View source for Fulton Center

{{short description|Transit center and mall in Manhattan, New York}}
{{about|the transit center|the station complex|Fulton Street (New York City Subway)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox NYCS
| name = Fulton Center
| type = center
| accessible = yes
| image = Fulton Center - Full (48126530611).jpg
| image_caption = Fulton Center as seen from the northwest
| service = Fulton Street Transit Center lines
| service_type = bullets
| service_header = Fulton Street Transit Center
| open_date = {{start date and age|2014|11|10}}
| coordinates = {{coord|40|42|38|N|74|0|32|W|display=inline,title}}
| borough = [[Manhattan]]
| hide_traffic = yes
| legend = {{NYCS infobox legend|allexceptnights}}{{NYCS infobox legend|alltimes}}{{NYCS infobox legend|nightsonly}}{{NYCS infobox legend|rushpeak}}
}}
{{Infobox shopping mall
| name = Fulton Center Mall
| image = 
| image_width = 
| caption = 
| location = [[New York City]]
| coordinates = 
| address = 200 Broadway
| opening_date = November 10, 2014
| closing_date = 
| developer = 
| manager = 
| owner = 
| architect = Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners, James Carpenter Design Associates<ref name=Grim>{{cite web |url=https://grimshaw.global/projects/rail-and-mass-transit/fulton-center/ |title=Fulton Center |publisher=Grimshaw |access-date=2025-02-12 }}</ref>
| number_of_stores = 15+
| number_of_anchors = 
| floor_area = {{convert|41000|sqft|m2}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nypost.com/2015/02/02/fulton-st-folly-mta-wasted-1-4-billion/ |title=Fulton St. folly: MTA wasted $1.4 billion |publisher=New York Post |access-date=2025-02-16 }}</ref>
| parking = 
| publictransit = 
| floors = 4
| website = {{url|https://www.westfield.com/united-states/westfieldworldtradecenter/fulton-center-hours/}}
}}

'''Fulton Center''' is a subway and retail complex centered at the intersection of [[Fulton Street (Manhattan)|Fulton Street]] and [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] in [[Lower Manhattan]], [[New York City]]. The complex was built as part of a $1.4 billion project by the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] (MTA), a public agency of the state of [[New York (state)|New York]], to rehabilitate the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[Fulton Street station (New York City Subway)|Fulton Street station]]. The work involved constructing new underground passageways and access points into the complex, renovating the constituent stations, and erecting a large station building that doubles as a part of the [[Westfield World Trade Center]] mall.

The project, first announced in 2002, was intended to improve access to and connections among the New York City Subway services stopping at the Fulton Street station. Funding for the construction project, which began in 2005, dried up for several years, with no final approved plan and no schedule for completion. Plans for the transit center were revived by the [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009]]. The project used to be referred to as the '''Fulton Street Transit Center''', but was re-branded the Fulton Center in May 2012 because of a heightened emphasis on retail. The complex officially opened on November 10, 2014, along with the adjacent [[Dey Street Passageway]].

Through the Dey Street Passageway, the complex connects to the [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]]'s [[World Trade Center station (PATH)|World Trade Center station]], as well as to the [[Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place/Cortlandt Street (New York City Subway)|Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place/Cortlandt Street]] ({{NYCS Chambers Cortlandt}}) and [[WTC Cortlandt (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|WTC Cortlandt]] ({{NYCS Broadway-Seventh South Ferry}}) subway stations. The [[World Trade Center (2001–present)|World Trade Center]], including the remainder of the Westfield World Trade Center mall, is also accessible via the passageway.

==Components==
[[File:Fulton Center mezzanine 2014.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The Fulton Center mezzanine in the Fulton Building, pictured on opening day, November 10, 2014]]
The Fulton Center features a high-visibility Transit Center with entrances on Broadway between Fulton Street and John Street, and it connects the {{NYCS trains|Fulton Street Transit Center|type=service}} via the underground [[Dey Street Passageway]] running east–west under Dey Street. [[Arup Group Limited|Ove Arup and Partners]] served as the prime consultant of the entire project.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |title=The Station Master; An Architect's Grand Vision for a Trade Center Transit Hub |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=October 22, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/22/nyregion/the-station-master-an-architect-s-grand-vision-for-a-trade-center-transit-hub.html |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=March 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044747/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/22/nyregion/the-station-master-an-architect-s-grand-vision-for-a-trade-center-transit-hub.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Fulton Center cost US$1.4 billion,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/146807/fulton-street-transit-center-s--1-4b-renovations-aim-to-revitalize-downtown-manhattan |title=Fulton Street Transit Center's $1.4B Renovations Aim To Revitalize Downtown Manhattan |work=[[NY1]] |first=Tina |last=Redwine |date=September 9, 2011 |access-date=September 9, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216141848/http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/146807/fulton-street-transit-center-s--1-4b-renovations-aim-to-revitalize-downtown-manhattan |archive-date=February 16, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/after-an-earlier-delay-the-fulton-street-transit-center-finally-rises/ |title=After an Earlier Delay, the Fulton Street Transit Center Finally Rises |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=David W. |last=Dunlap |date=December 23, 2011 |access-date=December 24, 2011 |archive-date=January 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107021834/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/after-an-earlier-delay-the-fulton-street-transit-center-finally-rises/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/153767/ny1-exclusive--fulton-street-transit-center-on-track-to-open-in-2014 |title=NY1 Exclusive: Fulton Street Transit Center On Track To Open In 2014 |work=[[NY1]] |first=Tina |last=Redwine |date=January 6, 2012 |access-date=January 8, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110003431/http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/153767/ny1-exclusive--fulton-street-transit-center-on-track-to-open-in-2014 |archive-date=January 10, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> almost twice the original budget of $750 million.<ref name="fultonstopens">{{cite news |last=Yee |first=Vivian |date=November 9, 2014 |title=Out of Dust and Debris, a New Jewel Rises |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/10/nyregion/fulton-center-a-subway-complex-reopens-in-lower-manhattan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028212705/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/global-2c70a72e6a867f256c6ccdf508c13728.css |archive-date=October 28, 2021 |access-date=February 8, 2017 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The major elements of the Fulton Center project included the renovations of the [[Fulton Street (New York City Subway)|Fulton Street]] stations along the [[IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line]] and the [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]]. During the latter's renovation, new entrances were opened at the corner of Broadway and Maiden Lane for the northbound platform, and at Cortlandt Street and Broadway for the southbound platform.<ref name=capconstr>{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/capconstr/fstc/construction.html |title=Construction Update &#124; Construction Schedule |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213831/http://web.mta.info/capconstr/fstc/construction.html |archive-date=April 8, 2014}}</ref> The mezzanine serving the [[Fulton Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Fulton Street]] station on the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]], which previously consisted of several ramps on either side of Nassau Street, was straightened.<ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|11}}<ref name=capconstr/> During these renovations, the entire complex was made [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|ADA-accessible]]. Ten escalators and fifteen elevators were installed, as well as two ADA accessible public restrooms on the concourse and the street levels.<ref name="mta 20141110">{{cite web |url=http://www.mta.info/news-fulton-center/2014/11/10/welcome-new-fulton-center |title=MTA – news – Welcome to the New Fulton Center |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |access-date=January 3, 2015 |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128190119/https://www.mta.info/news-fulton-center/2014/11/10/welcome-new-fulton-center |url-status=live }}</ref>

A new station building, the Fulton Building, was constructed along the east side of Broadway between Fulton and John Streets. The new station required the demolition of the Girard Building and the former [[Childs Restaurant]] Building, and incorporates the landmark [[Corbin Building]] at the corner of Broadway and John Street. It was nearly canceled at one point, but was saved through funds from the [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009]].<ref name=NYT-Planning-Stimulus-2009/> This portion of the project was part of a master lease to lease over 60,000 square feet of space.<ref name=capconstr/>

In addition to work on the four linked Fulton Street stations, the Dey Street Passageway, located outside the subway system's [[fare control|paid area]],<ref name="EIS3">{{cite book |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/feis/chapters/ch03.pdf |title=Fulton Street Transit Center, Final Environmental Impact Statement and Section 4(f) Evaluation |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] |pages=3–21 |chapter=Chapter 3: Alternatives |access-date=January 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121020654/http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/feis/chapters/ch03.pdf |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> was built under Dey Street. It connected the Fulton Street station complex to the [[Cortlandt Street (BMT Broadway Line)|Cortlandt–Church Streets]] station, serving the {{NYCS trains|Broadway south}}.<ref name="fultonstopens" /><ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|5}}<ref name=capconstr/> A new entrance building was constructed on the southwest corner of Broadway and Dey Street, providing direct access to the Dey Street passageway.<ref name=capconstr/><ref name=MTA-DeyStHeadhouse-Oct2012/> 
<!--
===Station layout===
{{NYCS Complex Layout Fulton Center}}

