View source for Gare du Nord

{{Short description|Terminal railway station in Paris, France}}
{{About||the Paris Métro station|Gare du Nord (Paris Métro)|other uses}}
{{Expand French|topic=struct|Gare de Paris-Nord|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox station
| name               = Paris-Nord
| style = SNCF
| symbol_location    = fr
| symbol             = rail
| image              = Gare Du Nord Interior, Paris, France - Diliff (cropped).jpg
| caption            = Main train hall of the Gare du Nord
| address            = 112 Rue de Maubeuge
| borough            = [[Paris]]
| country            = France
| coordinates        = {{coord|48|52|52|N|02|21|19|E|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| owned              = 
| operator           = [[SNCF]]
| line               = [[Paris–Lille railway]]
| platforms          = 
| tracks             = 32
| levels             = 2
| connections        = {{Plainlist|
*{{rint|paris|Metro}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|Metro|4}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|Metro|5}} (at {{stl|Paris Métro|Gare du Nord}})
*{{rint|paris|Metro}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|Metro|2}} (at {{stn|La Chapelle}})
*{{rint|paris|rer}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|rer|b}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|rer|d}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|transilien}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|transilien|H}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|transilien|K}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|gdslignes}} (at Gare du Nord)
* {{rint|paris|r}}{{nnbsp}}{{rint|paris|r|e}} at {{stn|Magenta}}
}}
| structure          = At-grade
| parking            = 
| bicycle            = 
| accessible         = Yes<ref name="idfm-ufr-map">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Plan pour les voyageurs en fauteuil roulant |trans-title=Map for travelers in wheelchairs |url=https://eu.ftp.opendatasoft.com/stif/PlansRegion/Plans/UFR.pdf |access-date=2023-12-27 |language=fr,en-gb |website=[[Île-de-France Mobilités]]}}</ref>
| architect          = [[Jacques Ignace Hittorff]]

| code               = {{Uic8}}
| iata               = XPG
| zone               = [[Public transport fares in the Île-de-France|1]]
| opened             = {{Start date|1846|06|20|df=yes}}
| rebuilt            = 1891, 1930s, 1960s
| passengers         = 211,698,470<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fréquentation en gares |trans-title=Attendance at stations |url=https://ressources.data.sncf.com/explore/dataset/frequentation-gares/table/?q={{Uic8}} |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=[[SNCF]] |language=fr}}</ref>
| pass_year          = 2022
| pass_rank          = Busiest in Europe
| services           = {{Adjacent stations
  |system1=Eurostar
    |line1=Eurostar|type1=Paris–Amsterdam|right1=Brussels
    |line2=Eurostar|type2=Paris–Dortmund||right2=Brussels
    |line3=Eurostar|type3=Paris-Nord|left3=Lille-Europe
  |system4=SNCF
    |line4=TGV|type4=Paris–Tourcoing|right4=Lille-Flandres|to-right4=Lille-Flandres or Tourcoing
    |line5=TGV|type5=Paris–Calais-Ville|right5=Lille-Europe
    |line6=TGV|type6=Paris–Rang-du-Fliers|right6=Lille-Europe|to-right6=Boulogne-Ville or Rang-du-Fliers
    |line7=TGV|type7=Paris–Dunkerque|right7=Arras
    |line8=TGV|type8=Paris–Dunkerque|right8=Arras|to-right8=Valenciennes
  |system9=Transilien
    |line9=H|right9=Saint-Denis|to-right9=H246
   |line10=K|right10=Aulnay-sous-Bois
 |system11=TER Hauts-de-France
   |line11=Krono|type11=K10|left11=Creil
   |line12=Krono|type12=K12|right12=Creil
   |line13=Krono|type13=K13|left13=Compiègne
   |line14=Krono|type14=K14|left14=Creil
   |line15=Krono|type15=K15|right15=Dammartin-Juilly-Saint-Mard
   |line16=Krono|type16=K16|right16=Longueau
   |line17=Citi|type17=C10|left17=Orry-la-Ville-Coye
   |line18=Citi|type18=C17|right18=Persan-Beaumont
 |system19=Réseau Express Régional
   |line19=B|left19=La Plaine Stade de France|right19=Châtelet
   |line20=D|type20=D6|left20=Stade de France–Saint-Denis|right20=Châtelet
   |line21=D|type21=D7–D2|left21=Stade de France–Saint-Denis|right21=Châtelet
  }}
| other_services_header = Connections to other stations
| other_services_collapsible = yes
| other_services     = {{Adjacent stations
  |system1=Réseau Express Régional
    |line1=E|left1=Haussmann–Saint-Lazare|right1=Rosa Parks|transfer1=Magenta
  |system2=Paris Métro
    |line2=2|left2=Barbès–Rochechouart|right2=Stalingrad|transfer2=La Chapelle
    |line3=4|left3=Gare de l'Est|right3=Barbès–Rochechouart|transfer3=Gare du Nord
    |line4=5|left4=Gare de l'Est|right4=Stalingrad|transfer4=Gare du Nord
  }}
| services_collapsible = yes
| map_type           = Paris#France Île-de-France#France
| map_dot_label      = Gare du Nord
}}

