View source for GCHQ Bude

{{Short description|Government Communications Headquarters installation in Bude, Cornwall, UK}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name       = GCHQ Bude, also known as<br>GCHQ Composite Signals Organisation Station Morwenstow
|partof     = [[Government Communications Headquarters]] 
|location   = Located near [[Coombe, Bude]], [[Cornwall]]
|country    = [[United Kingdom]]
|image      = [[File:Cattle by GCHQ radio station - geograph.org.uk - 412255.jpg|300px]]
|alt        = 
|caption    = Part of the satellite dish array of GCHQ Bude
|type       = [[Government of the United Kingdom|UK Government]] [[Ground station|satellite ground station]] and [[Mass surveillance|eavesdropping centre]]
|coordinates= {{coord|50.8862|-4.5537|format=dms|region:GB-CON_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|gridref    = SS 2046 1246<ref name=Cornwalls.co.uk/>
|map_type   = United Kingdom Cornwall (mainland)
|map_relief = 1
|map_size   = 300
|pushpin_label= GCHQ Bude
|ownership  = [[Government of the United Kingdom]] <!--government department such as the MoD or the United States DoD -->
|operator   = GCHQ<!-- where different from ownership such as the RAF or the USAF -->
|controlledby= <!-- such as RAF Bomber Command or the Eighth Air Force -->
|site_other_label= <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
|site_other = <!-- for other sorts of facilities - radar types etc -->  
|site_area  = <!-- area of site m2, km2 square mile etc -->
|built      = 1969–2001
|used       = 1974–present
|builder    =
|materials  =
|height     = 
|length     = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
|fate       =
|condition  = Active
|events     = 
|current_commander= <!-- current commander -->
|past_commanders = <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
|garrison   = 
|commanders = 
|occupants  =
|website    = https://www.GCHQ.gov.uk/gchq-bude
|footnotes  = <!-- catchall in case it's needed to preserve something in infobox that doesn't work in new code -->
}}
[[File:GCHQ Bude from an aircraft 02.jpg|alt=A view of GCHQ Bude from the air, taken from a small aircraft from a couple of miles away. The Atlantic Ocean is visible in the bottom right of the image and GCHQ Bude itself lies on a cliff face amongst rolling fields|thumb|GCHQ Bude. The various satellite dishes are clearly visible]]
'''GCHQ Bude''', also known as '''GCHQ Composite Signals Organisation Station Morwenstow''',<ref name=Cornwalls.co.uk>{{cite web|url=https://www.Cornwalls.co.uk/photos/gchq-cso-morwenstow-gchq-bude-2592.htm|title=GCHQ CSO Morwenstow (GCHQ Bude)|website=www.Cornwalls.co.uk|publisher=Cornwall Guide|date=8 March 2008|accessdate=19 October 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019221753/https://www.cornwalls.co.uk/photos/gchq-cso-morwenstow-gchq-bude-2592.htm|archivedate=19 October 2017}}</ref> abbreviated to '''GCHQ CSO Morwenstow''',<ref name=Cornwalls.co.uk/> is a [[Government of the United Kingdom|UK Government]] [[Ground station|satellite ground station]] and [[Mass surveillance|eavesdropping centre]] located on the north [[Cornwall]] coast at Cleave Camp,<ref>The coastal footpath post at the north western corner of the site states "Cleave Camp. Grid ref SS201 130" at coordinates position 50.8884°N 4.5591°W. The site has been referred to locally as Cleave Camp since the Second World War. {{cite web|url=http://www.BudePeople.co.uk/Snippets-Bude/story-12798337-detail/story.html|title=A few snippets about Bude|website=BudePeople.co.uk|publisher=Bude People|author1=BudePeeps|date=19 June 2011|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20131230194502/http://www.budepeople.co.uk/Snippets-Bude/story-12798337-detail/story.html|archivedate=30 December 2013}}  There is a second coastal footpath post at approximately the mid-point of the western side of the station which states "Harscott High Cliff (N). Grid ref SS199 127" at coordinates position 50.8856°N 4.5618°W.  The cliff headland at this point is Lower Sharpnose Point.</ref> between the small villages of [[Morwenstow]] and [[Coombe, Bude|Coombe]].  It is operated by the British [[signals intelligence]] service, officially known as the [[Government Communications Headquarters]], commonly abbreviated GCHQ.  It is located on part of the site of the former [[World War II]] airfield, [[RAF Cleave]].

