View source for Frederica of Hanover

{{Short description|Queen of Greece from 1947 to 1964}}
{{For|other people called Princess Frederica of Hanover|Princess Frederica (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Expand French|topic=bio|Frederika de Hanovre|fa=yes|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Frederica
| image        = HRH Princess Frederica of Hanover.jpg
| caption      = Frederica before her arrival in Greece
| consort      = yes
| succession   = [[Queen consort of the Hellenes]]
| full name    = Frederica Louisa
| reign        = 1 April 1947 – 6 March 1964
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Paul of Greece]]|9 January 1938|6 March 1964|end=d.}}
| issue        = {{plain list|
* [[Sofía, Queen of Spain]]
* [[Constantine II, King of Greece]]
* [[Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark|Princess Irene]]
}}
| house        = [[House of Hanover|Hanover]] (by birth)<br>[[House of Glücksburg|Glücksburg]] (by marriage)
| father       = [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]
| mother       = [[Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1917|4|18|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Blankenburg (Harz)]], [[Duchy of Brunswick]], [[German Empire]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1981|2|6|1917|4|18|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Madrid]], Spain
| burial_date  = 12 February 1981
| burial_place = Royal Cemetery, [[Tatoi Palace]], Greece
| signature    = Queen Frederica's signature.svg
}}
'''Frederica of Hanover''' ([[German language|German]]: ''Friederike Luise''; {{Langx|el|Φρειδερίκη Λουΐζα|Phreideríkē Louḯza}}; 18 April 1917 – 6 February 1981) was [[Queen of Greece]] from 1 April 1947 until 6 March 1964 as the wife of [[Paul of Greece|King Paul]] and the [[Queen mother|Queen Mother]] of [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] from 6 March 1964, when her son [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II]] became King, until 8 December 1974, when the [[1973 Greek republic referendum|monarchy was officially abolished]] after a referendum.

Granddaughter of [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] and daughter of Duke [[Ernest Augustus of Brunswick]], Frederica was born a few months before the fall of the [[German Empire]]. Her family overthrown, she grew up between Austria and [[Weimar Germany]], where her father owned large properties. As a teenager, she joined the [[Hitler Youth]] in 1933, before leaving to complete her studies for the next two years in the United Kingdom and then Italy. In Florence, she was received by [[Helen of Greece and Denmark|Princess Helen of Greece and Denmark]], at whose house she met the [[Crown Prince of Greece]], Paul. The two fell in love and married two years after the restoration of the monarchy in Greece. In the years that followed, she gave birth to three children, [[Queen Sofía of Spain|Sophia]] in 1938, Constantine in 1940 and [[Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark|Irene]] in 1942.

During the [[Second World War]], [[Axis occupation of Greece|Greece was occupied by the Axis powers]]. The Greek royal family left the country and Frederica and her children settled first in South Africa and from 1943 in Egypt. 
The changing political situation in Greece, with the rise of the [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|EAM]] and the [[KKE]], challenged the institution of the monarchy. The royal family did not return to the country until 1946, when the Greeks ratified the return and restoration of the institution [[1946 Greek referendum|in a referendum]]. In the period of [[Greek Civil War|civil war that followed]], Frederica developed a strong social activity to support the efforts of the government and the Crown. She organised a network to help refugees affected by the forces of the [[Democratic Army of Greece|Democratic Army]], creating the so-called "children's towns", an initiative that was widely criticised by opponents of the Crown.

After the death of Paul I in 1964, the dowager queen retired from public life. However, according to the prevailing historiographical view, she continued to influence the fate of the country through her son, now [[King Constantine II]]. Frederica was widely regarded as Constantine's [[éminence grise]] and continued to be attacked by the opposition, who blamed her for the [[Iouliana|tensions between the palace and the government]] of [[Georgios Papandreou]] (1964–1965).