Not depicted in this diagram are connections to the [[World Trade Center (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|World Trade Center]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Eighth far south|time=nolink}}, the [[WTC Cortlandt (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|WTC Cortlandt]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh South Ferry|time=nolink}}, and the [[World Trade Center (PATH station)|World Trade Center Transportation Hub]] and PATH service.<ref name="fultonstopens"/>
-->
=== Constituent stations ===
{{Lower Manhattan transit|float=center}}
The Fulton Center project initially included upgrades to five subway stations:
* [[Fulton Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|Fulton Street]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh Brooklyn}} on the [[IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line]]<ref name="fultonalt">{{cite web |title=Fulton Center |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/fulton_alt.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219182914/http://web.mta.info/capital/fulton_alt.html |archive-date=February 19, 2014 |access-date=September 21, 2013 |work=MTA Capital Programs website |publisher=MTA}}</ref>
* [[Fulton Street (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|Fulton Street]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Lexington Brooklyn}} on the [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]]<ref name="fultonalt" />
* [[Fulton Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Fulton Street]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Eighth Cranberry}} on the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]]<ref name="fultonalt" />
* [[Fulton Street (BMT Nassau Street Line)|Fulton Street]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Nassau south}} on the [[BMT Nassau Street Line]]<ref name="fultonalt" />
* [[Cortlandt Street (BMT Broadway Line)|Cortlandt Street]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Broadway south}} on the [[BMT Broadway Line]]<ref name="fultonalt" />

The [[World Trade Center (PATH station)|World Trade Center PATH station]], as well as the New York City Subway [[WTC Cortlandt (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|WTC Cortlandt]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh South Ferry}} on the [[IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line]], are connected to the complex via the [[World Trade Center Transportation Hub]].<ref name="NYTimes-CortlandtReopens-2018">{{cite web |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |date=September 8, 2018 |title=Cortlandt Street Station, Damaged on Sept. 11, Reopens 17 Years Later |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/nyregion/cortlandt-street-subway-station-911.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908115446/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/nyregion/cortlandt-street-subway-station-911.html |archive-date=September 8, 2018 |access-date=September 8, 2018 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="fultonalt" />
[[File:Dey street passageway sign.jpg|thumb|Signs in the Fulton Center (like this one) only show the E, R and W train symbols when pointing toward the Chambers Street/World Trade Center station, as the A, C, 2 and 3 trains serve both station complexes.]]
Despite the presence of a [[Dey Street Passageway|passageway]] linking the Fulton Street complex and the [[Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place/Cortlandt Street station|Chambers Street/Park Place/Cortlandt Street station]], there is no free connection between the two stations. There are still paid transfers to the Fulton Street complex and the two Cortlandt Street stations. From the Fulton Street complex, signs within the passageway indicate the presence of the {{NYCS Eighth far south local}}, {{NYCS trains|Broadway south header|complex=end}} (the other services in the Chambers/Park/Cortlandt complex, the {{NYCS Eighth far south express|time=nolink|complex=y}}, {{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh Brooklyn|time=nolink|complex=end}}, are already accessible through the Fulton Street station).<ref name="fultonstopens" /> The connection is still possible via an out-of-system transfer through the WTC Transportation Hub. According to the MTA's Final Environmental Impact Statement, the Dey Street Passageway is intended to provide a seamless connection from the Fulton Center to the WTC Transportation Hub and [[Brookfield Place (New York City)|Brookfield Place]] (formerly the World Financial Center) without the need to cross Church Street and Broadway, both of which are busy traffic arteries in Lower Manhattan. By keeping it outside of the paid area, it would maximize pedestrian flow.<ref name="EIS3" />

==Context==
[[File:WTC Hub September 2016 vc.png|thumb|left|upright=1.3|alt=The World Trade Center Transportation Hub, one block west of Fulton Center|The [[World Trade Center Transportation Hub]], planned for Lower Manhattan in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, was originally planned to connect with the Fulton Street Transit Center.]]

=== Need and funding ===
After several pieces of transit infrastructure in Lower Manhattan were destroyed or severely damaged during the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001, attacks]], officials proposed a $7 billion redesign of transit in the neighborhood. This included the Fulton Street Transit Center, the [[South Ferry/Whitehall Street (New York City Subway)|South Ferry/Whitehall Street]] terminal further downtown, and the reconstruction of the [[West Side Highway]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSY3AQAAMAAJ&pg=SL19-PA5 |title=Permanent WTC PATH Terminal: Environmental Impact Statement |last=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] |date=2007 |publisher=[[United States Department of Transportation]]; [[Federal Transit Administration]] |language=en |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=October 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007234044/https://books.google.com/books?id=RSY3AQAAMAAJ&pg=SL19-PA5 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Rp|S.5}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/20/nyregion/7.3-billion-vision-to-rebuild-transit-near-ground-zero.html |title=$7.3 Billion Vision To Rebuild Transit Near Ground Zero |last1=Wyatt |first1=Edward |date=April 20, 2002 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 3, 2018 |last2=Kennedy |first2=Randy |archive-date=February 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204124039/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/20/nyregion/7.3-billion-vision-to-rebuild-transit-near-ground-zero.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The most important of these projects was the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]'s proposed [[World Trade Center station (PATH)|terminal]] for [[PATH (rail system)|PATH trains]] at the World Trade Center site, which was destroyed when the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|World Trade Center collapsed]]. A preliminary plan for the new terminal included situating it under [[Church Street (Manhattan)|Church Street]], near the site of the former [[Hudson Terminal]] and close to the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] (MTA)'s [[Fulton Street (New York City Subway)|Broadway–Nassau/Fulton Street]] station. The new terminal would also contain direct connections to the subway; previously, World Trade Center had been served by three different subway stations at [[Cortlandt Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|Cortlandt and Greenwich Streets]], at [[Cortlandt Street (BMT Broadway Line)|Cortlandt and Church Streets]], and at [[Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place (New York City Subway)|Church Street between Chambers and Vesey Streets]]. Plans for an integrated transit hub in Lower Manhattan were announced in January 2002.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="p305672193">{{cite news |last1=Donohue |first1=Pete |last2=Gittrich |first2=Greg |date=8 Jan 2002 |title=Big transit ideas downtown PATH, subway links, store concourse eyed |page=7 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305672193}}}}</ref> As part of this initiative, money was also to be allocated to study the feasibility of commuter rail service to Lower Manhattan.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Randy |title=Transit Plan Would Connect Dots Downtown |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=January 23, 2002 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/23/nyregion/transit-plan-would-connect-dots-downtown.html |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226151933/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/23/nyregion/transit-plan-would-connect-dots-downtown.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This would later become the canceled [[Lower Manhattan–Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/nyregion/06spitzer.html |title=Spitzer Is Cool to Pataki's Plan for a Rail Link to Kennedy |last=McGeehan |first=Patrick |date=May 6, 2006 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=September 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084907/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/nyregion/06spitzer.html |url-status=live }}</ref> which would have created a railway line between Lower Manhattan and [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] via the [[Long Island Rail Road]] and [[AirTrain JFK]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/06/nyregion/pataki-backs-new-tunnel-under-the-east-river.html |title=Pataki Backs New Tunnel Under the East River |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=May 6, 2004 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226092139/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/06/nyregion/pataki-backs-new-tunnel-under-the-east-river.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As part of the rebuilding process, the Port Authority considered putting the PATH terminal at Broadway and Fulton Street.<ref name=":9" />{{Rp|S.8}} By April 2002, New York state and city officials notified members of the [[United States Congress]] that the project could cost as much as $7.3 billion; at the time, president [[George W. Bush]] had pledged only $1.8 billion for transit improvements in Lower Manhattan.<ref name="nyt-2002-04-20">{{Cite news |last1=Wyatt |first1=Edward |last2=Kennedy |first2=Randy |date=2002-04-20 |title=$7.3 Billion Vision To Rebuild Transit Near Ground Zero |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/20/nyregion/7.3-billion-vision-to-rebuild-transit-near-ground-zero.html |access-date=2023-05-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The Port Authority ultimately decided to put the PATH terminal near Greenwich Street, two blocks west.<ref name=":9" />{{Rp|S.8}} The MTA's project to connect the different subway stations at Broadway–Nassau/Fulton Street was approved, despite the fact that the PATH and MTA projects were separate.<ref name="Dailey 2014">{{cite web |last=Dailey |first=Jessica |title='Magical' $1.4B Fulton Center Finally Opens After 12 Years |website=Curbed NY |date=November 10, 2014 |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2014/11/10/10025270/magical-1-4b-fulton-center-finally-opens-after-12-years |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226092120/https://ny.curbed.com/2014/11/10/10025270/magical-1-4b-fulton-center-finally-opens-after-12-years |url-status=live }}</ref> These stations would instead be connected by a series of underground passageways, which would stretch from the [[Brookfield Place (New York City)|World Financial Center]] in the west to the Fulton Street Transit Center in the east, spanning over half of Manhattan's width at this point.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/04/nyregion/blocks-to-help-cross-the-lower-manhattan-maze-a-new-twist.html |title=BLOCKS; To Help Cross the Lower Manhattan Maze, a New Twist |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=March 4, 2004 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152010/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/04/nyregion/blocks-to-help-cross-the-lower-manhattan-maze-a-new-twist.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Fulton Street Transit Center would also contain a large retail building at Broadway and Fulton Street, serving as the main entrance to that complex.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/29/nyregion/mta-scales-back-lower-manhattan-transit-complex-citing-cost.html |title=M.T.A. Scales Back Lower Manhattan Transit Complex, Citing Cost |last=Chan |first=Sewell |date=June 29, 2005 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211606/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/29/nyregion/mta-scales-back-lower-manhattan-transit-complex-citing-cost.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Fulton Street project would include new passageways, entrances, and elevators to provide transfers between the area's subway stations and increase the capacity of the existing station complex at Broadway–Nassau/Fulton Streets.<ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|14–15}}

