View source for Fuji T-1

{{Short description|Japanese jet trainer aircraft}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{About|the aircraft|the camera|Fujifilm X-T1}}
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = T-1
| image = File:T-1A (13610304925).jpg
| caption = T-1B in special paint scheme
| type = Intermediate [[trainer aircraft]]
| manufacturer = [[Fuji Heavy Industries]]
| designer = 
| first_flight = January 1, 1958
| introduction = 
| retired = March 3, 2006{{cn|date=June 2022}}
| status = 
| primary_user = 
| more_users = 
| produced = 1962-1963
| number_built = 66
| developed_from = 
| variants = 
}}

The '''Fuji T-1 Hatsutaka'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wood |first=Derek |title=Jane's World Aircraft Recognition Handbook |publisher=[[Janes Information Services|Jane's Publishing Company Limited]] |year=1979 |isbn=0710602022 |edition=New |location=London |publication-date=1982 |pages=44 |language=en}}</ref> was [[Japan]]'s first jet-powered [[trainer aircraft]]. Its first flight was in January 1958. A total of 66 T-1 planes were built.<ref name=Simpson>Simpson 2001, p.246</ref> It was retired in March 2006.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}

==Design and development==
After World War II, Japanese aircraft industry was banned from research as well as the destruction of materials and equipment related to aircraft. In 1952, a partial ban on aircraft research was lifted, making it possible to develop Japan's own domestic jet aircraft. In the spring of 1954, the Defense Agency's plan to develop a training jet aircraft emerged, which later lead to the development of the T-1 training plane.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=日本の航空宇宙工業 ５０年の歩み 第２章 昭和３０年代；再建の時期|trans-title=50 Years in the Japanese Aerospace Industry Chapter 2: The 1950s; A Period of Reconstruction|url=https://www.sjac.or.jp/common/pdf/toukei/50nennoayumi/4_2_nihonnokoukuki2.pdf|website=一般社団法人日本航空宇宙工業会|publisher=一般社団法人日本航空宇宙工業会 (The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies)|pages=17–19|language=ja|access-date=2020-09-18|archive-date=2021-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007075721/https://www.sjac.or.jp/common/pdf/toukei/50nennoayumi/4_2_nihonnokoukuki2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The T-1 was the first indigenously designed Japanese jet aircraft to be developed since [[World War II]]. It was Japan's first mass-produced jet and the first aircraft to apply a [[swept wing]].<ref name=":0" /> The development of a domestic jet engine was not completed in time, so the T-1A was powered by the British-designed [[Bristol Siddeley Orpheus]] turbojet<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/avf863.html#m6|title=[3.0] Naval Sabres & Foreign Sabres|website=www.faqs.org}}</ref> and made its first flight on May 17, 1960.<ref name=":0" /> The T-1B was powered by the [[Ishikawajima-Harima J3]] turbojet<ref name="Odagiri-Goto">{{Cite book
 | last = Odagiri
 | first = Hiroyuki
 | title = Technology and Industrial Development in Japan
 | publisher = Clarendon Press, Oxford
 | year = 1996
 | isbn = 0-19-828802-6
 | pages = 224
}}</ref> and 20 were produced between June 1962 and June 1963.<ref name=":0" /> Fuji was the successor to the Nakajima Aircraft Company (famous for building several aircraft such as [[Nakajima Ki-43]] and [[Nakajima Ki-84]] during WW2). The first aircraft of Fuji's own design was the T-1 jet trainer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%201245.html|title=Archives at Flightglobal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
 | last = International
 | first = Flight
 | title = Flight International
 | publisher = Delaney Gallay, LTD
 | year = 1962
}}</ref>

More than 200 T-1s were to be produced, but with the introduction of the [[Lockheed F-104 Starfighter|Lockheed F-104]]J/DJ fighters, the education system changed and the [[Lockheed T-33|Lockheed T-33A]], which was in large numbers, took on the same role, and only 66 T-1s were introduced.<ref name=":0" />

With the entry into service of its successor, the [[Kawasaki T-4]], flight training with the T-1 was completed in December 2000. The last T-1 was retired on March 3, 2006.{{cn|date=June 2022}}