The '''Gare du Nord''' ({{IPA|fr|ɡaʁ dy nɔːʁ|pron}}; {{langx|en|North station}}), officially '''Paris-Nord''', is one of the seven large mainline [[List of Paris railway stations|railway station termini]] in [[Paris]], [[France]]. The station is served by trains that run between the capital and northern France via the [[Paris–Lille railway]], as well as to international destinations in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Located in the northern part of Paris near the [[Gare de l'Est]] in the [[10th arrondissement of Paris|10th arrondissement]], the Gare du Nord offers connections with several urban transport lines, including [[Paris Métro]], [[Réseau Express Régional|RER]] and [[Bus (RATP)|buses]]. It is the [[List of busiest railway stations in Europe|busiest railway station in Europe]] by total passenger numbers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/features/featureworlds-busiest-train-stations/ |title=The world's busiest train stations |work=railwaytechnology.com |date=9 August 2012 |access-date=24 January 2004 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022813/http://www.railway-technology.com/features/featureworlds-busiest-train-stations |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Blaster|first=Master|date=February 6, 2013|title=The 51 Busiest Train Stations in the World – All But 6 Located in Japan|url=https://japantoday.com/category/features/travel/the-51-busiest-train-stations-in-the-world-all-but-6-located-in-japan|work=[[Japan Today]]|access-date=August 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522213530/https://japantoday.com/category/features/travel/the-51-busiest-train-stations-in-the-world-all-but-6-located-in-japan|archive-date=May 22, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ressources.data.sncf.com/explore/dataset/frequentation-gares/?q=Paris+Nord |title=Fréquentation en gares&nbsp;– Paris Nord |work=SNCF Open Data |date=25 February 2019 |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731214941/https://ressources.data.sncf.com/explore/dataset/frequentation-gares/?q=Paris+Nord |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ressources.data.sncf.com/explore/embed/dataset/frequentation-gares/table/?disjunctive.nom_gare&disjunctive.code_postal&sort=nom_gare&dataChart=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 |title=Table |publisher=SNCF |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029140249/https://ressources.data.sncf.com/explore/embed/dataset/frequentation-gares/table/?disjunctive.nom_gare&disjunctive.code_postal&sort=nom_gare&dataChart=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 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, the Gare du Nord saw more than 700,000 passengers per day.<ref name="Times27-06-2015" />

The current Gare du Nord was designed by French architect [[Jacques Ignace Hittorff]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Cole |first=Beverly |title=Trains |publisher=H.F.Ullmann |year=2011 |isbn=978-3-8480-0516-1 |location=Potsdam, Germany |page=221}}</ref> while the original complex was constructed between 1861 and 1864 on behalf of the [[Chemin de Fer du Nord]] company. The station replaced an earlier and much smaller terminal sharing the same name, which was operational between 1846 and 1860. A substantial refurbishment programme during the late 2010s and early 2020s will greatly redesign the station. The plans for this include a significant expansion of the station's footprint and ability to handle passengers, expanding onsite amenities and establishing a new departure terminal in preparation for the [[2024 Summer Olympics]]. As a consequence of this redevelopment, the Gare du Nord will become the largest railway station in Europe.<ref name = "railmag olympic">{{cite web |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/rail-features/olympic-sprint |title=FROM THE ARCHIVE: Olympic sprint |publisher=railmagazine.com |date=10 October 2019 |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204143133/https://www.railmagazine.com/news/rail-features/olympic-sprint |url-status=live }}</ref>{{update inline|date=October 2024}}