In February 2003, New York Governor [[George Pataki]] announced a $5 billion plan for rebuilt transit infrastructure at South Ferry, Fulton Street, and the World Trade Center.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wyatt |first1=Edward |last2=Kennedy |first2=Randy |title=PATAKI PRESENTS TRANSIT HUB PLAN |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=February 8, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/08/nyregion/pataki-presents-transit-hub-plan.html |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211602/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/08/nyregion/pataki-presents-transit-hub-plan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By April 2003, the MTA had released preliminary plans for a $750 million transit hub at Fulton Street, connecting six subway stations.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |last=Collins |first=Glenn |title=A Distant Urban Past Is Just a Local Stop; Rails and History Meet at Fulton St. |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=April 28, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/28/nyregion/a-distant-urban-past-is-just-a-local-stop-rails-and-history-meet-at-fulton-st.html |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152009/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/28/nyregion/a-distant-urban-past-is-just-a-local-stop-rails-and-history-meet-at-fulton-st.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time, the Fulton Street station was extremely hard to navigate, as the four stations in the complex had been built by different companies at different times.<ref name=":7" /><ref name="p219204996">{{cite magazine |last=Haughney |first=Christine |date=24 Nov 2003 |title=Five on track for Fulton St. project |magazine=Crain's New York Business |volume=19 |issue=47 |page=4 |id={{ProQuest|219204996}}}}</ref> The MTA initially contemplated razing the [[Corbin Building]] on John Street to make way for the transit center's main building,<ref name=":7" /> but the agency had agreed to preserve the building by that October.<ref name="nyt-2003-10-03">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=2003-10-03 |title=M.T.A. to Include 19th Century Building in Downtown Transit Hub |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/03/nyregion/mta-to-include-19th-century-building-in-downtown-transit-hub.html |access-date=2023-05-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In December 2003, the [[Federal Transit Administration]] allocated a combined $2.85 billion to the three Lower Manhattan transit projects. The PATH station received $1.7 billion in aid, while the Fulton Street Transit Center received $750 million and the South Ferry Terminal received $400 million.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |title=$2.85 Billion for 3 Transit Sites, With Strings |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=December 4, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/04/nyregion/2.85-billion-for-3-transit-sites-with-strings.html |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226151959/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/04/nyregion/2.85-billion-for-3-transit-sites-with-strings.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Planning and cutbacks ===
Compared with other subway stations' renovations, the Fulton Street Transit Center's funding was secure because the project was financed using money from the [[Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center|September 11 recovery]] fund.<ref name=NYTimes=SubwayRetailing-2005>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/realestate/the-underground-economy-subway-retailing.html |title=The Underground Economy: Subway Retailing |last=Chamberlain |first=Lisa |date=May 22, 2005 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152026/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/realestate/the-underground-economy-subway-retailing.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After funding for the transit center had been secured, the project's [[Environmental impact assessment|environmental impact statement]] was released in 2004.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qyE3AQAAMAAJ |title=Fulton Street Transit Center, New York, New York, Section 4(f) Evaluation: Environmental Impact Statement |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] |year=2004 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref name="p235694938">{{Cite magazine |date=7 Jun 2004 |title=New York City Unveils Design For New Subway Station; |magazine=[[Engineering News-Record]] |volume=252 |issue=23 |page=7 |id={{ProQuest|235694938}}}}</ref> That year, a group of architecture firms, including [[Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners]] and [[Lee Harris Pomeroy|Lee Harris Pomeroy Associates]], were hired to design the Fulton Street Transit Center.<ref name="nyt-2004-04-05">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=2004-04-05 |title=Artist of Glass and Light to Join Fulton Street Project |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/05/arts/artist-of-glass-and-light-to-join-fulton-street-project.html |access-date=2023-05-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The project was still undergoing revisions as of mid-2005, and was to be completed by October 2005.<ref name=":3" /> Construction was set to begin later that year.<ref name=NYTimes=SubwayRetailing-2005/>

Funding problems began in June 2005, when the original plans were cut back. The projected cost of the Fulton Street Transit Center had grown by $75 million, to $825 million. The design had been delayed to May 2006, and the proposed completion date was now December 2008.<ref name=":3" /> In March 2006, the land under the Corbin Building was taken for the proposed transit center by [[eminent domain]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/29/realestate/pressing-a-claim-for-dutch-history.html |title=Pressing a Claim for Dutch History |last=Chamberlain |first=Lisa |date=March 29, 2006 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152002/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/29/realestate/pressing-a-claim-for-dutch-history.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A block to the north, the MTA began the process of evicting and relocating 148 store owners near the site of the transit center's main building.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/02/nyregion/02fulton.html |title=Shops Near Planned Transit Hub Face Eviction |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=June 2, 2006 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231155404/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/02/nyregion/02fulton.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_127/shopsmoving.html |title=Shops moving to make room for train project |last=Kaysen |first=Ronda |date=October 20, 2005 |website=DOWNTOWN EXPRESS &#124; The Newspaper of Lower Manhattan |access-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-date=January 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110204712/http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_127/shopsmoving.html |url-status=live }}</ref>  The budget of real-estate acquisition also rose from $50 million to $157 million.<ref name=":4" /> This cost increase was a key factor in the ballooning costs of the transit center over the next several years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archpaper.com/2008/02/folly-at-fulton-st/ |date=February 20, 2008 |first=Matt |last=Chaban |title=Folly at Fulton St.; MTA back to drawing board for downtown transit hub |publisher=Archpaper.com |access-date=January 3, 2015 |archive-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223750/https://archpaper.com/2008/02/folly-at-fulton-st/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

By May 2006, the budget was nearing $850 million, and the planned completion date was delayed to June 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/23/nyregion/23station.html |title=Over Budget, Fulton Street Transit Hub Faces a Redesign |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=May 23, 2006 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231211905/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/23/nyregion/23station.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the $45 million budget overrun, the MTA denied that the Fulton Center plan would be curtailed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/27/nyregion/27mbrfs-002.html |title=Fulton Street Transit Center Plan Stands |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=June 27, 2006 |access-date=January 3, 2015 |archive-date=November 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105005957/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/27/nyregion/27mbrfs-002.html |url-status=live }}</ref>  In November 2006, the MTA announced the creation of a free transfer between the Cortlandt–Church Streets and World Trade Center stations, which would cost $15 million more.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/28/nyregion/28fulton.html |title=Majesty vs. Practicality in Planning Downtown Subway Station |last=Neuman |first=William |date=November 28, 2006 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152021/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/28/nyregion/28fulton.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By February 2007, the projected cost had risen to $888 million, and the MTA pledged to pay for the $41 million gap with its own money. The completion date was now projected as October 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/08/nyregion/08fulton.html |title=Planners Clash Over Transit Hub, and Riders Win |last1=Neuman |first1=William |date=January 8, 2007 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 25, 2018 |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152016/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/08/nyregion/08fulton.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Fulton-street-transit-center-2010-03-24-2.JPG|thumb|Construction site of the Fulton Center Main Building, seen in March 2010]]

