View source for Gallia Lugdunensis

{{Short description|Province of the Roman Empire (area now part of France)}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name  = {{aut|Provincia Gallia Lvgdvnensis}}
|conventional_long_name = Province of Gallia Lugdunensis
|common_name  = Gallia Lugdunensis
|subdivision  = [[Roman province|Province]]
|nation       = the [[Roman Empire]]
|era          = [[ancient history|Antiquity]]
|capital      = [[Lugdunum]] 
|title_leader = 
|image_map    = Roman Empire - Lugdunensis (125 AD).svg
|image_map_caption = Province of Gallia Lugdunensis highlighted.
|life_span    =
|year_start   = 27–25 BC / 16–13 BC&nbsp;<!--space per [[MOS:DATE]]-->
|event_start  = Established after the [[Gallic Wars]]
|event1       = [[Gallic Empire]]
|date_event1  = 260–274
|year_end     = &nbsp;486
|event_end    = [[Kingdom of the Franks]]
|today        = [[France]]
|p1           = 
|flag_p1      = 
|s1           = Kingdom of the Franks
|flag_s1      = 
}}
'''{{lang|la|Gallia Lugdunensis}}''' ({{langx|fr|Gaule Lyonnaise}}) was a [[Roman province|province]] of the [[Roman Empire]] in what is now the modern country of [[France]], part of the [[Celts|Celtic]] territory of [[Gaul]] formerly known as [[Gallia Celtica|Celtica]]. It is named after its capital [[Lugdunum]] (today's [[Lyon]]), possibly Roman Europe's major city west of Italy, and a major imperial mint. Outside Lugdunum was the [[Sanctuary of the Three Gauls]], where representatives met to celebrate the cult of Rome and Augustus.

==History==
In {{lang|la|[[De Bello Gallico]]}} describing his conquest of Gaul (58–50 BC), Julius Caesar distinguished between {{lang|la|provincia nostra}} in the south of Gaul, which already was a Roman province in his time, and the three other parts of Gaul: the territories of the {{lang|la|italics=no|Aquitani}}, of the {{lang|la|italics=no|Belgae}}, and of the {{lang|la|italics=no|Galli}} also known as the {{lang|la|italics=no|Celtae}}. The territory of the Galli extended from the rivers [[Seine]] and [[Marne (river)|Marne]] in the north-east, which formed the boundary with {{lang|la|italics=no|[[Gallia Belgica]]}}, to the river [[Garonne]] in the south-west, which formed the border with {{lang|la|italics=no|[[Gallia Aquitania]]}}. Under [[Augustus]], {{lang|la|Gallia Lugdunensis}} was created by reducing in size the territory of the Gauls ({{lang|la|italics=no|Galli}}): the portion between the river [[Loire]] and the Garonne was given to {{lang|la|italics=no|Gallia Aquitania}}, and central-eastern portions were given to the new province of {{lang|la|italics=no|[[Germania Superior]]}}. The map shows the extent after these reductions. The date of the creation of {{lang|la|italics=no|Gallia Lugdunensis}} is under discussion, whether between 27 and 25 BC or between 16 and 13 BC, during Augustus' visits to Gaul.

It was an imperial province, deemed important enough to be governed by an imperial [[legatus|legate]]. Under the [[Tetrarchy]] (AD 296), it was first divided into two, {{lang|la|italics=no|Lugdunensis Prima}}, with its capital at Lyon, and {{lang|la|italics=no|Lugdunensis Secunda}}, with its capital at [[Rouen]]. This division is recorded in the [[Verona List]].<ref name=ODLA>{{ODLA|title=Lugdunensis Prima, Secunda, Senonia, and Tertia|page=925|first=Adam|last=Rogers}}</ref> Both new provinces belonged to the [[diocese of Gaul]], alongside the Helvetic, Belgian and German provinces.

