilot killed in the Battle of Britain<ref name=BP2003/>
*[[Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth|Rachel Beatrice Kay-Shuttleworth]] MBE (17 February 1886 - 20 April 1967): Rachel was the third daughter of [[Ughtred Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baron Shuttleworth]] and his wife Blanche, Lady Shuttleworth. She was an educator, an embroiderer, a maker of lace, a philanthropist, and a social activist. In 1912, she started collecting textiles and crafts as teaching aids. Her collection was later included in the Gawthorpe Textiles Collection that is kept at Gawthorpe Hall, and administered by a separate charity trust.{{sfn|Williams|1969|p=?}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth |url=https://www.gawthorpetextiles.org.uk/rachel-kay-shuttleworth |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=www.gawthorpetextiles.org.uk}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="180" heights="180">
File:Gawthorpe Hall back.jpg|The rear of Gawthorpe Hall, with a portion of the rear gardens
File:The Great Barn and coach House, Gawthorpe Hall-geograph-3101023-by-K--A.jpg|The [[Great Barn, Padiham|Great Barn]], coach house and old farmhouse to the southwest of the hall
File:Gawthorpe Training Ground.jpg|[[Burnley F.C.|Burnley F.C.]]'s training facility, on the north side of the river, completed in 2017
</gallery>

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book
|last=Armstrong|first=Duncan
|title=Owd Padiham - a pictorial history 
|year=1985 
|publisher=Mercer Print
|location=Padiham
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Dean |title=Gawthorpe Hall, Lancashire
|year=2013
|location=Swindon, UK
|publisher=[[National Trust]]
|isbn=978-1-843-59405-5
}}
* {{cite book
|last1=Hartwell|first1=Clare|last2=Pevsner|first2=Nikolaus
|author-link2=Nikolaus Pevsner
|title=Lancashire: North
|series=The Buildings of England
|year=2009
|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]
|location=New Haven, US and London
|isbn=978-0-300-12667-9
}}
* {{cite book
|first=Simon|last=Inglis
|title=Football Grounds of Britain
|publisher=Collins Willow
|year=1996
|isbn=978-0-002-18426-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Jenkins | first = Simon
| author-link = Simon Jenkins
| title = England's Thousand Best Houses
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qWnqAAAAMAAJ&q=editions:kD9NFIpkJVsC
| location = London, UK
| publisher = [[Penguin Books]]
| year = 2003
| isbn = 978-0-7139-9596-1
}}
* {{cite book
|first=Jessica|last=Lofthouse
|title=Lancashire Villages
|publisher=Robert Hale
|location=London
|year=1978
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Thirsk|first=Joan
|author-link=Joan Thirsk
|title=Food in Early Modern England
|location=London
|year=2007
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Williams |first=G. A.
|title=Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth, 1886-1967: A Short Account of Her Life and Work
|date=1969
|publisher=
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhMswEACAAJ
}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata%3AWikiProject_sum_of_all_paintings%2FCollection%2FGawthorpe_Hall Wikidata List of Paintings on view at Gawthorpe Hall]
*[https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/gawthorpe-hall Gawthorpe Hall] at the National Trust
*[http://www.aboutbritain.com/GawthorpeHall.htm Gawthorpe Hall] (About Britain)

{{Borough of Burnley buildings}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Burnley]]
[[Category:Country houses in Lancashire]]
[[Category:National Trust properties in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Textile museums in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Grade I listed houses]]
[[Category:Grade II listed parks and gardens in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Elizabethan architecture]]
[[Category:Charles Barry buildings]]
[[Category:Padiham]]
[[Category:Edward Middleton Barry buildings]]