==Early life==
Born ''Her Royal Highness'' Friederike Luise, [[Hanoverian princess|Princess of Hanover]],<ref name=burke>{{cite book|author = Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd|author-link = Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd|year = 1973|title = [[Burke's Peerage|Burke's]] Guide to the Royal Family|publisher = Burke's Peerage Ltd|pages = [https://archive.org/details/burkesguidetoroy00lond/page/290 290, 300]|isbn = 0-220-66222-3}}</ref> [[British princess#List of princesses of the blood royal since 1714|Princess of Great Britain and Ireland]],<ref name=gotha>{{cite book|title = [[Almanach de Gotha]]|publisher = [[Justus Perthes (publishing company)|Justus Perthes]]| year = 1942| chapter = ''Haus Braunschweig-Lûneburg (Maison de Brunswick-Lunebourg)''|location = Gotha| page =39|language = fr}}</ref> and [[Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Princess of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<ref name=gazette>{{cite journal|title = The London Gazette| url = https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34468/page/8169|date = 31 December 1937|page = 8169|access-date = 20 January 2017|journal=The London Gazette}}</ref> on 18 April 1917 in [[Blankenburg am Harz]], in the [[German Empire|German]] [[Duchy of Brunswick]], she was the only daughter and third child of [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick|Ernest Augustus]], then reigning [[Duchy of Brunswick|Duke of Brunswick]], and his wife [[Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia]], herself the only daughter of the German Emperor [[Wilhelm II]]. Both her father and maternal grandfather abdicated their thrones in November 1918 following Germany's defeat in [[World War I]],<ref name=burke/> while [[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover|her paternal grandfather]] had been [[Titles Deprivation Act 1917|stripped]] of his British [[royal dukedom]] the previous year.

In 1933 Frederica joined the [[Jungmädelbund]], the Nazi organisation for girls aged 10–14.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones|first=Howard |date= 1998|title=A New Kind of War: America's Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/47182 |location= |publisher= Oxford University Press|page= 68|isbn= |access-date=}}</ref> Although it is not entirely clear whether this was of her own volition or not, in her autobiography, "Measure of Understanding", she states: "One day two women in uniform appeared in my parents' room and my parents told me to come out. It had become a law that all children had to register with the Nazi Youth Movement and the women had come to remind my parents of this duty.(...)I didn't like wearing the uniform, and I never liked it later, but I saw it as something that had finally brought me into contact with other children. (...) 
My father didn't like the Nazi movement, but he couldn't discuss it openly. After two weeks in the youth movement I had a long private talk with my father. He explained to me what the whole uniform thing really meant, and we decided together that it would be better for me to cut all ties with it. But since I was in Germany, that would have been impossible under the law. So I was sent to England."<ref>{{cite book |author=Φρειδερίκη |date=1971 |title=Μέτρον κατανοήσεως  |url= |location=Αθήνα |publisher=Βιβλιομεταφραστική |page= |isbn= |access-date=}}</ref> 
In 1934, [[Adolf Hitler]], in his ambition to link the British and German royal houses, asked for Frederica's parents to arrange for the marriage of their seventeen-year-old daughter to the [[Edward VIII|Prince of Wales]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Kaiser's daughter|last=Viktoria Luise|first=HRH|publisher=W. H. Allen|year=1977|isbn=9780491018081|pages=188}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany|last=Petropoulos|first=Jonathan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780195161335|pages=[https://archive.org/details/royalsreichprinc0000petr/page/161 161–162]|url=https://archive.org/details/royalsreichprinc0000petr/page/161}}</ref> In her memoirs, Frederica's mother described that she and her husband were "shattered" and such a possibility "had never entered our minds".<ref name=":1">Viktoria Luise, p.188</ref> Victoria Louise herself had once been considered as a potential bride for the very same person prior to her marriage. Moreover, the age difference was too great (the Prince of Wales was twenty-three years Frederica's senior), and her parents were unwilling to "put any such pressure" on their daughter.<ref name=":1" />

To her family, she was known as ''Freddie''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Y03AQAAQBAJ&q=Freddie&pg=PT164 The Royals. Written by Kitty Kelley]</ref>

