View source for G cell

{{Short description|Type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin}}
{{Infobox cell
| Name        = G cell
| Latin       = endocrinocytus G
| Image       = Control-of-stomach-acid-sec.png
| Caption     = Control of stomach acid
| Image2      =
| Caption2    =
| Precursor   =
| System      = [[Digestion|Digestive system]]
| Location = [[Stomach]] and [[duodenum]]
| Function = [[Gastrin]] secretion
}}
A '''G cell''' or '''gastrin cell''' is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes [[gastrin]]. It works in conjunction with [[gastric chief cell]]s and [[parietal cells]]. G cells are found deep within the [[pyloric glands]] of the [[stomach]] [[Pyloric antrum|antrum]], and occasionally in the [[pancreas]]<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_iv_1/g/G_cell.aspx|title=G cell|publisher=[[General Electric|GE]]|work=Medcyclopaedia}}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and [[duodenum]]. The [[vagus nerve]] innervates the G cells. [[Gastrin-releasing peptide]] is released by the post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve onto G cells during [[parasympathetic]] stimulation. The peptide hormone [[bombesin]] also stimulates gastrin from G cells. Gastrin-releasing peptide, as well as the presence of [[amino acids]] in the stomach, stimulates the release of gastrin from the G cells. Gastrin stimulates [[enterochromaffin-like cell]]s to secrete [[histamine]].<ref>{{Cite book| edition = 11| publisher = Elsevier Saunders| isbn = 0-7216-0240-1| page = 797| last = Guyton| first = Arthur C.|author2=John E. Hall| title = Textbook of Medical Physiology| location = Philadelphia| date = 2006}}</ref> Gastrin also targets [[parietal cell]]s by increasing the amount of histamine and the direct stimulation by gastrin, causing the parietal cells to increase [[Hydrochloric acid|HCl]] secretion in the stomach. G-cells frequently express [[PD-L1]] during homeostasis which protects them from [[Helicobacter pylori]]-induced immune destruction <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mommersteeg MC, Yu BT, van den Bosch TP, von der Thüsen JH, Kuipers EJ, Doukas M, Spaander MC, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM | title = Constitutive programmed death ligand 1 expression protects gastric G-cells from Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation | journal = Helicobacter | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = e12917 | date = October 2022 | pmid = 35899973 | doi = 10.1111/hel.12917| pmc = 9542424 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Structure==
[[File:G cell hyperplasia - very high mag.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Micrograph]] of the [[gastric antrum]] showing abundant [[fried egg]]-like G cells. [[H&E stain]].]]
G cells have a distinctive microscopic appearance that allows one to separate them from other cells in the gastric antrum; their nuclei are centrally located in the cell. They are found in the middle portion of the [[Fundic glands|gastric glands]].

== See also ==
*[[List of human cell types derived from the germ layers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}
*[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/G+cell Definition at thefreedictionary.com]

{{Gastrointestinal physiology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Protein secreting cells]]
[[Category:Stomach]]