[[Constantine I]] ({{reign | 306 | 337 | era=AD}}) divided the provinces again. {{lang|la|italics=no|Lugdunensis Senonia}}, with its capital at [[Sens]], was split off from Prima, while {{lang|la|italics=no|Lugdunensis Tertia}}, with its capital at [[Tours]], was separated from {{lang|la|italics=no|Secunda}}. According to the {{lang|la|[[Notitia Dignitatum]]}}, Prima was governed by a {{lang|la|[[consularis]]}}, while the other three were governed by a {{lang|la|[[praeses]]}}. All the provinces were gradually overrun by invading [[Franks]] and [[Burgundians]] during the 5th century. What was left of the provinces effectively ceased to exist in AD 486/487 when the Roman general [[Syagrius]], who controlled {{lang|la|italics=no|Secunda}} and {{lang|la|italics=no|Senonia}}, was defeated by the Franks.<ref name=ODLA/>

The cities and {{lang|la|[[castra]]}} of the four provinces are listed in the late 4th-century {{lang|la|[[Notitia Galliarum]]}} by their ethnic titles. The {{lang|la|castrum}} of Mâcon is a later addition to the {{lang|la|Notitia}}. They are listed here with their conventional short names (where different from the ethnic name) and their modern names:<ref>{{cite journal |first=Jill D. |last=Harries |title=Church and State in the ''Notitia Galliarum'' |journal=The Journal of Roman Studies |volume=68 |year=1978 |pages=26–43 |doi=10.2307/299625 |jstor=299625}}, at 39.</ref>
{{div col}}
*{{lang|la|Lugdunensis Prima}}
*#{{lang|la|Metropolis civitas Lugdunensium}}<br>([[Lyon]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Aeduorum}}<br>(Augustodunum, [[Autun]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Lingonum}}<br>(Andematunnum, [[Langres]])
*#{{lang|la|Castrum Cabillonense}}<br>([[Chalon-sur-Saone]])
*#{{lang|la|Castrum Matisconense}}<br>([[Mâcon]])
*{{lang|la|Lugdunensis Secunda}}
*#{{lang|la|Metropolis civitas Rotomagensium}}<br>([[Rouen]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Baiocassium}}<br>(Augustodorum, [[Bayeux]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Abrincatum}}<br>(Ingena, [[Avranches]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Ebroicorum}}<br>(Mediolanum, [[Évreux]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Saiorum}}<br>([[Sées]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Lexoviorum}}<br>(Noviomagus, [[Lisieux]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Constantia}}<br>([[Coutances]])
*{{lang|la|Lugdunensis Tertia}}
*#{{lang|la|Metropolis civitas Turinorum}}<br>(Caesarodunum, [[Tours]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Cenomannorum}}<br>(Suindunum, [[Le Mans]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Redonum}}<br>(Condate, [[Rennes]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Andecavorum}}<br>(Iuliomagus, [[Angers]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Namnetum}}<br>(Condivincum, [[Nantes]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Coriosolitum}}<br>(Fanum Martis, [[Corseul]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Venetum}}<br>(Darioritum, [[Vannes]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Osismorum}}<br>(Vorgium, [[Carhaix]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Diablintum}}<br>(Noviodunum, [[Jublains]])
*{{lang|la|Lugdunensis Senonia}}
*#{{lang|la|Metropolis civitas Senonum}}<br>(Agedincum, [[Sens]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Carnotum}}<br>(Autricum, [[Chartres]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Autisiodorum}}<br>([[Auxerre]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Tricassium}}<br>(Augustobona, [[Troyes]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Aurelianorum}}<br>(Cenabum, [[Orléans]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Parisiorum}}<br>(Lutetia, [[Paris]])
*#{{lang|la|Civitas Melduorum}}<br>(Iatinum, [[Meaux]]) 
{{div col end}}

==Governors==
[[File:Roman Empire 125.png|thumb|upright=1.8|The Roman empire in the time of [[Hadrian]] (ruled 117–138 AD), showing, in central [[Gaul]], the [[imperial province]] of {{lang|la|italic=no|Gallia Lugdunensis}} (north/central France). Note that the coast lines shown on the map are those of today, known to be different from those in Roman times in parts of {{lang|la|italic=no|Gallia Lugdunensis}}.]]