==Marriage==
[[Paul I of Greece|Prince Paul of Greece]] proposed to her during the summer of 1936, while he was in [[Berlin]] attending the [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. Paul was a son of [[Constantine I of Greece|King Constantine I]] and Frederica's great aunt [[Sophia of Prussia|Sophia]]. Accordingly, they were maternal first cousins once removed. They were also paternal second cousins as great-grandchildren of [[Christian IX of Denmark]]. Their engagement was announced officially on 28 September 1937, and Britain's King [[George VI]] gave his consent pursuant to the [[Royal Marriages Act 1772]] on 26 December 1937.<ref name=gazette/> They married in [[Athens]] on 9 January 1938.<ref name=gotha/> Frederica became Hereditary Princess of Greece, her husband being [[heir presumptive]] to his childless elder brother, [[George II of Greece|King George II]].

During the early part of their marriage, they resided at a villa in [[Psychiko]] in the suburbs of Athens. Ten months after their marriage, their first child, the future [[Queen Sofía of Spain]] (and future mother of [[Felipe VI]]), was born on 2 November 1938. On 2 June 1940, Frederica gave birth to the future [[Constantine II of Greece|King Constantine II]].

According to several accounts, she had an affair with [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|CIA director]], [[Allen Dulles]], after meeting him in 1958.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kinzer |first=Stephen |date=10 November 2012 |title=When a C.I.A. Director Had Scores of Affairs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/opinion/when-a-cia-director-had-scores-of-affairs.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Winks |first=Robin |date=1994 |editor-last=Grose |editor-first=Peter |title=The Wise Man of Intelligence: Uncovering the Life of Allen Dulles |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20046934 |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=73 |issue=6 |pages=144–149 |doi=10.2307/20046934 |jstor=20046934 |issn=0015-7120|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==War and exile==
At the peak of [[World War II]], in April 1941, the [[Greek royal family]] was evacuated to [[Crete]] in a [[Sunderland flying boat]]. Shortly afterwards, the German forces attacked Crete. Frederica and her family were evacuated again, setting up a [[Government in exile|government-in-exile]] office in [[London]].

In exile, [[George II of Greece|King George II]] and the rest of the Greek royal family settled in [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]. Here Frederica's last child, [[Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark|Princess Irene]], was born on 11 May 1942. The South African leader, General [[Jan Smuts]], served as her [[godparent|godfather]]. The family eventually settled in [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]] in February 1944.

After the war, the [[1946 Greek referendum]] restored King George to the throne. The Hereditary Prince and Princess returned to their villa in [[Psychiko]].

==Queen consort==
On 1 April 1947, George II died and Frederica's husband ascended the throne as Paul I, with Frederica as [[queen consort]]. A [[Communist]] insurgency in Northern Greece led to the [[Greek Civil War]]. The King and Queen toured Northern Greece under tight security to appeal for loyalty in the summer of 1947.

Queen Frederica was constantly attacked for her German ancestry.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kings of the Hellenes: The Greek Kings, 1863-1974|last=Van der Kiste|first=John|publisher=Sutton Publishing Ltd|year=1999|isbn=9780750921473|pages=178}}</ref> Left-wing politicians in Greece repeatedly used the fact that the [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser]] was her grandfather, and that she had brothers who were members of the SS, as propaganda against her.<ref name=":0">Van der Kiste, p.178</ref> She was also criticized variously as "very Prussian" and "was a Nazi".<ref name=":0" /> When she was in London representing her sick husband at the wedding of his first cousin [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark]] to King [[George VI]]'s elder daughter [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] in November 1947, [[Winston Churchill]] remarked on the Kaiser being her grandfather. Queen Frederica had replied acknowledging the fact, but reminding him that she was also descended from Queen Victoria, and that her father would be the British king if the country had operated under [[Salic Law]] (allowing only males to inherit the crown).<ref>Van der Kiste, p.177</ref> In fact, Frederica held the title [[British princess|Princess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]], granted ''ad personam'' to the children of the then-Duke of Brunswick by [[George V]]'s letters patent of 1914, which remained unrevoked.<ref>https://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/prince_highness_docs.htm#2A:_Stylings_of_the_Cumberlands_in Royal Styles and Titles of Great Britain: Documents</ref>