==Early history==
===Predecessor===
[[File:Paris gare nord.JPG|thumb|left|Main façade]]
[[File:Gare du Nord (5699066034).jpg|thumb|left|New wing]]
The first Gare du Nord was constructed on behalf of the [[Chemins de fer du Nord]] company, which was managed by Léonce Reynaud, professor of architecture at the [[École Polytechnique]]. During 1843, the engineer Onfroy de Bréville, having been placed in charge of the first section of the company's [[Paris–Lille railway|proposed line]] between [[Paris]] and [[Amiens]], produced a report that considered two different options for the terminal station.<ref name = "Nilsen 89"/> Management opted to construct the less spacious of the two options, despite the occurrence of stations serving capital city becoming overwhelmed already being a known phenomenon in both [[London]] and [[Brussels]]. For his part, de Bréville promoted the smaller option as being more than adequate to meet demand and reducing its impact on the existing neighbourhood of Clos Saint-Lazare; it was also considerably cheaper than the larger alternative option.<ref name = "Nilsen 89">Nilsen 2008, p. 89.</ref>

The engineer and architect Francois-Leonce Reynaud was appointed to design the station itself.<ref name = "Nilsen 89"/> In terms of its basic configuration, the station accommodated a total of six tracks and two large platforms underneath a single shed. This shed, which was divided into two naves, was supported by a series of cast iron columns and wooden trusses; the structure featured a relatively distinctive drainage system that used the hollow columns as drain pipes directly into the city's [[sewerage|sewers]].<ref name = "Nilsen 89"/> Road traffic was directed to a large courtyard set to the side of the station.<ref name = "Nilsen 89"/>

On 14 June 1846, the first Gare du Nord station was inaugurated; that same year, the Paris–Lille railway was also declared to be operational. During the following decade, not only was there a major boom in railway traffic as the French network rapidly expanded, [[Napoleon III]] himself heavily advocated for grand investments in infrastructure to be made, with the railways being a prime recipient of the French state's attention.<ref name = "Nilsen 6971">Nilsen 2008, pp. 69-71.</ref> During the late 1850s, it had become clear that the original Gare du Nord would be far too small to accommodate the demands of a major terminal station, thus it was decided to replace it entirely. The decision to redevelop the station was considerably eased by the expense of doing so being shared between the company and the city.<ref name = "Nilsen 103">Nilsen 2008, p. 103.</ref> Accordingly, the station building was partially demolished in 1860 to provide space for the current station; the original station's façade was removed and transferred to [[Lille-Flandres station|Lille station]] (now Lille-Flandres).<ref>{{cite book |first=Jean-Paul |last=Viguier |title=Architecte |publisher=Odile Jacob |date=24 September 2009 |page=196 |isbn=9782738123046 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqDxLj_ddgYC&pg=PA196 |via=Google Books |access-date=20 April 2020 |language=fr |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111224918/https://books.google.com/books?id=NqDxLj_ddgYC&pg=PA196 |url-status=live }}.</ref>

===Current station===
[[File:Gare du Nord Panorarma.JPG|thumb|Panoramic view of the arrival hall]]
[[File:Gare du Nord Fallblattanzeiger Departure-board.JPG|thumb|Departure board showing typical destinations]]
[[File:Paris Nord Platfrom.jpg|thumb|[[Eurostar]], [[Thalys]] and [[TGV]] trains fill the platforms]]
[[File:Gare du Nord Nouveau pole échange banlieue.JPG|thumb|New section with the hall for the RER lines]]
The chairman of the Chemin de Fer du Nord railway company, [[James Mayer de Rothschild]], chose the French architect [[Jacques Ignace Hittorff]] to design the current station. Construction of the new complex was carried out between May 1861 to December 1865; the new station actually opened for service while still under construction during 1864. The façade was designed around a triumphal arch and used many slabs of stone. The building has the usual U-shape of a terminus station. The main support beam is made out of [[cast iron]]. The support pillars inside the station were made at Alston & Gourley's ironworks in [[Glasgow]] in the United Kingdom, the only country with a [[foundry]] large enough for the task.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}