==History==
The site of GCHQ Bude is in [[Morwenstow]], the northernmost [[Civil parishes in Cornwall|parish]] of [[Cornwall]].  During [[World War II]], the location was developed for and used by the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF).  [[RAF Cleave]] was conceived as housing target and target support [[Military aircraft|aircraft]] for firing ranges along the north Cornwall coast, and land was acquired from Cleave Manor.  In 1939, it became home to two [[Flight (military unit)|flights]] of {{nowrap|1 Anti-Aircraft Co-operation Unit}} (1AAC).  In 1943, [[No. 639 Squadron RAF|No. 639 Squadron]] was established on the site for the remainder of the war.  The airfield was put under maintenance in April 1945, staying under government ownership.<ref name="slice">{{cite web|last=London|first=Pete|title=Slice of life - "GCHQ Bude - we are listening"|date=11 June 2013|url=http://PeteLondon.blogspot.com/2013/06/normal-0-false-false-false.html|website=PeteLondon.blogspot.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229135506/http://petelondon.blogspot.com/2013/06/normal-0-false-false-false.html|archivedate=29 December 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Cleave Camp, old gun emplacement and dish, December 2013.jpg|thumb|left|Remains of gun emplacement with GCHQ Bude dishes behind]]

===Satellite interception===
In the early 1960s, developments occurred which appear to have prompted the establishment of the facility now known as GCHQ Bude.  In 1962, a satellite receiving station for the commercial [[Telecommunications|communication]] satellites of [[Intelsat]] was established at [[Goonhilly Downs]], just over 60 miles (100 kilometres) south-southwest of Morwenstow.<ref name="aldrich">{{cite book|last=Aldrich|first=Richard J|title=GCHQ|year=2010|publisher=[[HarperCollins|Harper Press]]|location=London, UK|isbn=978-0-00-731266-5|pages=342–343}}</ref>

The downstream link from the Intelsat satellites could easily be intercepted by placing [[Parabolic antenna|receiver dishes]] nearby in the satellites' 'footprint'.  For that, the land at Cleave was allotted to the [[Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Public Building and Works]] in 1967, and construction of the satellite interception station began in 1969.  Two {{convert|90|ft|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} dishes appeared first, followed by smaller dishes in the ensuing years.  The station was originally signposted as 'CSOS Morwenstow', with 'CSOS' standing for Composite Signals Organisation Station.  In 2001, a third large dish appeared, and the station eventually became known as 'GCHQ Bude'.<ref name="slice"/>

===UK-US cooperation===
From its inception, the station has been an [[United Kingdom–United States relations|Anglo-American]] co-operative project.  The United States [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) paid for most of the infrastructure and the technology.  The running costs, like payments for the staff, were paid by GCHQ, who also provided the land.  The intelligence that was collected by the Bude satellite station was shared between NSA and GCHQ, and was jointly processed.<ref name="aldrich"/>

Another sign of the close cooperation between both countries was that [[Leonard Hooper|Sir Leonard Hooper]], GCHQ director in the late 1960s, wrote to his NSA counterpart regarding the then two large [[Parabolic antenna|dishes]].  He suggested naming them 'Pat' and 'Louis', after NSA director [[Marshall Carter|Marshall 'Pat' Carter]] and his deputy, [[Louis W. Tordella|Louis Tordella]].<ref name=Bamford>{{cite book|last=Bamford|first=James|title=The Shadow Factory|year=2008|publisher=Anchor Books|location=New York, US|isbn=978-0-307-27939-2|pages=215–217}}</ref>

In 2010, the National Security Agency paid GCHQ £15.5m for redevelopments at the site.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.TheGuardian.com/uk-news/2013/aug/01/nsa-paid-gchq-spying-edward-snowden|title=Exclusive: NSA pays £100m in secret funding for GCHQ|work=[[The Guardian]]|author1=Nick Hopkins|author2=Julian Borger|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125143605/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/aug/01/nsa-paid-gchq-spying-edward-snowden |archivedate=25 January 2014}}</ref>

===Cable interception===
In 1963, [[TAT-3]], an [[Submarine communications cable|undersea cable]] linking the United Kingdom to the United States, was laid from [[Tuckerton, New Jersey]], US to [[Widemouth Bay]], Cornwall, just {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} south of the site at Cleave Camp.<ref name=Bamford/> The British [[General Post Office]] (GPO) routinely monitored all communications passing along the TAT-3 cable, forwarding any messages they felt were relevant to the security services.<ref name=Bamford/>