[[Image:Paul and Frederika of Greece.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Queen Frederica with [[Paul of Greece|King Paul]], while visiting the [[USS Providence (CL-82)|USS Providence]] (CL-82), at Athens, circa May 1947]]
[[Image:Personal flag of Queen Frederica of Greece.svg|thumb|250px|left|Queen Frederica's personal standard]]

During the civil war, Queen Frederica set up the Queen's Camps or Child Cities (translation of: Παιδο(υ)πόλεις / ''Paidopoleis'' or ''Paidupoleis''), a network of 53 camps around Greece where she would rescue children of members of the [[Democratic Army of Greece|Democratic Army]] and former partisans.<ref>See the recent archival research from the General State Archives of Greece of the former Royal Palaces of letters from citizens from the area of Trikala to Frederiki for admission to hospitals or employment. Μιχάλης Φύλλας,«Επιστολές Τρικαλινών στη βασίλισσα Φρειδερίκη «Στηρίζω εις σας μεγαλειοτάτη όλας μου τας ελπίδας...», Θεσσαλικό Ημερολόγιο, τομ. 77 (2020), σελ.282-286 [https://www.academia.edu/44746561], και την Σάμο, Μιχάλης Φύλλας,«Επίκειται ο εξ ασιτείας θάνατός μου...». Όψεις της σαμιακής κοινωνίας στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του '60», Απόπλους, τχ.83 (Άνοιξη 2020), σελ.330-336 [https://www.academia.edu/45440655]</ref><ref>Σύλλογος Πολιτικών Εξορίστων Γυναικών,Στρατόπεδα Γυναικών (Χίος, Τρίκερι, Μακρόνησος, Αϊ-Στράτης 1948-1954), εκδ. Αλφειός, 2006, {{ISBN|960-87931-8-1}}</ref><ref>https://www.alphatv.gr/index.asp?a_id=76&news_id=26761 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Time Magazine Cover Frederika of Greece Oct 1953.jpg|thumb|180px|On the [[List of covers of Time magazine (1950s)|cover of ''Time'']], 1953]]

The [[Greek Civil War]] ended in August 1949. The King and Queen took this opportunity to strengthen the monarchy, and paid official visits to Marshal [[Josip Broz Tito]] in [[Belgrade]], Presidents [[Luigi Einaudi]] of [[Italy]] in [[Rome]], [[Theodor Heuss]] of [[West Germany]], and [[Bechara El Khoury]] of [[Lebanon]], Emperor [[Haile Selassie|Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia]], Governor-General [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]] of [[India]], King [[George VI]] of the United Kingdom, and the United States as guest of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]. However, at home in Greece and abroad in the United Kingdom, Queen Frederica was targeted by the opposition, because as a girl she had belonged to the ''Bund Deutscher Mädel'' ([[League of German Girls]]), a branch of the [[Hitler Youth]] group for young women; her supporters argued that evading membership in the group would be difficult under the existing political climate in [[Nazi Germany]] at the time.