Meanwhile, the costs of other [[MTA Capital Construction]] projects were rising as well. The issue peaked in January 2008, when the MTA announced that three other capital projects (the [[7 Subway Extension]], the [[Second Avenue Subway]], and [[East Side Access]]) were facing a combined cost overrun of $1 billion.<ref name=":4" /> To remedy the overrun, plans for the Fulton Center's main building had to be downsized: instead of being a {{Convert|114|ft|m|-high|adj=mid}} structure with a large dome, the headhouse would now be a simple stainless-steel building with a smaller dome.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/10/arts/design/10cent.html |title=Proposal Would Relocate Ground Zero Arts Center to Transit Hub |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=April 10, 2008 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226151940/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/10/arts/design/10cent.html |url-status=live }}</ref>  The project, excluding the main building, was now expected to cost $903 million. The main building would cost another $250 million, if built. The cost overruns were attributed to the fact that the MTA had received a single, $870 million bid for one phase of construction, more than twice the $408 million the MTA had originally set aside for that phase. The date of completion was now set for 2010, and the MTA had ordered a 30-day review of the Fulton Center plan.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Fulton transit-hub plan collapses, MTA's $900M boondoggle |last=Gallahue |first=Patrick |publisher=[[New York Post]] |page=3 |date=January 29, 2008 |access-date=January 29, 2008 |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/01292008/news/regionalnews/mtas_900m_boondoggle_681543.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130125327/http://www.nypost.com/seven/01292008/news/regionalnews/mtas_900m_boondoggle_681543.htm |archive-date=January 30, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nysun.com/new-york/mta-fulton-center-cost-has-risen-to-115b/70320/ |title=MTA: Fulton Center Cost Has Risen to $1.15B |last=Irmas |first=Jared |date=January 29, 2008 |website=The New York Sun |access-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226092136/https://www.nysun.com/new-york/mta-fulton-center-cost-has-risen-to-115b/70320/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Around the same time, the neighboring World Trade Center Hub's costs also rose from $2.2 billion to $3.4 billion.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/29/nyregion/29fulton.html |title=Higher Costs May Curtail M.T.A. Work |last=Neuman |first=William |date=January 29, 2008 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152024/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/29/nyregion/29fulton.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The funding reductions also resulted in several design cutbacks. The free transfer from the Cortlandt–Church Streets and World Trade Center stations was dropped from the plans, but was later restored using MTA funds<ref name="fultonstopens" /> before being dropped and restored again.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=T6041409 Reserve: Church Street Corridor Improvements Passenger Stations |url=http://web.mta.info/capitaldashboard/allframenew_head.html?PROJNUM=t6041409&PLTYPE=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903210343/http://web.mta.info/capitaldashboard/allframenew_head.html?PROJNUM=t6041409&PLTYPE=1 |archive-date=September 3, 2017 |access-date=September 3, 2017 |website=web.mta.info |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref> The passageway underneath Dey Street was narrowed from {{Convert|40|to|29|ft|0}}.<ref name="fultonstopens" /> The MTA deleted the main building from the plan to reduce costs.<ref name=":6" /> In March 2008, the MTA announced that it would spend $295 million on an as-yet-undetermined structure at the location of the main building. One proposal included constructing the main building with a performing arts center, rather than a dome, on top.<ref name=":5" /> By this time, the MTA lacked several billion dollars in funding for its 2010–2014 capital spending plan.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_253/somesortofbuilding.html |title=Some sort of building will rise at Fulton, M.T.A. says |last=Shapiro |first=Julie |date=March 13, 2008 |website=DOWNTOWN EXPRESS &#124; The Newspaper of Lower Manhattan |access-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-date=January 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108031709/http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_253/somesortofbuilding.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The MTA did not rule out the possibility of converting almost the entire plot into a public [[plaza]] and constructing a simple subway entrance from the plaza.<ref name=":6"/> ''[[New York Post]]'' columnist Steve Cuozzo called the project "The Folly on Fulton Street", a word play on "Fulton's Folly", which was used to describe Robert Fulton's steamboat 200 years before.<ref>* {{cite news |title=The MTA's Latest Disaster |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/02282008/postopinion/opedcolumnists/the_mtas_latest_disaster_99660.htm |publisher=New York Post |last=Cuzzo |first=Steve |date=February 28, 2008 |access-date=July 16, 2008 |archive-date=October 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015030056/http://www.nypost.com/seven/02282008/postopinion/opedcolumnists/the_mtas_latest_disaster_99660.htm |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/03052008/postopinion/editorials/subway_pie_in_the_sky_100543.htm |publisher=New York Post |last=Cuzzo |first=Steve |title=Subway Pie in the Sky |date=March 5, 2008 |access-date=July 16, 2008 |archive-date=May 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509042336/http://www.nypost.com/seven/03052008/postopinion/editorials/subway_pie_in_the_sky_100543.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2008, [[Christopher O. Ward|Chris Ward]], executive director of the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], prepared a report for New York Governor [[David Paterson]] regarding the Fulton Street and World Trade Center projects' cost overruns.<ref name="Ward">{{cite web |title=Report of the Directors of the Port Authority |url=http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/nyregion/city_room/20080630_WTCAssessmentBookFF.pdf?scp=2&sq=fulton%20transit&st=cse |publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |date=June 30, 2008 |last=Ward |first=Chris |access-date=July 16, 2008 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606050324/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/nyregion/city_room/20080630_WTCAssessmentBookFF.pdf?scp=2&sq=fulton%20transit&st=cse |url-status=live }}</ref>

Despite the Fulton Street Transit Center's financing deficit, the [[Federal Transit Administration]] refused to fund the cost overruns associated with the Fulton Center.<ref>{{cite news |last=Donohue |first=Pete |date=July 16, 2008 |work=New York Daily News |title=Feds to MTA on more hub cash: No way |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2008/07/16/2008-07-16_feds_to_mta_on_more_hub_cash_no_way-2.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130208151244/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/feds-mta-hub-cash-article-1.353010 |archive-date=February 8, 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=October 1, 2016 |df=mdy}}</ref> However, the MTA used [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009|2009 federal stimulus money]] to help fund the project.<ref name=NYT-Planning-Stimulus-2009/><ref name="open one">{{cite web |title=Fulton Center |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/fulton_alt.html |publisher=MTA |access-date=February 23, 2014 |archive-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219182914/http://web.mta.info/capital/fulton_alt.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="open two">{{cite web |url=http://therealdeal.com/blog/2014/03/25/mta-fulton-street-transit-center-to-open-june-26/ |title=Fulton Street Transit Center &#124; No. 7 Subway Extension |publisher=Therealdeal.com |date=March 25, 2014 |access-date=May 1, 2014 |archive-date=April 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429005256/http://therealdeal.com/blog/2014/03/25/mta-fulton-street-transit-center-to-open-june-26/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2009, the MTA received $497 million in additional stimulus money, bringing the total cost of the Fulton Street Transit Center to $1.4 billion.<ref name=NYT-Planning-Stimulus-2009>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/30/nyregion/30fulton.html |title=M.T.A. Planning to Spend Stimulus on Fulton St. Hub |last=Neuman |first=William |date=2009 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152024/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/30/nyregion/30fulton.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=lowermanhattan17608 /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/capconstr/fstc/documents/FSTC_CB%201%20Update_060809.pdf |title=Back on Track: Fulton Transit Center |publisher=MTA |date=June 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213505/http://web.mta.info/capconstr/fstc/documents/FSTC_CB%201%20Update_060809.pdf |archive-date=April 8, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> As part of an exhibit on the city's major public construction projects, the MTA described the status above ground: "Final details are being worked out for the above ground building. The 115-year-old [[Corbin Building]], at the corner of [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] and John Street, will be restored and incorporated into the transit center entrance design. The transit center will be a focal point with a vibrant design and a visible portal to downtown and the transit system below".<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Transit Museum |title=The Future Beneath Us: Fulton Street Transit Center |url=http://www.transitmuseumeducation.org/fbu/projects/fulton |year=2009 |access-date=September 21, 2009 |archive-date=January 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109043911/http://www.transitmuseumeducation.org/fbu/projects/fulton |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Construction==
[[File:FTC 2675 (6792597836).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|February 2012 construction progress]]