The site at Cleave Camp presented an opportunity to monitor submarine cable traffic from the nearby [[Cable landing point|landing points]], while at the same time intercepting communications meant for the commercial satellite ground station at Goonhilly Downs.<ref name="aldrich"/>

The [[Grace Hopper (submarine communications cable)|Grace Hopper]] is a private undersea cable funded by Google that connects New York with Bude, with the location chosen as it was "an ideal, nicely protected beach and adjacent to a lot of the terrestrial infrastructure needed".<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-14|title='Massive' transatlantic data cable landed on beach in Bude|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-57713168|access-date=2021-09-15}}</ref>

==Satellite installations==
[[File:GCHQ Bude.jpg|thumb|The different types satellite receivers at GCHQ Bude; including 'naked' [[parabolic antenna]]s  along with hidden antenna covered by a [[radome]].]]
GCHQ Bude station comprises twenty one [[Parabolic antenna|satellite antennas]]<ref name=Cornwalls.co.uk/> of various sizes, including three that have a diameter of {{convert|30|m|-1|abbr=on}}, that could theoretically cover all the main frequency bands: [[L band]], [[C band (IEEE)|C band]], [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]], [[X band]], [[Ka band|K<sub>a</sub> band]], and [[V band]].  Calculated on the basis of their position, their elevation, and their compass ([[azimuth]]) angle, the antennas are generally orientated towards [[satellite]]s of the [[Intelsat|INTELSAT]], [[Intersputnik]], and [[Inmarsat|INMARSAT]] communications networks over the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], and the [[Indian Ocean]], as well as towards the [[Middle East]] and mainland [[Europe]].  Somewhere between 2011 and 2013, a [[Parabolic torus reflector antenna|torus antenna]]<ref>{{cite web|title=GCHQ Bude's TORUS antenna|url=https://www.GCHQ.gov.uk/sites/default/files/styles/def_image_3840_wide_gallery_zoom/public/bude_aerials_1_DSC_3813.jpg?itok=ma5pRcZs|format=jpg|website=www.GCHQ.gov.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018071712/https://www.gchq.gov.uk/sites/default/files/styles/def_image_3840_wide_gallery_zoom/public/bude_aerials_1_DSC_3813.jpg?itok=ma5pRcZs|archivedate=18 October 2017}}</ref> was installed, which is able to receive the signals of up to thirty-five satellites simultaneously.  This antenna is not covered by a [[radome]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://Electrospaces.blogspot.co.uk/2015/04/torus-antenna-to-significantly-increase.html|title=Torus: the antenna to significantly increase satellite interception|website=Electrospaces.blogspot.co.uk|publisher=Electrospaces.net|date=8 April 2015|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018190445/https://electrospaces.blogspot.co.uk/2015/04/torus-antenna-to-significantly-increase.html|archivedate=18 October 2017}}</ref>

Staff are drawn from GCHQ (UK) and the NSA (US), and the station is operated under the [[UKUSA Agreement|UKUSA agreement]], gathering data for the [[ECHELON]] signals intelligence ([[Signals intelligence|SIGINT]]) network.  Comparable stations in operation include [[RAF Menwith Hill]] (UK), [[Sugar Grove Station]] (West Virginia, US), Yakima (Washington, US), [[Sabana Seca]] (Puerto Rico), [[Misawa Air Base]] (Japan), [[Pine Gap]] (Australia), Geraldton (Australia), [[Waihopai Station|GCSB Waihopai]] (New Zealand), and [[Tangimoana Station|GCSB Tangimoana]] (New Zealand), that cover other INTELSAT areas such as [[South America]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://Intelsat.com/fleetmaps/|title=Coverage map|website=Intelsat.com|publisher=[[Intelsat]]|accessdate=15 January 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119175552/http://www.intelsat.com/fleetmaps/|archivedate=19 January 2017}}</ref>

==Activities==
The activities of GCHQ Bude usually remain [[Classified information|classified]], partly in response to concerns expressed by some [[European Union]] (EU) member states that Morwenstow is responsible for [[industrial espionage]] and the interception of civilian communications; a report by the [[European Parliament]] (referenced below) was made public in 2001 that provides some details about the station.  The [[Intelligence Services Act 1994]] grants GCHQ the power 'to monitor or interfere with electromagnetic, acoustic and other emissions and any equipment producing such emissions, and to obtain and provide information derived from or related to such emissions or equipment'.  This includes [[BlackBerry Messenger]] (BBM) and audio messages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.TheGuardian.com/uk/2011/aug/15/mi5-social-messaging-riot-organisers-police|title=MI5 joins social messaging trawl for riot organisers|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 August 2011|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018070917/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/aug/15/mi5-social-messaging-riot-organisers-police|archivedate=18 October 2017}}</ref>