Unlike her meek husband, in post-War Greece Frederica was one of the most hated public figures.<ref name="www-in-gr.translate.goog">George P. Malouhos, 'Former King Constantine: The Third End', ''In'', 16 January 2023, [https://www-in-gr.translate.goog/2023/01/16/life/stories/teos-vasilias-konstantinos-trito-telos/]</ref> This was due to a string of reasons that included her political interference, her intemperate character, her German ethnicity, and the fact she became identified in the public consciousness with all that was reactionary.<ref name="www-in-gr.translate.goog"/> Frederica has been described as "inherently undemocratic".<ref>Kaloudis, George Stergiou ''Modern Greek democracy: the end of a long journey'', University Press of America, Inc., 2000 p. 35</ref><ref>Pettifer, James ''The Greeks:the land and people since the war'', Viking, 1993, p20</ref> She was notorious for her numerous arbitrary and unconstitutional interventions in Greek politics<ref>Keeley, Robert V., ''The Colonels' Coup and the American Embassy: A Diplomat's View of the Breakdown of Democracy in Cold War Greece'', Penn State University Press 2001, p36</ref> and clashes with democratically elected governments. She actively politicked against the election of [[Alexander Papagos]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Greece: The King's Wife |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=26 October 1953}}</ref> At home in Greece and abroad in the United Kingdom, she was targeted by the opposition. In 1963 while visiting London, rioting by Greek leftists demonstrating against the situation with the political prisoners of the [[Greek Civil War]], forced her to temporarily seek refuge in a stranger's house. Her political interference was harshly criticized and was a significant factor in the strengthening of republican sentiments.

Frederica's 16 November 1953 appearance in ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' as America's guest was taken on one of the many state visits she paid around the world. Also that year she appeared on the cover of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. On 14 May 1962, her eldest daughter Sofía married Prince [[Juan Carlos of Spain]] (later King Juan Carlos I of Spain) in Athens.

==Queen dowager==
On 6 March 1964, King Paul died of cancer. When her son, [[Constantine II of Greece|King Constantine II]], married [[Queen Anne-Marie of Greece|Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark]] later that year on 18 September, Queen Frederica stepped back from the majority of her public duties in favor of her daughter-in-law. She remained a figure of controversy and was accused in the press of being the ''[[éminence grise]]'' behind the throne.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Alice: Princess Andrew of Greece|last=Vickers|first=Hugo|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|year=2003|isbn=9780312302399|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alice00hugo/page/387 387]|url=https://archive.org/details/alice00hugo/page/387}}</ref>

She retired to the countryside where she lived an almost reclusive life. However, she continued to attend royal events that were family-oriented, such as the baptisms of her grandchildren in both Spain and Greece.

==Exile==
[[File:Frederikaposter.jpg|thumb|left|"COMING!!! The people's 'beloved' queen mother Frederica". Anti-monarchy poster of Queen Frederika from the 1974 referendum.]] King Constantine II's clashes with the democratically elected Prime Minister [[George Papandreou (senior)|George Papandreou Sr.]] were blamed by critics for causing the destabilisation that led to a military coup on 21 April 1967 and the rise of the [[Greek military junta of 1967-1974|regime of the colonels]]. {{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} Faced with a difficult situation, King Constantine initially collaborated with the military dictatorship, {{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} swearing in their government under a royalist prime minister. Later that year he attempted a counter-coup in an attempt to restore democracy, whose failure forced him into exile. Following this, the junta appointed a regent to carry out the tasks of the exiled monarch.

In 1971, Frederica published an autobiography, ''A Measure of Understanding''.<ref>Publisher: Macmillan (1971), {{ISBN|0333124545}}</ref>

On 1 June 1973 the junta abolished the Greek monarchy without consulting the Greek people and then attempted to legitimize its actions through a [[1973 Greek plebiscite|1973 plebiscite]] that was widely suspected of being rigged. The head of the junta became the new head-of-state as [[President of Greece]] [[Georgios Papadopoulos|George Papadopoulos]].

The dictatorship ended on 24 July 1974 and the pre-junta constitutional monarchy was never restored. A [[1974 Greek republic referendum|plebiscite was held on 8 December 1974]] in which Constantine (who was able to campaign only from outside the country) freely admitted past errors, and promised to support democracy.<ref>Proclamation of King Constantine for the 1974 Referendum https://www.greekroyalfamily.gr/images/stories/eggrafa_afieromata/DIAGELMA20DIMOPSIFISMATOS201974.pdf</ref> However, 69% of Greeks freely voted to make Greece a democratic republic.