With funding secured in 2009, MTA Capital Construction released a plan to open various stages of the Fulton Center project.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 8, 2009 |title=MTA to Roll Out Transit Center Upgrades |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/mta_to_roll_out_65898.aspx |website=LowerManhattan.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218055828/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/mta_to_roll_out_65898.aspx |archive-date=February 18, 2013 |access-date=October 1, 2016 |df=mdy}}</ref> Much of the below-ground connections, such as the IND mezzanine, were to begin construction first.<ref name=MTA-Const-Schedule-2011>{{cite web |title=MTA Capital Construction – Fulton Street Transit Center |url=http://web.mta.info/capconstr/fstc/construction_schedule.html |publisher=MTA |access-date=September 5, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213333/http://web.mta.info/capconstr/fstc/construction_schedule.html |archive-date=April 8, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The project rehabilitated two of the four stations in the original station complex.<ref name="fultonstopens"/> An intricate system of ramps was replaced by two new mezzanines,<ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|11}} and new entrances were opened.<ref name="fultonstopens"/>

===Station rehabilitation projects===
The Fulton Center project involved three station rehabilitation projects: the refurbishment of the Seventh Avenue Line's platform at the eastern end of the complex, served by the {{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh Brooklyn}}; the rehabilitation of the Lexington Avenue Line's platforms under Broadway, served by the {{NYCS trains|Lexington south}}; and the renovation of [[Cortlandt Street (BMT Broadway Line)|Cortlandt–Church Streets]], served by the {{NYCS trains|Broadway south}}. The former two stations had never been renovated, while Cortlandt Street had been renovated in the 1990s before being damaged during the September 11 attacks. The renovations of the Eighth Avenue Line platforms, served by the {{NYCS trains|Eighth Cranberry}}, and the Nassau Street Line platforms, served by the {{NYCS trains|Nassau south}}, had been completed in the 1990s.<ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|10}}

The first completed project of the Fulton Center, the rehabilitation of the Seventh Avenue Line platform, started in 2005.<ref name=":3" /> The narrowness of this platform required the addition of extra circulation elements, such as stairs.<ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|11}} This project was completed by November 2006.<ref name=capconstr />

Although not part of a rehabilitation, the Cortlandt Street station was first closed in 2005 for the construction of the [[Dey Street Passageway]], the underpass and the construction of the East Bathtub that supports the eastern towers of the [[World Trade Center (2001–present)|new World Trade Center complex]] that was being rebuilt.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/12/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-manhattan-subway-station-to-close.html|title=Metro Briefing {{!}} New York: Manhattan: Subway Station To Close|last=O'Connor|first=Anahad|date=August 12, 2005|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=February 25, 2018|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612224611/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/12/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-manhattan-subway-station-to-close.html|url-status=live}}</ref> With the conclusion of the Dey Street Passageway construction, the uptown platform was opened first, on November 25, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 25, 2009 |url=http://ny1.com/7-brooklyn-news-content/news_beats/transit/109514/mta-chairman-to-re-open-r-w-cortlandt-street-station/ |title=MTA Chairman Reopens R/W Cortlandt Street Station |publisher=NY1 News |access-date=November 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630094050/http://ny1.com/7-brooklyn-news-content/news_beats/transit/109514/mta-chairman-to-re-open-r-w-cortlandt-street-station/ |archive-date=June 30, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lowermanhattan.info/news/cortlandt_st_northbound_subway_21173.aspx |title=Cortlandt St Northbound Subway Platform Reopens |access-date=November 22, 2009 |publisher=Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center/LMDC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130023107/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/cortlandt_st_northbound_subway_21173.aspx |archive-date=November 30, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The southbound platform was rehabilitated and reopened on September 6, 2011, with a new underpass, to coincide with the upcoming opening of the [[National September 11 Memorial & Museum]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/zero_station_set_to_reopen_hzX7ruzYrrKOlWQoS80Z5M |title=G. Zero station set to reopen |newspaper=New York Post |first=Jennifer |last=Fermino |date=August 3, 2011 |access-date=September 6, 2011 |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024052529/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/zero_station_set_to_reopen_hzX7ruzYrrKOlWQoS80Z5M |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Lexington Avenue Line station at the western end of the complex, serving the {{NYCS trains|Lexington Brooklyn|time=nolink}}, was rehabilitated beginning in 2008.<ref name=lowermanhattan17608/> Prior to renovations, there was no direct access to the southern end of the northbound platform, causing overcrowding at this location.<ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|10}} The renovation started after the entrances at Maiden Lane (northbound) and Cortlandt Street (southbound) were opened to ameliorate passenger flow during subsequent station rehabilitation. Historical features, such as the tiling, were preserved. The structure was joined by the Fulton Building on the northbound platform, and the Dey Street Headhouse on the southbound platform, when they opened.<ref name=lowermanhattan17608>{{cite web |publisher=Lower Manhattan Development Corp. |title=Project Updates: Fulton Center |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/fulton_street_transit_center_17608.aspx |date=May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060816030815/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/fulton_street_transit_center_17608.aspx |archive-date=August 16, 2006 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Entrances===
[[File:Entrance to Fulton Center through 135 William St.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|left|The 135 William Street entrance for the Fulton Street station opened in August 2011, going to the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line mezzanine.]]
[[File:Maiden Lane subway station entrance at Fulton Street.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Maiden Lane subway station entrance at Fulton Street, before renovation. Each entrance went to just one platform at the time, as pictured.]]

As part of the reorganization of the Fulton Street station complex, and to mitigate passenger flow congestion during the construction phases of the Fulton Center project, some new entrances opened and some existing entrances closed. In January 2007, the MTA opened a new entrance on the southeast corner of [[Maiden Lane (Manhattan)|Maiden Lane]] and [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]]. Like the John Street entrance, it served chiefly the northbound platform of the Lexington Avenue Line.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 19, 2007 |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/mta_opens_new_45_62786.aspx |title=MTA Opens New 4/5 Fulton Street Entrance |website=LowerManhattan.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306023214/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/mta_opens_new_45_62786.aspx |archive-date=March 6, 2008}}</ref> That month, construction began on creating an analogous entrance on Cortlandt Street, just across the street from Broadway, for the southbound platform. These entrances allowed for the temporary closure of the John Street entrance (northbound platform) and the entrance by Dey Street (southbound platform) during the rehabilitation of the Lexington Avenue Line platforms and [[Dey Street Passageway]]-related work.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/070707_tc_cb1.pdf |title=Fulton Street Transit Center – Community Board 1 Quarterly Construction Update |date=July 7, 2007 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] |access-date=February 21, 2018 |page=6 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211711/http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/070707_tc_cb1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

On August 1, 2011, the entrance at 135 William Street on the eastern side of the complex opened. This was completed in conjunction with the gradual opening of a transfer mezzanine over the IND Eighth Avenue Line platform, serving the {{NYCS trains|Eighth far south express|time=nolink}}.<ref name="MTA-135William-2011">{{cite web |title=news – New Entrance at Fulton Street Opens |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |date=August 1, 2011 |url=http://www.mta.info/news/2011/08/01/new-entrance-fulton-street-opens |access-date=February 20, 2018 |archive-date=February 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220212258/http://www.mta.info/news/2011/08/01/new-entrance-fulton-street-opens |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Julie |title=MTA Opens New Fulton Street Subway Entrance |website=DNAinfo New York |date=August 1, 2011 |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20110801/downtown/mta-opens-new-fulton-street-subway-entrance |access-date=February 20, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220092343/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20110801/downtown/mta-opens-new-fulton-street-subway-entrance |archive-date=February 20, 2018 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A terra-cotta mural and an iron gate from the [[Hotel McAlpin]], both which were originally found in the original transfer passageway, were relocated to the new 135 William Street entrance.<ref>{{cite web |title=A peek into the Fulton Street Transit Center |website=Downtown Express |date=January 4, 2012 |url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/2012/01/04/a-peek-into-the-fulton-street-transit-center/ |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223543/http://www.downtownexpress.com/2012/01/04/a-peek-into-the-fulton-street-transit-center/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An additional entrance at 129 Fulton Street provides an elevator connecting to the Nassau Street Line platform and the Eighth Avenue Line mezzanine.<ref name="MTA-135William-2011"/>