On 1 June 2007, GCHQ Bude was designated as a protected site for the purposes of Section 128 of the [[Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005]].  The effect of the act was to make it a specific criminal offence for a person to [[Trespass in English law|trespass]] into the site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.Gov.uk/government/publications/trespass-on-protected-sites-sections-128-131-of-the-serious-organised-crime-and-police-act-2005|title=Home Office circular 018/2007 {{!}} Trespass on protected sites - sections 128-131 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005|date=22 May 2007|website=GOV.uk|publisher=[[Home Office]]|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017203015/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trespass-on-protected-sites-sections-128-131-of-the-serious-organised-crime-and-police-act-2005|archivedate=17 October 2017}}</ref>

Up until early 2014, the GCHQ careers website had a page on GCHQ Bude, which said that it employs digital communications experts who play an important role in formulating the United Kingdom Government's response to issues involving national security, military operations and serious crime.  The web page mentioned that the site is adjacent to the coastal footpath, which is part of the [[South West Coast Path]].<ref>{{cite web|title=GCHQ - explore another world - Bude|url=https://GCHQ-careers.co.uk/life-at-gchq/locations/bude/|website=GCHQ-careers.co.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109073713/http://www.gchq-careers.co.uk/life-at-gchq/locations/bude|archivedate=9 January 2014}}</ref> Elsewhere on the website, job applicants were warned that they will be subject to [[Classified information in the United Kingdom|Developed Vetting Security Clearance]], which could take up to nine months to proceed.<ref>{{cite web|title=GCHQ - explore another world|url=https://GCHQ-careers.co.uk/how-to-apply/overview/|website=GCHQ-careers.co.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101100202/http://www.gchq-careers.co.uk/how-to-apply/overview/|archivedate=1 January 2014}}</ref>

As of 2016, the GCHQ careers website had a 'Life at GCHQ' page, its 'Bude' section of the page describes working at GCHQ Bude a little.  It mentions a gym and restaurant (boasting a "sea view") within the facility.  It also describes a range of social and outdoor sporting events which employees can take part in.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://GCHQ-careers.co.uk/life-at-gchq.html|title=Life at GCHQ|website=GCHQ-careers.co.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930063837/https://www.gchq-careers.co.uk/life-at-gchq.html|archivedate=30 September 2017}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
===Edward Snowden and related revelations===
In June 2013, ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper, using documents leaked by former [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) contractor, [[Edward Snowden]], revealed the existence of an operation codenamed ''[[Tempora]]'', whereby [[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]] is able to tap into data which flows along undersea cables and then store it for up to 30 days, to assess and analyse it.  The article refers to a three-year trial set up at GCHQ Bude which, by mid-2011, was probing more than 200 internet connections.<ref name=TheGuardian2013jun21>{{cite news|title=GCHQ taps fibre-optic cables for secret access to world's communications|url=https://www.TheGuardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa|accessdate=17 October 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=21 June 2013|author=Ewen MacAskill|author2=Julian Borger|author3=Nick Hopkins|author4=Nick Davies|author5=James Ball|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017143724/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa|archivedate=17 October 2017}}</ref>

A further ''Guardian'' report in December 2013 stated that eavesdropping efforts to target [[Charitable organization|charities]], [[Politics of Germany|German government]] buildings, the [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]], and an [[European Commissioner|EU commissioner]] centred on activities run from GCHQ Bude.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.TheGuardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/20/gchq-targeted-aid-agencies-german-government-eu-commissioner|title=GCHQ and NSA targeted charities, Germans, Israeli PM, and EU chief|work=[[The Guardian]]|author1=James Ball|author2=Nick Hopkins|date=20 December 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222203332/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/20/gchq-targeted-aid-agencies-german-government-eu-commissioner |archivedate=22 December 2013}}</ref>