The sculptural display represents the principal cities served by the company. Eight of the nine most majestic statues, crowning the building along the cornice line, illustrate destinations outside France, with the ninth figure of Paris in the centre. Fourteen more modest statues representing northern European cities are lower on the façade. The sculptors represented are:

*London and [[Vienna]] by [[Jean-Louis Jaley]]
*[[Brussels]] and [[Warsaw]] by [[François Jouffroy]]
*[[Amsterdam]] by [[Charles Gumery]]
*[[Frankfurt]] by [[Gabriel Thomas]]
*[[Berlin]] by [[Jean-Joseph Perraud]]
*[[Cologne]] by [[Mathurin Moreau]]
*Paris, [[Boulogne]] and [[Compiegne]] by [[Pierre-Jules Cavelier]]
*[[Arras]] and [[Laon]] by [[Théodore-Charles Gruyère]]
*[[Lille]] and [[Beauvais]] by [[Charles-François Lebœuf]]
*[[Valenciennes]] and [[Calais]] by [[Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire]]
*[[Rouen]] and [[Amiens]] by [[Eugène-Louis Lequesne]]
*[[Douai]] and [[Dunkirk]] by [[Gustave Crauck]]
*[[Cambrai]] and [[Saint-Quentin, Aisne|Saint-Quentin]] by [[Auguste Ottin]]

It was originally planned that a monumental avenue would be constructed leading up to the station's façade, cutting through the old street layout. Between 1838 and 1859, around a dozen separate proposals to redevelop the streets around Gare du Nord were tabled.<ref name = "Nilsen 103"/> However, no such redevelopment ever happened despite the extensive rebuilding of Paris headed by the Baron [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]]; the Gare du Nord's absence from Haussmann's work has been referred to as "exhibiting arbitrariness and inconsistency".<ref name = "Nilsen 81">Nilsen 2008, p. 81.</ref> According to the railway historian Micheline Nilsen, the decision not to proceed with the redevelopment has been typically attributed to Haussmann and his personal displeasure that the city would have to bear such great expense on behalf of the Gare du Nord, and that Haussmann's overall attitude led to a pronounced understatement of the railways.<ref name = "Nilsen 89">Nilsen 2008, p. 89.</ref> Whatever the reason, the station has persistently suffered problems with a lack of space and poor access.<ref name="Times27-06-2015">{{cite news |title=Grubby Gare du Nord gets £1bn facelift |author=Charles Bremner |work=The Times |date=27 June 2015}}</ref><ref name = "Nilsen 81"/>

==Services ==
Like other Parisian railway stations, the Gare du Nord rapidly proved to be too small to handle persistent increases in railway traffic. Accordingly, the station has been periodically reconfigured.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> During 1884, engineers were able to install five supplementary tracks. During 1889, the station's interior was completely rebuilt, while an extension was constructed along its eastern side to serve the suburban rail lines. Further rounds of expansion work were carried out between the 1930s and the 1960s.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}

Beginning in 1906 and 1908, the station was served by the [[Paris Métro Line 4|Metro Line 4]] (which crosses Paris from north to south) and the terminus of [[Paris Métro Line 5|Metro Line 5]] (which ran to [[Charles de Gaulle-Étoile|Étoile]] through [[Place d'Italie (Paris Métro)|Place d'Italie]]. In 1942, Line 5 was extended towards the northern suburbs of [[Pantin]] and [[Bobigny]], while its south terminus was set to Place d'Italie. [[Paris Métro Line 2|Metro Line 2]] (station [[La Chapelle (Paris Métro)|La Chapelle]]) is linked to the Gare du Nord by a long, arched circular underground passageway.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gare_du_nord_chapelle_passage_paris.jpg |title=Couloir de correspondance entre la gare de Paris-Nord et la station de métro La Chapelle, à Paris |date=2009-12-09 |last=Conde |first=Franz |type=Image |language=fr |trans-title=Connection corridor between Paris-Nord station and La Chapelle metro station, in Paris |access-date=2023-11-26}}</ref>