==Death==
Frederica died on 6 February 1981 in exile in Madrid of heart failure, reportedly following eyelid surgery<ref>Wolfgang Saxon, Frederika, Greek Queen Mother; In Madrid Hospital as an Exile, ''The New York Times'', 7 February 1981</ref> ([[blepharoplasty]]), although a biographer has claimed the surgery was cataract removal.<ref>Van der Kiste, p.185</ref>

She was interred at [[Tatoi]] (the royal family's palace and burial ground in Greece). Her son and his family were allowed to attend the service but had to leave immediately afterwards.

==Honours==
{{Infobox hrhstyles|
image=[[Image:Coat of Arms of Frederica of Hanover.svg|80px]]|
royal name=Queen Frederica of Greece|
dipstyle=[[Majesty|Her Majesty]]|
offstyle=Your Majesty|}}

* Denmark: Knight of the [[Order of the Elephant]]<ref>Jørgen Pedersen: ''Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559–2009'', Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2009. {{ISBN|8776744345}}</ref>
* Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]<ref>[https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=32710 Sitio web del Quirinal]</ref>
* Thailand: Dame Grand Cordon with Chain of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri]]<ref>Royal Thai Government Gazette (28 December 1960). "แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์" (thajsky) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150405090654/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2508/D/113/3263.PDF Dostupné online]</ref>

==Ancestry==
{{See also|Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Christian IX}}
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Frederica of Hanover'''
|2= 2. [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]
|3= 3. [[Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia]]
|4= 4. [[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Thyra of Denmark]]
|6= 6. [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor]]
|7= 7. [[Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg|Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg]]
|8= 8. [[George V of Hanover]]
|9= 9. [[Marie of Saxe-Altenburg|Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg]]
|10= 10. [[Christian IX of Denmark]]
|11= 11. [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
|12= 12. [[Frederick III, German Emperor]]
|13= 13. [[Victoria, Princess Royal]]
|14= 14. [[Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg]]
}}

{{Clear}}

==See also==
* [[Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark]] – Lists members of European royalty sharing a mutual ancestor with Frederica of Hanover

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book | last = Divani | first = Lena | title = Ζευγάρια που έγραψαν την ιστορία της Ελλάδας | language = Greek | publisher = Patakis | year = 2019 | isbn = 978-960-16-8603-5 | url = {{Gbooks|H6S9EAAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} | chapter =ΠΑΥΛΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΡΕΙΔΕΡΙΚΗ: Η βασίλισσα που έγινε βασιλιάς }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Queen Frederica of Greece}}
*[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/07/obituaries/frederika-greek-queen-mother-in-madrid-hospital-as-an-exile.html ''New York Times'' obituary]
*Μιχάλης Φύλλας,«Επιστολές Τρικαλινών στη βασίλισσα Φρειδερίκη «Στηρίζω εις σας μεγαλειοτάτη όλας μου τας ελπίδας...», Θεσσαλικό Ημερολόγιο, τομ. 77 (2020), σελ.282-286. [https://www.academia.edu/44746561/_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B6%CF%89_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7_%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC_77_2020_%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB_282_286]
*Μιχάλης Φύλλας,«Επίκειται ο εξ ασιτείας θάνατός μου...». Όψεις της σαμιακής κοινωνίας στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του '60», Απόπλους, τχ.83 (Άνοιξη 2020), σελ.330-336 [https://www.academia.edu/45440655/_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%BF_%CE%B5%CE%BE_%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%8C%CF%88%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_60_%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%87_83_%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BE%CE%B7_2020_%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB_330_336]
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Hanover]]|18 April|1917|6 February|1981|[[House of Welf]]}}
{{s-roy|gr}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Elisabeth of Romania]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Queen consort of the Hellenes]]|years=1 April 1947 – 6 March 1964}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Anne-Marie of Denmark]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Hanoverian princesses}}
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{{Greek consorts}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frederica of Hanover}}
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