GCHQ Bude was featured extensively in the 3 September 2014 [[BBC Two]] ''[[Horizon (UK TV series)|Horizon]]'' television programme: '[[List of Horizon episodes#Series 51: 2014–2015|Inside the Dark Web]]'.<ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Horizon: Inside the dark web|url=https://www.BBC.co.uk/programmes/p025z1kq|website=BBC.co.uk|date=3 September 2014 |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230115713/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p025z1kq|archivedate=30 December 2017}}</ref>  This programme estimated that 25% of all internet traffic travels through Cornwall.  Dr Joss Wright of the [[University of Oxford|University]] of [[Oxford Internet Institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Internet Institute profile|url=http://www.OII.ox.ac.uk/people/?id=176|website=OII.ox.ac.uk|publisher=[[Oxford Internet Institute]]|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217112732/http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/?id=176|archivedate=17 December 2014}}</ref> explained how mirror images of the signals running down submarine Ethernet cables are used to gather and analyse data.  The programme claimed that this procedure involves an optical tap device which is inserted at the [[Submarine communications cable|submarine cable]] [[Optical communications repeater|repeater]] station.  A second copy of the data then travels to GCHQ, while the original carries on its intended journey.  GCHQ, it was claimed, then have three days to replay the data.  It was stated that everything that comes across the internet can theoretically be accessed; including [[email]]s, [[website]]s, [[BitTorrent]] downloads, films that have been watched, etc.  Wright added that internal documents show that in 2011, 200 10-gigabit cables coming into Cornwall were being tapped by GCHQ. Wright said that the entire digitised contents of the [[British Library]] could be transferred down that set of cables in about 40 seconds.  On the same programme, [[Tim Berners-Lee]] explained how huge volumes of data are analysed by GCHQ computer programmes to identify trends of communication which are deemed to require further examination.<ref>{{cite news|title=GCHQ taps fibre-optic cables for secret access to world's communications|url=https://www.TheGuardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=21 June 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017143724/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa|archivedate=17 October 2017}}</ref>

On 20 November 2014, [[Channel 4 News]] broadcast an investigation prepared in collaboration with German broadcaster [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk]] (WDR).  This report revealed that a leading UK communications company ([[Cable & Wireless Communications|Cable & Wireless]], now [[Vodafone]]) cooperated with GCHQ to allow access to data, including that carried by a rival Indian telecommunications company.  The broadcast detailed an operation centred on fibre-optic cables surfacing at [[Porthcurno]] beach and [[Sennen Cove]] in Cornwall, with data travelling to a nearby [[Cable landing point#Associated facilities|cable landing station]] at [[Skewjack|Skewjack Farm]], and then onwards to GCHQ Bude.<ref>{{cite news|title=Spy cable revealed: how telecoms firm worked with GCHQ|url=http://www.Channel4.com/news/spy-cable-revealed-how-telecoms-firm-worked-with-gchq|website=Channel4.com|publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121003713/http://www.channel4.com/news/spy-cable-revealed-how-telecoms-firm-worked-with-gchq|archivedate=21 November 2014}}</ref>