During 1994, the arrival of high speed [[Eurostar]] international services required another reorganisation of the rail tracks:
*Tracks 1 and 2: Service platforms, not open to the public.
*Tracks 3 to 6: Eurostar trains to/from London. Access to these trains is from the upper level after border controls.
*Tracks 7 and 8: Eurostar trains to/from Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.
*Tracks 9 to 21: [[TGV]] and [[TER Hauts-de-France]]
*Tracks 30 to 36 (Suburban station extension): [[Transilien Paris-Nord|Transilien Lines H and K]]
*Tracks 41 and 44 (underground, level -3): [[RER D]]
*Tracks 42 and 43 (underground, level -3): [[RER B]]
*

It is also connected to the [[Gare du Nord (Paris Métro)|Gare du Nord Métro station]] ([[Paris Métro Line 4|Line 4]] and [[Paris Métro Line 5|Line 5]], 2 platforms), [[La Chapelle station|La Chapelle Métro station]] ([[Paris Métro Line 2|Line 2]], 2 platforms) and [[Magenta station]] ([[RER E]], 4 platforms).

After the 'Additional Protocol to the Sangatte Protocol' was signed by France and the United Kingdom on 29 May 2000, [[juxtaposed controls]] were set up in the station. [[Eurostar]] passengers travelling to the UK clear exit checks from the [[Schengen Area]] (carried out by the [[Direction nationale de la police aux frontières|French Border Police]] and [[Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes|French Customs]]) as well as UK entry checks (conducted by the [[Border Force|UK Border Force]]) in the station before boarding their train.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200001/ldhansrd/vo010316/text/10316-05.htm |title=Lords Hansard text for 16 March 2001 (210316-05) |publisher=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords |access-date=28 March 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002093210/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200001/ldhansrd/vo010316/text/10316-05.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[PARAFE]] self-service gates are available in the station which eligible passengers (EU, EEA and Swiss citizens aged 12 or above holding [[biometric passport]]s) can use to clear [[National Police (France)|French exit immigration checks]] (instead of a staffed counter). [[ePassport gates]] have also been installed in the station, which eligible passengers (UK, EU, EEA, Swiss, Australian, Canadian, Japanese, New Zealand, Singaporean, South Korean and United States citizens as well as other foreign nationals who have applied for the Registered Traveller scheme aged 12 or over holding [[biometric passport]]s) can use to clear [[Border Force|UK entry immigration]] instead of [[Border guard|a staffed counter]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}

By 2015, the Gare du Nord was reportedly the busiest railway station in Europe, handling in excess of 700,000 passengers during a typical day. Most of these passengers are commuters travelling in from the northern suburbs of Paris and outlying towns; only 3 per cent of the traffic has been attributed to [[Eurostar]]'s international services.<ref name="Times27-06-2015" />

There is a further construction project to build a connecting underground passageway between Gare du Nord and Gare de l'Est, which is projected to open in 2027.<ref>{{cite web |title=Projet : Nouvelle liaison Gare du Nord et Gare de l'Est |url=https://www.iledefrance-mobilites.fr/le-reseau/projets/liaison-garedunord-garedelest |website=Île-de-France Mobilités |access-date=29 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319185538/https://www.iledefrance-mobilites.fr/le-reseau/projets/liaison-garedunord-garedelest |archive-date=19 March 2025 |language=fr-FR |url-status=live}}</ref> When open the Gare du Nord-Gare de l'Est complex (including Magenta & La Chapelle) will have 77 platforms.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

Security for the station is provided by the [[National Police (France)|French National Police]], the railways police and private security companies. Due to the position of the station as a gateway to the northern suburbs of Paris, there are some parts of the station where security incidents occur from time to time.<ref>Henry Samuel, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1547026/Battle-of-Gare-du-Nord-rocks-Paris.html Battle of Gare du Nord rocks Paris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619115649/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1547026/Battle-of-Gare-du-Nord-rocks-Paris.html |date=19 June 2016 }}, ''the telegraph'', 29 March 2007.</ref>