==Variants==
[[File:T1B KAB003.jpg|thumb|right|Fuji T-1 displayed at [[Nagoya Airfield|Komaki Air Base]]]]
''Data from'': Simpson 2001, p.&nbsp;246
;T1F1: {{cnspan|One Prototype|date=April 2020}} powered by a [[Nippon J3]] engine.<ref name=JAWA58-59/>
;T1F2: Two prototypes, powered by {{cvt|2645|lbf|-2|order=flip}} [[Bristol BOr.1 Orpheus]] engines.<ref name=JAWA58-59/>
;T1F3: Initial designation for the production T-1A, powered by  {{cvt|2645|lbf|2|order=flip}} [[Bristol BOr.4 Orpheus]] engines.<ref name=JAWA58-59>{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59 |editor1-last=Bridgman |editor1-first=Leonard |year=1958 |publisher=Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd. |location=London |pages=200–201}}</ref>
;T-1A: Powered by a 17.79&nbsp;kN (4,000&nbsp;lbf) [[Bristol Siddeley Orpheus]] Mk 805 turbojet engine. The original designation was '''T1F3'''. 46 built.
;T-1B:Powered by an 11.77&nbsp;kN (2,645&nbsp;lbf) [[Ishikawajima-Harima J3]]-IHI-3 turbojet engine. 20 built.<ref name=":0" />
;T-1C : Converted to 13.72&nbsp;kN (3,085&nbsp;lbf) [[Ishikawajima-Harima J3]]-IHI-7 engines.

==Operators==
;{{JPN}}
* [[Japan Air Self Defense Force]]

==Aircraft on display==
[[File:Fuji T-1 (25-5856) at Tokorozawa Aviation Museum, Saitama prefecture, Japan.jpg|thumb|Fuji T-1 (25-5856) at [[Tokorozawa Aviation Museum]]]]
[[File:Fuji T-1B Gifu.png|thumb|Fuji T-1B 05-5810 of AD&TW at Gifu-[[Kakamigahara Air and Space Museum]].]]
* T-1B ''25-5856'' at [[Tokorozawa Aviation Museum]], [[Saitama Prefecture]]
* T-1B ''35-5870'' at Saitama Subaru Sakitama Garden, [[Gyōda]], [[Saitama Prefecture]]<ref> Thompson, Paul [http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/aviation-museums J-HangarSpace - Aviation Museums] Retrieved September 8, 2016 </ref>
* T-1B ''05-5810'' at [[Kakamigahara Air and Space Museum]]

==Specifications (T-1A)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66<ref name="Janes 65 p103">Taylor 1965, p. 103.</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=
|crew=2
|capacity=
|length m=12.12
|length ft=
|length in=
|span m=10.50
|span ft=
|span in=
|height m=4.08
|height ft=
|height in=
|wing area sqm=22.22
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=4.96:1<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=K-561/K-569
|empty weight kg=2420
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=4150
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=clean
|max takeoff weight kg=5000
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=(with external tanks)
|fuel capacity=1,400 L (308 Imp Gallons)
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number= 1
|eng1 name= [[Bristol Siddeley Orpheus]] Mk 805
|eng1 type= [[turbojet]]
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 lbf=4000<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|power original=
|thrust original=
|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|more power=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=925
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at 6,100 m (20,000 ft)
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=620<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=at 9,150 m (30,000 ft)
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|range km=1300
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=(internal fuel)
|ferry range km=1950
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=(external tanks)
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=14400
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=<ref name="World mil p175">Donald and Lake 1996, p.175.</ref>
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=6500
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|more performance=
|thrust/weight=0.43
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= Provision for 1 × [[12.7 mm caliber|12.7 mm]] [[M2 Browning machine gun|Browning M53]]-2 machine gun in nose
|bombs=
|rockets=
|missiles=
|hardpoints=2
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=2 × [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] air-to-air missiles
|hardpoint bombs=2 × 750 lb (340 kg) bombs
|hardpoint other=2 × 455 L (100 Imp Gallon) drop tanks
|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Aermacchi MB-326]]
* [[Fokker S.14 Machtrainer]]
* [[North American F-86 Sabre|TF-86 Sabre]]
* [[Lockheed T-33]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist}}
;Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
* Donald, David and Jon Lake. ''Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft''. London:Aerospace Publishing, 1996, Single Volume Edition. {{ISBN|1-874023-95-6}}.
*{{cite book |title= Airlife's World Aircraft|last=Simpson|first=Rod| year=2001|publisher=Airlife Publishing Ltd |location=Shrewsbury |isbn=9781840371154}} 
* [[John W. R. Taylor|Taylor, John W. R.]] ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66''. London:Sampson Low, Marston, 1965.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commonscat-inline|Fuji T-1}}

{{Fuji aircraft}}
{{JSDF aircraft designations}}

[[Category:Fuji aircraft|T-001]]
[[Category:1950s Japanese military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined jet aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:F-86 Sabre]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1958]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]