View source for GBR code

{{short description|System for representing classes of chess positions}}
{{Chess diagram
| tright
| Leonid Kubbel, <br />First Prize, ''Shakhmaty'' 1925
|  |  |  |  |  |  |nd|  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |pd|  |  |  |  |pl
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|rd|  |pd|  |  |  |kl|  
|bl|  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |bl|  |kd|  
| '''White to play and draw''' <br>GBR code of this study: <nowiki>=</nowiki>0323.12g3g1
}}

The '''GBR code''' (or '''Guy–Blandford–Roycroft code''') is a system of representing the position of [[chess pieces]] on a [[chessboard]]. Publications such as ''[[EG (chess)|EG]]'' use it to classify [[Chess endgame|endgame]] types and to index [[endgame studies]].

The code is named after [[Richard K. Guy|Richard Guy]], [[Hugh Blandford]] and [[John Roycroft]]. The first two devised the original system (the ''Guy–Blandford code'') using different figures to represent the number of pieces.  Roycroft suggested to count one for a white piece and three for a black piece in order to make the code easier to memorise.
{{algebraic notation|pos=toc}}

==Definition==
In the GBR code, every chess position is represented by six digits, in the following format:
:'''abcd.ef'''
* a = [[queen (chess)|queens]]
* b = [[rook (chess)|rooks]]
* c = [[bishop (chess)|bishops]]
* d = [[knight (chess)|knights]]
* e = white [[pawn (chess)|pawns]]
* f = black pawns

For the first four digits, each of the first two white pieces counts as 1, and each of the first two black pieces counts as 3. Thus, for example, if White has two knights and Black has one knight, numeral ''d'' = 1 + 1 + 3 = 5. If that is all the {{chessgloss|material}} other than the kings, the position is classified 0005.  Values 0 through 8 represent all normal permutations of force. 9 is used if either side has three or more pieces of the same non-pawn type; these positions are possible in standard chess due to [[promotion (chess)|pawn promotion]].

The last two digits of the code represent the number of white and black pawns, respectively.

==Usage==
GBR code can be used to refer to a general class of material.  For example, the endgame of two knights against pawn (as famously analysed by [[A.A. Troitsky]], leading to his discovery of the [[Two knights endgame#Troitsky line|Troitsky line]]), is '''GBR class 0002.01'''.

When indexing or referring to specific positions, rather than generalised material imbalances, the code may be extended in various ways. Two common ones are to prefix "+" to indicate the stipulation "White to play and win" or "=" for "White to play and draw"; and to suffix the position of the white and black kings. With these additions, the position to the right, a draw study by [[Leonid Kubbel]] (First Prize, ''[[Shakhmaty v SSSR|Shakhmaty]]'', 1925), is classified as '''=0323.12g3g1'''.  (The solution is: 1.Bf2+ Kh1 2.h7 c2+ 3.Be3 Rxe3+ 4.Kf2 Rh3 5.Bd5+ cxd5 6.hxg8=Q Rh2+ 7.Kf3 c1=Q 8.Qg2+ Rxg2.)  The positions of other pieces can also be added; this produces a notation that provides the same information as [[Forsyth–Edwards Notation]].

==Examples==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! White material
! Black material
! GBR class
|-
| KQ
| K
| 1000
|-
| KR
| K
| 0100
|-
| KB
| K
| 0010
|-
| KN
| K
| 0001
|-
| KNN
| K
| 0002
|-
| K
| KN
| 0003
|-
| KN
| KN
| 0004
|-
| KNN
| KN
| 0005
|-
| K
| KNN
| 0006
|-
| KN
| KNN
| 0007
|-
| KNN
| KNN
| 0008
|-
| KNNN
| KNN
| 0009
|-
| KPPP
| KPP
| 0000.32
|-
| KNN
| KP
| 0002.01
|-
| KBB
| KN
| 0023
|-
| KQ
| KR
| 1300
|-
| KQP
| KQ
| 4000.10
|-
| KRP
| KR
| 0400.10
|-
| KRRP
| KRR
| 0800.10
|-
| KBBP
| KNN
| 0026.10
|-
| KBBP
| KRNPP
| 0323.12
|}

==References==
* {{citation
 |last=Hooper |first=David |authorlink=David Vincent Hooper
 |last2=Whyld |first2=Kenneth |authorlink2=Kenneth Whyld
 |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Chess]]
 |year=1992 
 |edition=2nd
 |contribution=GBR code
 |publisher=Oxford University Press
 |isbn=0-19-280049-3 }}
* {{citation
 |last= Roycroft |first=A. J. |authorlink=John Roycroft
 |title=Test Tube Chess
 |publisher=Stackpole
 |year=1972
 |page=353
 |isbn=0-8117-1734-8}}

[[Category:Chess notation]]
[[Category:Chess endgames]]