==Refurbishment==
The SNCF has long sought to improve the station to better handle traffic, particularly following the expansion of [[high speed rail]] services during the 1990s and 2000s accompanied by rising passenger numbers.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> By 2015, 700,000 passengers were using the Gare du Nord each day;<ref name="Times27-06-2015" /> projections produced in 2018 predicted these numbers to rise to 800,000 by 2024 and 900,000 by 2030.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> During 2015, the architect Jean-Michel Wilmotte was engaged by SNCF with the directive to "open the station towards the city".<ref name="Times27-06-2015" /> According to SNCF Project Director Stéphane Cougnon, the programme has a budget in excess of 600 million euros (£526m).<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> The endeavour has the public backing of Paris's mayor, [[Anne Hidalgo]], who has also pledged to address the frequent traffic problems in front of the station by reconfiguring its approaches.<ref name="Times27-06-2015" /> Critics of the redevelopment have included several architects and urban planners, who have typically objected to the high level of commercialisation involved.<ref name = "newyork 2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/04/world/europe/paris-gare-du-nord.html |title='Indecent' and 'Absurd': Project for Gare du Nord Divides Paris |work=The New York Times |date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130181743/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/04/world/europe/paris-gare-du-nord.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-50643585 |title=Gare du Nord: Why Europe's busiest station needs a makeover fast |work=BBC News |first=Hugh |last=Schofield |date=28 December 2019 |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125073803/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-50643585 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The changes to the Gare du Nord shall be substantial, expanding its footprint to roughly two and a half times its pre-refurbishment footprint, turning it into the largest railway station in Europe.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> The expansion shall be facilitated largely by increasing the building's height, as well as by pulling back the outer walls in several places. The work shall build upon the existing philosophy of keeping arriving and departing passengers separated; all mainline departures are to be centralised within a new building alongside the eastern façade.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> To improve the station's interconnectivity with the rest of the city, the SNCF has reportedly considered the construction of a new eastern façade along the rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis to give direct access to the new departures terminal, as well as a new bus terminal.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/>

Various new onsite amenities shall be provisioned across {{Cvt|50000|m2}} of floorspace, representing a five-fold increase.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> Amongst the various retailers and commercial operations planned are two restaurants that are to operate on the station's roof, along with a [[gym]], [[tennis]] court, [[putting range]], {{Cvt|1000|m}} fitness trail along the façade, and in excess of {{Cvt|7000|m2}} of green space. To improve accessibility throughout, a total of 55 lifts and 105 escalators shall be installed, more than doubling the pre-redevelopment number.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> Eco-friendly considerations have also been made, conforming with the demanding [[BREEAM]] standards and incorporating features such as {{Cvt|3200|m2}} of [[solar panel]]s. Despite the ambitious scope, great care shall be taken to preserving its historic architecture and appearance, the station having been regarded as a national heritage site in its own right. The project has reportedly been modelled using several other major stations, including [[St Pancras railway station|London St Pancras]] and [[New York City|New York]]'s [[Grand Central Terminal]].<ref name = "railmag olympic"/>

During June 2019, a city commission opted to initially deny a construction permit associated with the project.<ref name = "newyork 2019"/> Nonetheless, work commenced on the refurbishment during late 2019, and is scheduled to be completed during late 2023.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> The station will remain open during the renovations despite the increased technical challenge posed by doing so, the cost of closure being judged to be too great. Substantial planning has gone into minimising disruption and maximising passenger comfort throughout the programme.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> Some portions of the station, such as the relatively recent facilities for Eurostar services, shall remain relatively untouched. In addition to work on the station site itself, SNCF shall be making alterations along the entire northern corridor within this period in association with the redevelopment work.<ref name = "railmag olympic"/> It is reportedly intended for the station's refurbishment to be completed by 2024, the year in which Paris is to host the [[2024 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]].<ref name = "railmag olympic"/>

==In popular culture==
The Gare du Nord has served as a backdrop in numerous French films, such as ''[[Les Poupées Russes]]'' (2005).

In Nancy Mitford's 1945 ''[[The Pursuit of Love]]'', Linda first meets Fabrice in the Gare du Nord when she runs out of resources and is sitting weeping on her suitcase.