To allow for advanced Eighth Avenue Line Mezzanine work and the construction of a permanent underpass under the Lexington Avenue Line tunnel under Fulton Street to take place, the subway station entrance at 222 Broadway became permanently closed on October 29, 2011. In its place, a temporary entrance opened midblock between Fulton Street and John Street, inside the main building construction site. This was followed with a major realignment of the transfer passageway between the Eighth Avenue Line and Lexington Avenue Line trains.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 28, 2011 |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/mezzanine_work_reroutes_fulton_97791.aspx |title=Mezzanine Work Reroutes Fulton Transit Riders |website=LowerManhattan.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107194216/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/mezzanine_work_reroutes_fulton_97791.aspx |archive-date=November 7, 2013 |access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref> Related construction work saw the temporary closure of the entrances at Fulton Street, on the northwest (by St. Paul's Chapel) and southwest corners throughout much of 2011. Both were reopened by the first half of 2012. The entrance to Dey Street (195 Broadway), on the southbound platform, was permanently closed on May 1, 2012, for [[Dey Street Passageway]] related work and rehabilitation of the southbound platform. It was to be replaced by the Dey Street Headhouse, across Dey Street, when it opened in late September 2012.<ref name=MTA-CB1-Update-Oct2012>{{cite web |title=Fulton Street Transit Center – Community Board 1 Quarterly Construction Update |date=October 2012 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/CB1_10_03%202012_Fulton%20_Center_Community_Board_1.pdf |access-date=October 2, 2016 |archive-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223437/http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/CB1_10_03%202012_Fulton%20_Center_Community_Board_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|2}}

At the 129 Fulton Street site and the 150 William Street site are permanent entrances that provide access to the southbound {{NYCS trains|Nassau south|time=nolink}} and the {{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh Brooklyn|time=nolink}}, respectively. There is elevator access at the 129 Fulton Street site.<ref name="lowermanhattan42132">{{cite web |date=August 5, 2011 |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/new_fulton_transit_entrance_42132.aspx |title=New Fulton Transit Entrance Marks Major Milestone |website=LowerManhattan.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927091447/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/new_fulton_transit_entrance_42132.aspx |archive-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref> Other entrances include the [[Dey Street Passageway]] [[#Dey Street Passageway|headhouse building]] (opened 2012)<ref name=MTA-DeyStHeadhouse-Oct2012/> and the [[#Fulton Building|Fulton Center main building]], or the Fulton Building (opened 2014).<ref name="fultonstopens"/>

===IND transfer mezzanine===
[[File:A C transfer mezzanine in Fulton Center.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|Newly completed passageway in the western half of the IND mezzanine, November 2014]]
[[File:Fulton St art 2 vc.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Artwork on the walls of the eastern section the IND transfer mezzanine at the Fulton Center, facing the IND platform]]

Originally, a network of passageways and ramps loosely connected the various lines with each other, causing congestion during peak hours.<ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|11}} The transfer mezzanine, also known as the IND mezzanine, replaced these ramps and made several adjacent entrances redundant. In January 2010, reconstruction of the transfer mezzanine over the Fulton Street IND platform resulted in traffic flow changes.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Fulton Street Transit Center Construction Update and Service Changes January 9–11 and January 16–17 |url=http://mta.info/mta/news/releases/?en=100107-NYCT1 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] |date=January 7, 2010 |access-date=February 7, 2010 |archive-date=January 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125041210/http://www.mta.info/mta/news/releases/?en=100107-NYCT1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The transfer passageway leading to the [[Fulton Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line]] platform at Fulton Street had previously been modified. Effectively, all transfers were made through the IND platform, serving the Eighth Avenue Line.<ref name=EIS1>{{cite book |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/feis/chapters/ch01.pdf |title=Fulton Street Transit Center, Final Environmental Impact Statement and Section 4(f) Evaluation |chapter=Chapter 1: Purpose and Need |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] |access-date=January 3, 2015 |archive-date=September 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909033402/http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/feis/chapters/ch01.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The stacked-staggered configuration of the BMT Nassau Street Line platforms splits the IND mezzanine levels into halves. The eastern half stretches from Nassau Street to William Street, from the southbound Nassau Street Line platform to the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line platform. Similarly, the western half of the mezzanine stretches from Nassau Street to Broadway, from the northbound Nassau Street Line to the Lexington Avenue Line platforms. Transferring passengers have to use the third-basement-level IND platform to navigate between both halves of the mezzanine, since the Nassau Street Line's platforms bisect the mezzanine on both the first and second basement levels.<ref name=EIS1/>{{rp|11}}

The IND mezzanine opened in various phases. Around August 2011, the William Street end of the Eastern mezzanine opened, coinciding with the opening of the 135 William Street entrance. In October 2011, due to a major realignment of the temporary transfer passageway between the Eighth Avenue Line station and the Lexington Avenue Line station, parts of the Western Mezzanine opened as well. The realignment sent passengers through the construction site of the Fulton Building.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/02%2013%202012%20Fulton%20Street%20Transit%20Center%20Manhattan%20Community%20Board%201%20Update.pdf |title=Fulton Street Transit Center – Community Board 1 Quarterly Construction Update |date=February 13, 2012 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] |access-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-date=February 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223050520/http://web.mta.info/capital/fc_docs/02%2013%202012%20Fulton%20Street%20Transit%20Center%20Manhattan%20Community%20Board%201%20Update.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Rp|44}} By January 2012, the Western Mezzanine had opened to the northbound Nassau Street Line platforms. In June 2012, an underpass under the Lexington Avenue Line platforms, traveling approximately under Fulton Street, re-opened and was connected to the Western Mezzanine. With the opening of the new passageway, the older underpass connecting to southbound Lexington Avenue Line platform was simultaneously closed. As a result, the Western Mezzanine was substantially completed.<ref name=MTA-CB1-Update-Oct2012/>{{rp|2}} On August 2, 2012, the southbound Nassau Street Line platform was connected to the Eastern Mezzanine. An MTA press release regarded this as the substantial completion of the entire IND mezzanine.<ref>{{cite web |title=MTA Re-Opens A, C Station Mezzanine Connection to Southbound J, Z Platform at Fulton Street Station |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |date=August 1, 2012 |url=http://www.mta.info/news/2012/08/01/mta-re-opens-ac-station-mezzanine-connection-southbound-jz-platform-fulton-street |access-date=March 1, 2018 |quote=The re-opening of the transfer also allows for the last section of the reconstructed A & C mezzanine to be opened, which is now completely open to customers. |archive-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302044618/http://www.mta.info/news/2012/08/01/mta-re-opens-ac-station-mezzanine-connection-southbound-jz-platform-fulton-street |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DSEO"/>
{{Lower Manhattan subway cross section}}

==={{anchor|Dey Street Passageway}}Dey Street headhouse and passageway===
{{Main|Dey Street Passageway}}

Temporary transfer passages opened to the Lexington Avenue Line trains from the Eighth Avenue Line Mezzanine in October 2011, in conjunction with the closing of the entrance across the street on Fulton Street.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|3}} In June 2012, this passageway was again replaced, this time by a permanent passageway underneath Fulton Street that adjoined the western Eighth Avenue Line mezzanine directly. The original temporary transfer passageway was part of an underground concourse connecting the Fulton Center and the Dey Street Passageway, and also served a crossunder for the two platforms.<ref name=MTA-DeyStHeadhouse-Oct2012/>

The Dey Street Passageway headhouse opened on October 8, 2012.<ref name=MTA-DeyStHeadhouse-Oct2012>{{cite web |url=http://www.mta.info/news/2012/10/05/new-dey-street-entrance-opens |title=New Dey Street Entrance Opens |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030021231/http://www.mta.info/news/2012/10/05/new-dey-street-entrance-opens |url-status=live }}</ref> It serves as an entrance for the southbound Lexington Avenue Line trains, and as the main access point for the long-anticipated [[Dey Street Passageway]].<ref>{{cite web |date=July 31, 2012 |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/dey_street_weekend_road_47147.aspx |title=Dey Street Weekend Road Closures |website=LowerManhattan.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803232651/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/dey_street_weekend_road_47147.aspx |archive-date=August 3, 2012}}</ref><ref name=DSEO>{{cite web |date=July 26, 2012 |title=Dey Street Entrance Opening and Road Closures |url=http://lowermanhattan.info/news/dey_street_entrance_opening_91754.aspx |website=LowerManhattan.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728042153/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/dey_street_entrance_opening_91754.aspx |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>

{{-}}
<gallery caption="Dey Street headhouse and passageway construction" class="center" widths="200">
File:Fulton 5344 (8767451621).jpg|The Dey Street Headhouse, located at the southwest corner of Dey Street and Broadway
File:FC 2012Aug6 Dey St Entrance stairs and elevator seen looking out from 1st landing (P. Cashin) (7997071577).jpg|Construction on the Dey Street entrance
File:Dey St entrance opening 2012-10-07 3.jpg|Inside the Dey Street entrance
File:Temporary transfer passageway from southbound platform.jpg|Temporary transfer passageway from southbound Lexington Avenue Line platform. This was closed from June 2012, but later reopened as the Lexington Avenue Line underpass, connecting the Dey Street Passageway with the Fulton Building
</gallery>