===Royal visit===
On 4 April 2016, [[Anne, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]] made the first Royal visit to GCHQ Bude Station.  She arrived by helicopter and was greeted by the head of GCHQ Bude Station, along with the [[Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall]], [[Edward Bolitho|Colonel Edward Bolitho]].  The visit consisted of a short tour of the site, and the princess met many members of staff, of all grades, from whom she learnt about some of the activities carried out at Bude.<ref name=RoyalVisitGCHQ>{{cite press release|title=GCHQ Bude hosts first Royal visit|url=https://www.GCHQ.gov.uk/press-release/gchq-bude-hosts-first-royal-visit|website=www.GCHQ.gov.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|date=4 April 2016|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018071853/https://www.gchq.gov.uk/press-release/gchq-bude-hosts-first-royal-visit|archivedate=18 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gallery {{!}} HRH Princess Anne visits GCHQ Bude {{!}} Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal has made the first Royal visit to GCHQ Bude|url=https://www.GCHQ.gov.uk/hrh-princess-anne-visits-gchq-bude|website=www.GCHQ.gov.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|date=4 April 2016|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072013/https://www.gchq.gov.uk/hrh-princess-anne-visits-gchq-bude|archivedate=18 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.Bude-Today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=103381&headline=First%20royal%20visit%20for%20GCHQ&sectionIs=sports&searchyear=2016|title=First royal visit for GCHQ|date=13 April 2016|work=Bude and Stratton Post|accessdate=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817144529/http://www.bude-today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=103381&headline=First%20royal%20visit%20for%20GCHQ&sectionIs=sports&searchyear=2016|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Recruitment scheme===
In July 2016, GCHQ launched its CyberFirst scheme for students in the 2016/17 academic year, offering bursaries for those studying relevant Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) graduate courses, followed by guaranteed jobs at GCHQ, including at Bude GCHQ.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oh I do like to spy beside the seaside - GCHQ invites bids for learn-on-the-job cash|url=http://www.WestBriton.co.uk/video-oh-i-do-like-to-spy-beside-the-seaside-gchq-invites-bids-for-learn-on-the-job-cash/story-29482578-detail/story.html|website=WestBriton.co.uk|date=6 July 2016|accessdate=27 July 2016}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=Wizzlewick |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Pride GCHQ - rainbow illuminations===
On 17 May 2016, the satellite dishes at GCHQ Bude Station were lit up in a display of rainbow colours.  This was to mark the [[International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia]] (IDAHOBiT).  This display was a public act of unity and recognition of Pride GCHQ, and to assert the continued commitment by GCHQ to diversity and pride in its staff.  It follows a similar rainbow coloured themed display in support of the 2015 IDAHOBiT at the [[The Doughnut|GCHQ Cheltenham]] site a year earlier.<ref name=IDAHOBiT-BudeGCHQ>{{cite press release|title=GCHQ Bude puts the rainbow spotlight on IDAHOBiT Day|url=https://www.GCHQ.gov.uk/press-release/gchq-bude-puts-rainbow-spotlight-idahobit-day|website=www.GCHQ.gov.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|date=17 May 2016|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072001/https://www.gchq.gov.uk/press-release/gchq-bude-puts-rainbow-spotlight-idahobit-day|archivedate=18 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.Bude-Today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=103738&headline=Rainbow%20satellites%20line%20the%20cliff%20tops&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2016|title=Rainbow satellites line the cliff tops|date=24 May 2016|work=Bude and Stratton Post|accessdate=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818010053/http://www.bude-today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=103738&headline=Rainbow%20satellites%20line%20the%20cliff%20tops&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2016|archive-date=18 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Pride2015>{{cite news|title=Our rainbow celebration to mark IDAHOBiT day|url=https://www.GCHQ.gov.uk/news-article/our-rainbow-celebration-mark-idahobit-day|website=www.GCHQ.gov.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|date=17 May 2015|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072044/https://www.gchq.gov.uk/news-article/our-rainbow-celebration-mark-idahobit-day|archivedate=18 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gallery {{!}} IDAHOT Day 2015|url=https://www.GCHQ.gov.uk/idahot-day-2015|website=www.GCHQ.gov.uk|publisher=[[Government Communications Headquarters|GCHQ]]|date=17 May 2015|accessdate=17 October 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072032/https://www.gchq.gov.uk/idahot-day-2015|archivedate=18 October 2017}}</ref>

{{wide image|Cleave Camp Morwenstow, facing east at dawn showing GCHQ Bude dishes December 2013.jpg|650px|Facing east, sunrise at GCHQ Bude|alt=Facing east, sunrise at GCHQ Bude}}

==Related submarine cables==
{{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south of GCHQ Bude, at [[Widemouth Bay]], numerous submarine cables make landfall.  They, followed by the locations to which they link in brackets, include: Apollo (US), TAT-3 (US), [[CANTAT-1]] (Canada), [[TAT-8]] (US and France - last used in 2002), [[TAT-14]] (US and Europe), [[AC-2]] (US), [[Europe India Gateway|EIG]] (Europe and India), and [[GLO-1]] (West Africa). [[Crooklets Beach]] at Bude, {{convert|5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south of GCHQ Bude, is a key submarine cable landing point, in particular carrying financial trading data from New York.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cornwall beach buoys London's financial status|url=http://www.FT.com/cms/s/0/c7b797f2-b3ef-11e2-ace9-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2p501Bv1H|work=[[Financial Times]]|date=6 May 2013|author=Gill Plimmer|author2=Philip Stafford|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808193826/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c7b797f2-b3ef-11e2-ace9-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2p501Bv1H|archivedate=8 August 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|United Kingdom|Cornwall}}