In US movies, both the exterior and the interior of the Gare du Nord are seen in the 2002 film ''[[The Bourne Identity (2002 film)|The Bourne Identity]]'' with [[Matt Damon]] and again in the trilogy's finale, ''[[The Bourne Ultimatum (film)|The Bourne Ultimatum]]'', released in August 2007. It was also seen in ''[[Ocean's Twelve]]'' in 2004,<ref>{{cite web |title=OCEANS 12 – Production notes – About the production |url=http://www.cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=2807 |publisher=CinemaReview.com |access-date=1 December 2013 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731233733/http://www.cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=2807 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and ''[[Mr Bean's Holiday]]'' in 2007. The ending of the 2012 movie ''[[The Raven (2012 film)|The Raven]]'' by James McTeigue takes place at the station.

In [[Syrian]] author [[Zaher Omareen]]'s short story "The Beginner's Guide to Smuggling," the Gare du Nord is the station the protagonist uses in his travels through Paris.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cleave |first=Sarah |title=Banthology: Stories from Banned Nations |publisher=Deep Vellum Publishing |others=Anoud, Wajdi al-Ahdal, Ubah Cristina Ali Farah, Najwa Binshatwan, Rania Mamoun, Fereshteh Molavi, Zaher Omareen, Ruth Ahmedzai Kem, Basam Ghalayini |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-941920-73-2 |edition=1st |location=Dallas, Texas |publication-date=2018 |pages=13-28 |language=English}}</ref>

Scenes of ''[[Gossip Girl]]''{{'s}} episode "[[Double Identity (Gossip Girl)|Double Identity]]" were shot inside the Gare du Nord.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adalian |first1=Joe |last2=Gordon |first2=Diane |title=Gossip Girl Producers Dish On Chuck's Fate, Filming In Paris and Jenny Humphrey's Return |url=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/07/gossip_girl_producers_dish_on.html |date=29 July 2010 |work=New York Magazine |access-date=1 December 2013 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009122005/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/07/gossip_girl_producers_dish_on.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Train services==
The following services currently call at Paris Nord:
{| class="wikitable"
!Operator(s)
!Routes
|- 
| [[Eurostar]] 
| **Paris – [[St Pancras railway station|London]]
**Paris – [[Brussels-South railway station|Brussels]] – [[Rotterdam Centraal station|Rotterdam]] – [[Amsterdam Centraal station|Amsterdam]]
**Paris – Brussels – [[Köln Hauptbahnhof|Cologne]] – [[Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof|Düsseldorf]] – [[Essen Hauptbahnhof|Essen]] – [[Dortmund Hauptbahnhof|Dortmund]]
|-
| [[TGV]]
| **Paris – [[Gare de Lille Europe|Lille]] – [[Gare de Tourcoing|Tourcoing]]
**Paris – Lille – [[Gare de Calais-Ville|Calais]] – [[Gare de Boulogne-Ville|Boulogne]] – [[Gare de Rang-du-Fliers|Rang-du-Fliers]]
**Paris – Lille – [[Gare de Dunkerque|Dunkerque]]
**Paris – [[Gare d'Arras|Arras]] – [[Gare de Béthune|Béthune]] – Dunkerque
**Paris – Arras – [[Gare de Douai|Douai]] – [[Gare de Valenciennes|Valenciennes]]
|- 
| [[Transilien]]
|**[[Transilien Paris-Nord#Line H|Line H]]: Paris – [[Saint-Denis Station|Saint-Denis]] – [[Montsoult–Maffliers station|Montsoult–Maffliers]] – [[Luzarches Station|Luzarches]]
**Line H: Paris – Saint-Denis – Montsoult–Maffliers – [[Persan–Beaumont station|Persan–Beaumont]]
**Line H: Paris – Saint-Denis – [[Ermont–Eaubonne station|Ermont–Eaubonne]] – Persan–Beaumont
**Line H: Paris – Saint-Denis – Ermont–Eaubonne – [[Gare de Pontoise|Pontoise]]
**[[Transilien Paris-Nord#Line K|Line K]]: Paris – [[Aulnay-sous-Bois Station|Aulnay-sous-Bois]] – [[Mitry - Claye Station|Mitry-Claye]] – [[Crépy-en-Valois Station|Crépy-en-Valois]]
|-
|[[TER Hauts-de-France]]
|**Paris – Crépy-en-Valois – [[Gare de Soissons|Soissons]] – [[Gare de Laon|Laon]]
**Paris – [[Creil Station|Creil]] – [[Gare de Compiègne|Compiègne]] – [[Gare de Tergnier|Tergnier]] – Saint-Quentin
**Paris – Persan–Beaumont – [[Gare de Beauvais|Beauvais]]
**Paris – [[Gare d'Orry-la-Ville-Coye|Orry-la-Ville]] – Creil – [[Gare de Saint-Just-en-Chaussée|Saint-Just-en-Chaussée]] – [[Gare de Breteuil-Embranchement|Breteuil]] – [[Gare d'Amiens|Amiens]]
|}