===Fulton Building===
[[File:Fare control from John St and Dey Street in Fulton Building.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Fare control area]]

The main building for the Fulton Center project, referred to as the Fulton Building by the MTA in its Requests for Proposals in August 2012, is a three-story building clad in glass, with an [[Oculus (architecture)|oculus]] atop that draws natural light into the main building and the uptown platform of the Lexington Avenue Line station. It is designed by [[Nicholas Grimshaw]] and [[James Carpenter (architect)|James Carpenter Design Associates]]. Its construction replaced four buildings along the eastern side of Broadway, which were demolished during 2007.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 21, 2007 |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/broadway_demolition_begins_for_63247.aspx |title=Broadway Demolition Begins for New Transit Center |website=LowerManhattan.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306024027/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/broadway_demolition_begins_for_63247.aspx |archive-date=March 6, 2008}}</ref>

The Fulton Building was nearly canceled in 2009 due to increasing costs,<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6"/> but was restored after $497 million in stimulus funding was allocated toward the Fulton Street Transit Center.<ref name=NYT-Planning-Stimulus-2009/> The foundations of the main transit complex was completed in August 2010.<ref name=MTA-Const-Schedule-2011/> Full scale superstructure work on the main building began in January 2011, and steel work concluded in October 2011. In November 2014, the Fulton Building opened to the public.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yee |first1=Vivian |title=Out of Dust and Debris, a New Jewel Rises |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/10/nyregion/fulton-center-a-subway-complex-reopens-in-lower-manhattan.html?_r=0 |access-date=February 16, 2015 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=November 9, 2014 |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424045156/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/10/nyregion/fulton-center-a-subway-complex-reopens-in-lower-manhattan.html?_r=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Donohue |first=Pete |date=October 27, 2014 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/fulton-center-subway-hub-open-november-article-1.1988694 |title=Fulton Center subway hub to open in November |work=NY Daily News |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122171545/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/fulton-center-subway-hub-open-november-article-1.1988694 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Plagianos |first=Irene |date=October 27, 2014 |url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20141027/financial-district/fulton-transit-hub-will-finally-open-on-nov-10-mta-says |title=Fulton Transit Hub Will Finally Open on Nov. 10, MTA Says |work=DNAinfo New York |access-date=October 28, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030044339/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20141027/financial-district/fulton-transit-hub-will-finally-open-on-nov-10-mta-says |archive-date=October 30, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><!-- A reviewer from ''The Guardian'' criticized the structure as "grey and glassy, with the placeless feel of a shopping mall".<ref name="Stamp 2014"/>-->

====Sky Reflector-Net====
[[File:Fulton Center skylight (91420).jpg|thumb|left|The "Sky Reflector-Net", as seen from the center of the Fulton Building]]
Sky Reflector-Net, which was commissioned as part of [[MTA Arts & Design]] program, was installed in 2014 in the Fulton Center transit hub. Located at the center of the oculus, the Sky Reflector-Net uses hundreds of aluminum mirrors to provide natural sunlight from a {{convert|53|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[skylight]] to an underground area as much as four stories deep.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Solomon |first1=Benjamin |last2=Li |first2=Shirley |title=NY's Subway Will Soon See Daylight for the First Time Ever |url=https://www.wired.com/2014/06/new-york-subway-2/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=June 25, 2014 |access-date=February 16, 2015 |archive-date=February 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217004844/http://www.wired.com/2014/06/new-york-subway-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The skylight contains 88 glass blades, which divert sunlight into the center of the building at certain times of the day throughout the year.<ref name=nyt-2015-06-17>{{Cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=2015-06-17|title=This Solstice, Skylight at Fulton Center Hub Will Get Its Day in the Sun|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/18/nyregion/sunlight-on-summer-solstice-will-light-up-fulton-center-hub.html|access-date=2023-05-08|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The last intentional skylight in the New York City Subway system was in the original [[City Hall (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|City Hall station]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gothamist.com/2007/02/05/a_visit_to_the.php |title=A Visit to the City Hall Subway Station |publisher=[[Gothamist]] |last=von Meistersinger |first=Toby |date=February 2, 2007 |access-date=May 2, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429063231/http://gothamist.com/2007/02/05/a_visit_to_the.php |archive-date=April 29, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> which closed in 1945.<ref>{{cite news |title=Historic Station Closed After 41 Years |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0715F63D5D107A93C3A9178AD85F428485F9 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 1, 1946 |page=22 |access-date=May 30, 2010 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606155245/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0715F63D5D107A93C3A9178AD85F428485F9 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Retail space====
Billed by MTA officials as New York's "Next Great Public Space",<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zauderer |first1=Alyssa |last2=Mocker |first2=Greg |title=$1.4B Fulton Center opens in Lower Manhattan |website=WPIX 11 New York |date=November 9, 2014 |url=http://pix11.com/2014/11/09/fulton-center-set-to-open-in-lower-manhattan-as-new-landmark-transit-hub/ |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223410/http://pix11.com/2014/11/09/fulton-center-set-to-open-in-lower-manhattan-as-new-landmark-transit-hub/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Stamp 2014">{{cite web |last=Stamp |first=Jimmy |title=Fulton Center review: a vision of New York's cold future |website=the Guardian |date=November 24, 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/nov/24/fulton-center-review-a-vision-of-new-yorks-cold-future |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-date=March 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164436/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/nov/24/fulton-center-review-a-vision-of-new-yorks-cold-future |url-status=live }}</ref> the Fulton Building was designed with a strong focus on retail, with more than {{Convert|30,000|ft2|m2}} of retail space as part of the [[Westfield World Trade Center]] shopping mall.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |title=Spared Demolition, an 1889 Building Gets a Second Life |website=City Room |date=June 2, 2013 |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/spared-the-wreckers-an-ornate-1889-building-gets-a-second-life-downtown/ |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228102312/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/spared-the-wreckers-an-ornate-1889-building-gets-a-second-life-downtown/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Retail stores are featured on concourse level "C2" (the same level as the IND Mezzanine), concourse level "C1M" (the same level as the Lexington Avenue Line platforms), and the ground floor.<ref>See:
* {{cite web |title=Westfield Westfield World Trade Center Center Map |website=Westfield |url=https://www.westfield.com/westfieldworldtradecenter/center-info/map |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223911/https://www.westfield.com/westfieldworldtradecenter/center-info/map |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Fulton Center Stores at Westfield Westfield World Trade Center |website=Westfield |url=https://www.westfield.com/westfieldworldtradecenter/stores/all-stores/fulton-center |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223533/https://www.westfield.com/westfieldworldtradecenter/stores/all-stores/fulton-center |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the MTA presentation at the stakeholders' meeting in October 2011 indicates the plausible presence for market cafes on the ground floor, "destination restaurants and bars" on the second floor and an anchor-branded tenant on the third and top floor of the building.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/extras/pdf/102711_mtastakeholdermtg.pdf |title=Fulton Street Transit Center Stakeholder Meeting |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226161118/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/extras/pdf/102711_mtastakeholdermtg.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>

The addition of retail space was an impetus for the May 2012 name change from "Fulton Street Transit Center" to a simpler "Fulton Center" to attract leases. The MTA looked to private companies to manage the retail section of the Fulton Center, attempting to change it to a shopping destination, as well as a transit center. The retail spaces are intended to provide additional revenue for the MTA in the form of real estate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20120520/REAL_ESTATE/305209981 |title=The dish on Grand Central |first=Theresa |last=Agovino |date=May 20, 2012 |work=Crain's New York Business |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=June 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623221553/http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20120520/REAL_ESTATE/305209981 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July 2012, the MTA made a motion to seek proposals from various companies for a master lease for 65,000 square feet of retail and commercial space. This space includes the Corbin Building, and the [[Dey Street Passageway]] and headhouse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/news/releases/?en=120731-HQ1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140407171951/http://web.mta.info/mta/news/releases/?en=120731-HQ1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |title=MTA Seeks Proposals to Manage 65,000 Square Feet of Retail and Commercial Space at Fulton Center |publisher=Web.mta.info |access-date=October 28, 2014}}</ref> The MTA made a Requests for Proposals (RFP) on August 2, 2012. Proposals were by November 2, 2012. According to the MTA's RFP, the main building is called the "Fulton Building" to disambiguate from other related structures, such as the Corbin Building.<ref name="masterlease">{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/realestate/Fulton_Center_Master_Lease_RFP.pdf |title=Request for Proposals. Fulton Center Master Lease |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |access-date=January 3, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408211926/http://web.mta.info/mta/realestate/Fulton_Center_Master_Lease_RFP.pdf |archive-date=April 8, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Corbin Building===
[[File:Corbin Building 13 John Street.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Corbin Building after renovation]]
{{main|Corbin Building}}