*c. 21: [[Acilius Aviola (legate)|Acilius Aviola]]<ref>[[Tacitus]], {{lang|la|[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]}}, III.41.1</ref>
*66-69 [[Junius Blaesus (governor)|Junius Blaesus]]<ref>Tacitus, ''[[Histories (Tacitus)|Histories]]'', III.38</ref>
*78–80: [[Titus Tettienus Serenus]]<ref>[[Werner Eck]], {{lang|de|italic=no|"Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139"}}, ''[[Chiron (journal)|Chiron]]'', 12 (1982), pp.&nbsp;320-324</ref>
*80–83: [[Gaius Cornelius Gallicanus]]<ref>Eck, {{lang|de|italic=no|"Jahres- und Provinzialfasten"}}, pp.&nbsp;304-306</ref>
*83–87: [[Lucius Minicius Rufus]]<ref>Eck, {{lang|de|italic=no|"Jahres- und Provinzialfasten"}}, pp.&nbsp;306–313</ref>
*Between 123 and 130: [[Tiberius Claudius Quartinus]]<ref name=Eck-198>Eck, {{lang|de|italic=no|"Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139"}}, ''Chiron'' 13 (1983), p.&nbsp;198</ref>
*Between 126 and 137: [[Titus Vitrasius Pollio (consul 137)|Titus Vitrasius Pollio]]<ref name=Eck-198/>
*c. 146–149: [[Titus Flavius Longinus Quintus Marcius Turbo]]<ref name=Alföldy-255>[[Géza Alföldy]], {{lang|de|Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen}} (Bonn: Habelt Verlag, 1977), p.&nbsp;255</ref>
*Between 138 and 161: [...] Pacatus<ref name=Alföldy-255/>
*Between 138 and 161: [...]latin Pi[...]atus<ref name=Alföldy-256>Alföldy, {{lang|de|Konsulat und Senatorenstand}}, p.&nbsp;256</ref>
*161–162: [[Gaius Popilius Carus Pedo]]<ref>Edward Dabrowa, ''Legio X Fretensis: A Prosopographical Study of its Officers (I-III c. A.D.)'' (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1993), p.&nbsp;45</ref>
*Between 161 and 168: [[Lucius Aemilius Frontinus]]<ref name=Alföldy-256/>
*Between 160 and 169 ''or'' 177 and 180: [...] Egr[ilius Plarianus Larcius Lep]idus [Flavius ...]<ref name=Alföldy-256/>
*187–188 or 185–189:<ref>{{cite book|last=Hekster|first=Olivier|title=Commodus: An Emperor at the Crossroads|year=2002|page=65}}</ref> [[Septimius Severus]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Fishwick|first=Duncan|title=The Imperial Cult in the Latin West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire|publisher=E. J. Brill|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGRRAAAAYAAJ|page=347|isbn=978-90-04-07179-7 }}</ref>
*c. 195–198: [[Titius Flavius Secundus Philippianus]]<ref name=Leunissen-288>Paul M. M. Leunissen, {{lang|de|Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander}} (Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben, 1989), p.&nbsp;288</ref>
*c. 218: [[Tiberius Claudius Paulinus]]<ref name=Leunissen-288/>
*220–222: [[Marcus Aedinius Julianus]] ({{lang|la|procurator agens vice praesidis}})<ref name=Leunissen-288/>
*After 223: [[Badius Comnianus]] ({{lang|la|procurator agens vice praesidis}})<ref>Leunissen, {{lang|de|Konsuln und Konsulare}}, pp. 288ff.</ref>
* Between 240 and 245: [[Appius Alexander]] (''praeses provinciae'')<ref>Peter Herrmann, and Ûzmir Hasan Malay, [https://ifa.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de/fileadmin/IfA/EpiAna_pdfs/036001.pdf "Statue Bases of the Mid Third Century A.D. from Smyrna"], ''Epigraphica Anatolica'', 36 (2003), pp. 4–6</ref>

==See also==
*[[Lyonesse]]
*[[Forum of Vieux-la-Romaine]]
*[[Gallo-Roman Baths of Tours]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/350938/Lugdunensis Britannica]
* [http://www.euratlas.net/cartogra/peutinger/1_gallia/gaul_txt_8_2.html A very old map showing this region of France]

{{Roman provinces AD 117}}
{{Late Roman Provinces|state=collapsed}}
{{Roman history by territory}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|45.7597|N|4.8194|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Gallia Lugdunensis| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the Roman Republic]]
[[Category:Provinces of Roman Gaul]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 1st century BC]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 5th century]]
[[Category:History of Rhône-Alpes]]
[[Category:20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:486 disestablishments]]
[[Category:480s disestablishments in the Roman Empire]]