* [[British intelligence agencies]]
;Current stations
*[[Cat Hill, Ascension Island|GCHQ Ascension Island]]
*[[Ayios Nikolaos Station|GCHQ Cyprus]]
*[[GCHQ Scarborough]]
;Former stations
*[[Brora Y Station|GCHQ Brora]]
*[[Woodhead Hall|GCHQ Cheadle]]
*[[RAF Culmhead|GCHQ Culmhead]]
*[[Hawklaw Y Station|GCHQ Hawklaw]]
*[[RAF Little Sai Wan|GCHQ Hong Kong]]
;Related articles
*[[Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander|Hugh Alexander]] — head of GCHQ cryptanalysis division from 1949 to 1971
*[[RAF Digby]]
*[[RAF Intelligence]]
*[[Troodos Station]]
*[[UK Cyber Security Community]]
*[[Zircon (satellite)|Zircon]] — the cancelled GCHQ satellite project
*[[Operation Socialist]]
*[[Joint Operations Cell]]
*[[Mastering the Internet]]

==Bibliography==
*{{cite web|last=Schmid|first=G.|title=Report on the existence of a global system for the interception of private and commercial communications (ECHELON interception system) (2001/2098(INI))|publisher=[[European Parliament]]|work=Session document A5-0264/2001|date=11 July 2001|url=http://www.EuroParl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN&language=EN|accessdate=21 December 2006}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite magazine|magazine=New Scientist|author=Steve Connor|title=How Cheltenham entered America's back yard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jCbW82ABTkC&pg=PA8|date=5 April 1984|publisher=Reed Business Information|page=8}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[https://www.GCHQ.gov.uk/gchq-bude GCHQ Bude] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923235430/https://www.gchq.gov.uk/gchq-bude |date=23 September 2018 }} — official website homepage, at www.GCHQ.gov.uk
*[http://www.AtlantikWall.co.uk/oldsite/atlantikwall/atlantikwall_html/cleave_html/south_of_england.htm RAF Cleave] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711115253/http://www.atlantikwall.co.uk/oldsite/atlantikwall/atlantikwall_html/cleave_html/south_of_england.htm |date=11 July 2017 }} — web page with extensive descriptive photo gallery, including photos of the satellite dishes, at AtlantikWall.co.uk
*[http://Wikimapia.org/4777219/GCHQ-Bude GCHQ Bude on Wikimapia]
*[http://blogs.Channel4.com/tom-clarke-on-science/nsa-spying-bude-gchq-edward-snowden-prism-seaside-rudyard-kipling/598 Channel 4 News: Spying, the seaside, sub-sea cables - and Rudyard Kipling]
*{{YouTube|VnRrhRMAtlA|John Goetz, German TV report at GCHQ Bude 1}}
*{{YouTube|gKImRK_BPAg|John Goetz, German TV report at GCHQ Bude 2}}
*{{YouTube|fTrlAAHM2Hw|ARD Tagesthemen, German TV report on German implications of the Tempora programme, including references to GCHQ Bude}}
*[https://www.NewScientist.com/article/dn23752-submarine-internet-cables-are-a-gift-for-spooks.html#.UrqF9NJdWSq Submarine internet cables are a gift for spooks] —  including references to GCHQ Bude – at NewScientist.com
*[https://www.Independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/unknown-territory-americas-secret-archipelago-of-uk-bases-9084129.html Unknown territory: America's secret archipelago of UK bases] — at Independent.co.uk
*[http://www.DerelictPlaces.co.uk/main/showthread.php?t=8255#.UvB5eH8gGSP Web page showing many photos of the remaining RAF Cleave implacements around the Morwenstow site] — at DerelictPlaces.co.uk
*{{YouTube|K_nnUbX7uuQ|Mark Thomas - the secrets of Cornwall - part 1 - communications}}
*[http://www.CorpWatch.org/article.php?id=15862 Glimmerglass intercepts undersea cable traffic for spy agencies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018071114/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=15862 |date=18 October 2017 }} — at CorpWatch.org
*[https://www.secret-bases.co.uk/GCHQ-Bude.htm GCHQ Bude exclusive hi-res aerial photo on UK Secret Bases website]

* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3ct03ls From Bude to Berlin, The Secret History of GCHQ] BBC documentary
{{UK Intelligence Agencies}}
{{Signals intelligence agencies}}
{{Cornwall}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:British intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Computer security organizations]]
[[Category:Cryptography organizations]]
[[Category:Earth stations in England]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:GCHQ]]
[[Category:GCHQ buildings and structures|Bude]]
[[Category:Military of the United Kingdom in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Signals intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Transatlantic telecommunications]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Morwenstow]]