The [[Corbin Building]], erected in 1889 and an official [[New York City designated landmark|city]] and [[National Register of Historic Places|national]] landmark, is adjacent to the Fulton Building. Originally slated to be demolished, the building was instead restored as a part of the Fulton Center project and incorporated to the overall transit complex. It also provides street-level retail as well as {{convert|31,000|ft2|m2}} of commercial office space.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |title=Spared Demolition, an 1889 Building Gets a Second Life |website=City Room |date=June 2, 2013 |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/spared-the-wreckers-an-ornate-1889-building-gets-a-second-life-downtown/ |access-date=February 20, 2018 |archive-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228102312/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/spared-the-wreckers-an-ornate-1889-building-gets-a-second-life-downtown/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The building was underpinned during the rehabilitation of the Lexington Avenue Line platforms and the transit building construction. Design elements and the historic decor and facade were preserved as a part of this project. The building as a whole is integrated into the project, with escalators at John Street descending to the Lexington Avenue Line platforms and the Fulton Building. Retail space returned to the ground floor when the Corbin Building reopened in December 2012.<ref name=lowermanhattan17608 />

For upper floors, an interstitial structure was built for the height of the building, between the original building and the Fulton Center. This interstitial structure allows the Corbin Building to be made compliant to modern building regulations. A new freight elevator, as well as two passenger elevators, were installed in the interstitial building. Additionally, the interstitial unit gives added support to the Corbin Building.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 18, 2011 |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/restoring_the_landmark_corbin_34837.aspx |title=Restoring the Landmark Corbin Building |website=LowerManhattan.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107194248/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/restoring_the_landmark_corbin_34837.aspx |archive-date=November 7, 2013 |access-date=October 2, 2016}}</ref> However, the interstitial building is considered to be a part of the Fulton Building.<ref name=masterlease />

{{clear}}

== Completion and operation ==
[[Westfield Group]] signed a 20-year lease in December 2013 to operate the shops in the Fulton Center.<ref name="Morphy 2024 i337">{{cite web |last=Morphy |first=Erika |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Westfield Wants Out of the Fulton Center |url=https://www.globest.com/2024/02/16/westfield-wants-out-of-the-fulton-center/?slreturn=20240125115611 |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=GlobeSt |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Westfield Trying to Quit Fulton Center Halfway Through Lease |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2024/02/16/westfield-trying-to-quit-fulton-center-halfway-through-lease/ |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Hallum |first=Mark |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Westfield's Plan to Exit Fulton Street Station Met With MTA Lawsuit |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2024/02/westfields-plan-to-exit-fulton-street-station-met-with-lawsuit-from-mta/ |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=Commercial Observer}}</ref> The complex formally opened on November 10, 2014, seven years behind schedule and $650 million over budget.<ref name="fultonstopens" /> Owing to the Fulton Center's use of [[renewable energy]] sources and energy-conservation features, the complex was awarded a [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design]] (LEED) Silver certification in March 2016,<ref>{{cite web |date=March 16, 2016 |title=Press Release – NYC Transit – MTA's Fulton Center Awarded LEED Silver Rating |url=http://www.mta.info/press-release/nyc-transit/mtas-fulton-center-awarded-leed%C2%AE-silver-rating |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044516/http://www.mta.info/press-release/nyc-transit/mtas-fulton-center-awarded-leed%C2%AE-silver-rating |archive-date=March 1, 2018 |access-date=February 28, 2018 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref> becoming the first subway station in New York City to receive such a rating.<ref>{{cite web |last=Altamirano |first=Angy |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Fulton Center is first subway station to receive special rating for environmental friendliness |url=https://www.metro.us/new-york/fulton-center-is-first-subway-station-to-receive-leed-rating/zsJpcp---ktJeDbkfabXTQ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044400/https://www.metro.us/new-york/fulton-center-is-first-subway-station-to-receive-leed-rating/zsJpcp---ktJeDbkfabXTQ |archive-date=March 1, 2018 |access-date=February 28, 2018 |website=Metro US}}</ref> 

The passageway from the Fulton Street station to the Chambers Street/Park Place/Cortlandt Street station opened alongside the rest of the Fulton Center in November 2014. An extension to the World Trade Center Transportation Hub opened in May 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last=Altamirano |first=Angy |date=May 26, 2016 |title=MTA opens passage connecting Fulton Center to WTC PATH station |url=http://www.metro.us/new-york/mta-to-open-passage-connecting-fulton-center-to-wtc-path-station/zsJpez---qzMgrE9w38Q4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108023302/http://www.metro.us/new-york/mta-to-open-passage-connecting-fulton-center-to-wtc-path-station/zsJpez---qzMgrE9w38Q4/ |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |access-date=January 4, 2018 |website=Metro}}</ref> There were plans for a free transfer between the Cortlandt–Church Street station and the {{NYCS trains|Eighth far south local}} at the [[World Trade Center (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|World Trade Center]] station; however, this plan was removed due to [[value engineering|cost overruns]].<ref name="fultonstopens" /> By June 2017, the connection was again slated to be built and the passageway opened with newly rearranged turnstiles.<ref name=":2" /> The connection opened on December 29, 2017, after a reconfiguration of the respective stations' fare areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 30, 2017 |title=Getting to the Oculus Just Got Much Easier |url=https://tribecacitizen.com/2017/12/30/getting-to-the-oculus-just-got-much-easier/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102134915/https://tribecacitizen.com/2017/12/30/getting-to-the-oculus-just-got-much-easier/ |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |access-date=January 3, 2018 |website=Tribeca Citizen}}</ref> A separate transfer to the {{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh South Ferry}} at [[WTC Cortlandt (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|WTC Cortlandt]], outside the fare controls of either the Cortlandt–Church/World Trade Center or Fulton Street stations, was opened on September 8, 2018.<ref name="NYTimes-CortlandtReopens-2018" />

In February 2024, media sources reported that Westfield was trying to terminate its lease at the Fulton Center ten years early.<ref name="Morphy 2024 i337" /> Westfield cited increasing crime as a reason for its decision.<ref name="Manna 2024 z124">{{cite web | last=Manna | first=Victoria | title=Westfield says crime is forcing it to break lease at Fulton Transit Center | website=Spectrum News NY1  | date=2024-03-12 | url=https://ny1.com/nyc/brooklyn/news/2024/03/13/westfield-says-crime-is-forcing-it-to-break-lease-at-fulton-transit-center | access-date=2024-03-13|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | last=Guse | first=Clayton | title=Retail giant Westfield says crime at MTA's Fulton Transit Center is forcing it out | website=Gothamist | date=2024-03-12 | url=https://gothamist.com/news/retail-giant-says-crime-at-mtas-fulton-transit-center-is-forcing-it-out | access-date=2024-03-13}}</ref> In response, the MTA filed a federal lawsuit to prevent Westfield from breaking its lease.<ref name="Morphy 2024 i337" />

==See also==

* [[7 Subway Extension]], another Capital Construction project
* [[East Side Access]], another Capital Construction project
* [[Second Avenue Subway]], another Capital Construction project

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{ external media
| width  = 400px
| float  = right
| video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DE0bV_-ZyY4 "What is the Fulton St Transit Center?"], Metropolitan Transportation Authority; September 2, 2010; 0:59 YouTube video clip
| video2 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asdPuLG2rLQ "Fulton St Transit Center – 6/16/2011 Update"], Metropolitan Transportation Authority; June 16, 2011; 2:42 YouTube video clip
| video3 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_CGuQp9Bmo "Fulton St Transit Center – 1/19/2012 Update"], Metropolitan Transportation Authority; January 19, 2012; 1:44 YouTube video clip
|image1=MTA's Facebook Web Site — [http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=252253&id=250313209090&ref=mf Fulton Street Transit Center Progress Fall 2010 Pictures (15 pictures)]
|image2=MTA's Facebook Web Site — [http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10150221260684091.326228.250313209090 Fulton Street Transit Center – June 8, 2011 (15 pictures)]
|image3=MTA's Facebook Web Site — [http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10150601117894091.394078.250313209090&type=1 Fulton Street Transit Center update February 2012 (23 pictures)]
}}
* {{commons category-inline}}
* {{official|http://web.mta.info/capital/fulton_alt.html}}

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