===RER===
Gare du Nord is connected to the [[Paris RER]] network.

Line [[RER B|B]] stops at tracks 42 and 43, while Line [[RER D|D]] stops at tracks 41 and 44. All four tracks are located on level -3, under the main station. Line B trains serve either [[Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport|Charles de Gaulle Airport]] or [[Gare de Mitry – Claye|Mitry – Claye]] north of the city, and [[Gare d'Antony|Antony]] (for [[Orly Airport]]), [[Gare de Massy-Palaiseau|Massy-Palaiseau]] (for [[Gare de Massy TGV|Massy TGV]]) or [[Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse]] south of the city. Line D offers a quick connection between Gare du Nord and [[Paris-Gare de Lyon|Gare de Lyon]] and many areas of south-east Paris. Line D also operates to northern Paris, to [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]] and [[Creil]]. Both lines also serve [[Stade de France]] in [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]].

The RER station is directly connected to [[Magenta station]], served by the [[RER E]] line. The underground connecting tunnel can be accessed from levels -1 or -2. The RER E offers a link between the Gare du Nord and [[Saint-Lazare (Paris Métro)|Saint-Lazare]]/[[Gare Saint-Lazare]] and to eastern Paris, to [[Bondy]], [[Chelles, Seine-et-Marne|Chelles]] and [[Tournan-en-Brie]].

===Paris Métro===
{{main|Gare du Nord (Paris Métro)}}The [[Gare du Nord (Paris Métro)|Gare du Nord station of the Paris Metro]] is served by lines [[Paris Métro Line 4|4]] and [[Paris Métro Line 5|5]] and can be reached through underground connecting tunnels can be accessed from levels -1 or -2. Both stations offer a connection between Gare du Nord and [[Gare de l'Est (Paris Métro)|Gare de l'Est]].

There is also a connection to [[La Chapelle station]] on [[Paris Métro Line 2|Line 2]] of the Paris Metro. An underground connecting tunnel can be accessed on level -2.

==See also==
{{Portal|France|Trains}}

* [[List of busiest railway stations in France]]
*[[List of Paris railway stations]]
*[[List of stations of the Paris RER]]
*[[List of stations of the Paris Métro]]
*[[List of works by Henri Chapu]] Sculptor of statue representing Beauvais
{{Clear}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*Nilsen, Micheline. "Railways and the Western European Capitals: Studies of Implantation in London, Paris, Berlin, and Brussels." Springer, 2008. {{ISBN|0-2306-1577-5}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
*{{Transilien website}}
*[http://www.garedunord.fr/ Gare du Nord.fr ] Information on visiting Gare du Nord
*[http://www.paris-in-photos.com/paris-gare-du-nord-train-station/paris-gare-du-nord.html Images of Gare du Nord]
*[http://parisbytrain.com/gare-du-nord-photos/ Gare du Nord Photo Tour |Paris By Train]
*[https://parisgaredunord.com/en/ Gare du Nord shops and general info about the station] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731231414/https://parisgaredunord.com/en/ |date=31 July 2020 }}
*High-resolution 360° Panorama of [https://mcid.mcah.columbia.edu/art-atlas/panoramas-world-architecture/gare-du-nord Gare du Nord |Art Atlas]
*{{GaresConnexions website}}

{{Paris Rail Stations}}
{{Eurostar navbox}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nord}}
[[Category:Railway termini in Paris]]
[[Category:Réseau Express Régional stations]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the 10th arrondissement of Paris]]
[[Category:Railway stations in France opened in 1846]]
[[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1864]]
[[Category:Railway stations served by Eurostar]]
[[Category:French railway stations with juxtaposed controls]]