View source for Gabazine

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Drugbox
| verifiedrevid = 408563983
| IUPAC_name = 2-(3-carboxypropyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydropyridazin-3-iminium bromide
| image = Gabazine new.svg
| caption = Gabazine [[bromide]]
| width = 180px

<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =  
| legal_status =

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability =  
| metabolism =  
| elimination_half-life =  
| excretion =

<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 104104-50-9

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII =  99460MG420

| ATC_prefix = none
| PubChem = 107895
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4925141
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 303580

<!--Chemical data-->
| C=15 | H=18 | Br=1 | N=3 | O=3 
| smiles = [Br-].C(=O)(O)CCCN1N=C(C=CC1=[NH2+])C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C15H17N3O3.BrH/c1-21-12-6-4-11(5-7-12)13-8-9-14(16)18(17-13)10-2-3-15(19)20;/h4-9,16H,2-3,10H2,1H3,(H,19,20);1H
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = GFZHNFOGCMEYTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
<!--
{{Chembox Properties
|Appearance= White crystalline powder
}}
-->
'''Gabazine''' ('''SR-95531''') is a [[drug]] that acts as an [[Receptor antagonist|antagonist]] at [[GABAA receptor|GABA<sub>A</sub>]] [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]]s. It is used in scientific research and has no role in medicine, as it would be expected to produce [[convulsion]]s if used in humans.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Behrens CJ, van den Boom LP, Heinemann U | title = Effects of the GABA(A) receptor antagonists bicuculline and gabazine on stimulus-induced sharp wave-ripple complexes in adult rat hippocampus in vitro | journal = The European Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 7 | pages = 2170–2181 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17419756 | doi = 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05462.x | s2cid = 85328190 }}</ref>

Gabazine binds to the GABA recognition site of the receptor-channel complex and acts as an [[allosteric regulation|allosteric inhibitor]] of channel opening.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ueno S, Bracamontes J, Zorumski C, Weiss DS, Steinbach JH | title = Bicuculline and gabazine are allosteric inhibitors of channel opening of the GABAA receptor | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 625–634 | date = January 1997 | pmid = 8987785 | pmc = 6573228 | doi = 10.1523/jneurosci.17-02-00625.1997 }}</ref> The net effect is to reduce GABA-mediated [[Chemical synapse|synaptic]] inhibition by inhibiting [[chloride]] flux across the cell membrane, and thus inhibiting neuronal hyperpolarization. While phasic (synaptic) inhibition is gabazine-sensitive, tonic (extrasynaptic) inhibition is relatively gabazine-insensitive.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yeung JY, Canning KJ, Zhu G, Pennefather P, MacDonald JF, Orser BA | title = Tonically activated GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons are high-affinity, low-conductance sensors for extracellular GABA | journal = Molecular Pharmacology | volume = 63 | issue = 1 | pages = 2–8 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12488530 | doi = 10.1124/mol.63.1.2 | s2cid = 6827514 }}</ref>

Gabazine has been found to bind to and antagonize α<sub>4</sub>βδ [[Protein subunit|subunit]]-containing GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors, which may represent the [[GHB receptor]].<ref name="pmid22753476">{{cite journal | vauthors = Absalom N, Eghorn LF, Villumsen IS, Karim N, Bay T, Olsen JV, Knudsen GM, Bräuner-Osborne H, Frølund B, Clausen RP, Chebib M, Wellendorph P | display-authors = 6 | title = α4βδ GABA(A) receptors are high-affinity targets for γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 33 | pages = 13404–13409 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22753476 | pmc = 3421209 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1204376109 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2012PNAS..10913404A }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{GABAergics}}
{{GHBergics}}
{{Convulsants}}

[[Category:GABAA receptor antagonists]]
[[Category:GABAA-rho receptor antagonists]]
[[Category:GHB receptor antagonists]]
[[Category:Convulsants]]
[[Category:Pyridazines]]
[[Category:4-Methoxyphenyl compounds]]
[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

{{nervous-system-drug-stub}}