View source for Frank Gehry

{{Short description|Canadian and American architect (1929–2025)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Frank Gehry
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|CC|size=100%}} {{post-nominals|list=[[FAIA]]|size=100%}}
| image = Frank Gehry, Viljo Revell Centenary reception, 2010 (S2311 fl2969 it0089) (cropped).jpg
| image_size = <!-- If image is smaller than 250px -->
| caption = Gehry in 2010
| birth_name = Frank Owen Goldberg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1929|02|28}}
| birth_place = [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada
| death_date = {{death date and age|2025|12|05|1929|02|28}}
| death_place = [[Santa Monica, California]], U.S.
| citizenship = {{hlist|Canada|United States}}
| education = [[University of Southern California]] ([[B.Arch]])
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{Marriage|Anita Snyder|1952|1966|reason=divorced}}
* {{Marriage|Berta Isabel Aguilera|1975}}
}}
| children = 4
| awards = {{see below|{{slink||Awards and honors}}}}
| practice = Gehry Partners, LLP
| significant_buildings = [[List of works by Frank Gehry|List of works]]
| significant_projects =
| website = {{URL|foga.com}}
}}

'''Frank Owen Gehry''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɛər|i}} {{respell|GAIR|ee}}; {{ne|'''Goldberg'''}}; February 28, 1929 – December 5, 2025) was a Canadian and American architect and designer known for his [[Postmodern architecture|postmodern designs]] and use of unconventional forms and materials. A number of [[List of works by Frank Gehry|his buildings]], including [[Gehry Residence|his private residence]] in [[Santa Monica, California]], have become attractions. His most famous works include the [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]] in Spain, the [[Walt Disney Concert Hall]] in Los Angeles, and the [[Louis Vuitton Foundation]] in Paris. These buildings are characterized by their sculptural, often undulating exteriors and innovative use of materials such as titanium and stainless steel.

Gehry rose to prominence in the 1970s with his distinctive style that blended everyday materials with complex, dynamic structures. Gehry's approach to architecture was described as [[deconstructivist]], though he resisted categorization. His works are considered among the most important of [[contemporary architecture]] in the 2010 [[World Architecture Survey]], leading ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' to call him "the most important architect of our age".<ref name="VF Tyrnauer 2010">{{cite news |last= Tyrnauer |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Tyrnauer|title= Architecture in the Age of Gehry |url= https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-201008?currentPage=all |access-date= July 22, 2010 |newspaper= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date= June 30, 2010}}</ref>

Throughout his career, Gehry received numerous awards and honors, including the [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]] in 1989, considered the field's highest honor. He was also awarded the [[National Medal of Arts]] and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in the United States. Gehry's influence extends beyond architecture; he designed furniture, jewelry, liquor bottles, and other products.

==Early life==
[[File:Gehry House - Image02.jpg|thumb|[[Gehry Residence]] in [[Santa Monica]], California]]

Ephraim Owen Goldberg was born on February 28, 1929,<ref name=guardian-bio>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2007 |title=Great modern buildings: Frank Gehry biography |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2007/oct/08/architecture |access-date=June 23, 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref> at [[Toronto General Hospital]] in [[Toronto]], Ontario,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Goldberger |date=September 28, 2015 |title=Frank Gehry's first playground of the imagination |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/frank-gehry-s-first-playground-of-the-imagination/article_5542a09d-fa41-5662-814b-1b762b61d0d8.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |work=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Filler |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Filler |url=https://archive.org/details/makersofmodernar0000unse |title=Makers of Modern Architecture |publisher=New York Review Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-59017-227-8 |page=170 |oclc=82172814 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryarch00muri/ |title=Contemporary Architects |publisher=[[St. James Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=1-55862-182-2 |editor-last=Emanuel |editor-first=Muriel |edition=3rd |location= |pages=341–343 |oclc=30816307 |url-access=registration}}</ref> to parents Sadie Thelma (née Kaplanski/Caplan) and Irving Goldberg.<ref name="The Essential 1" /> His American father was born in New York City to [[Russian Jewish|Russian-Jewish]] parents, and his [[Polish-Jewish]] mother was an immigrant born in [[Łódź]].<ref name=fdnr1>''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', February 2, 2016, [[PBS]]</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= Green, Peter S. |url= http://isurvived.org/InTheNews/JewishMuseum-Poland.html |title=In the News: Warsaw Jewish Museum In Poland |date=June 30, 2005|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>Gorin, Abbott (Spring 2015) [https://jewishcurrents.org/a-golden-age-of-jewish-architects/ "A Golden Age of Jewish Architects"] ''[[Jewish Currents]]''. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</ref> A creative child, he was encouraged by his grandmother, Leah Caplan,<ref>Ouroussoff, Nicolai (October 25, 1998) [https://articles.latimes.com/1998/oct/25/magazine/tm-35829/2 "I'm Frank Gehry, and This Is How I See the World"]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-25-tm-35829-story.html  ''[[Los Angeles Times|Los Angeles Times Magazine]]''</ref> with whom he built little cities out of scraps of wood.<ref name=Templer>{{cite news| author=Templer, Karen |title=Frank Gehry| url=http://www.salon.com/1999/10/05/gehry/| newspaper =[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]| date=October 5, 1999 |access-date=August 25, 2007}}</ref> With these scraps from her husband's [[hardware store]], she entertained him for hours, building imaginary houses and futuristic cities on the living room floor.<ref name="The Essential 1" />

Gehry's use of [[corrugated steel]], [[chain-link fencing]], unpainted [[plywood]], and other utilitarian or "everyday" materials was partly inspired by spending Saturday mornings at his grandfather's hardware store. He spent time drawing with his father, and his mother introduced him to the world of art. "So the creative genes were there", Gehry said. "But my father thought I was a dreamer, I wasn't gonna amount to anything. It was my mother who thought I was just reticent to do things. She would push me."<ref>{{cite news |first1=Richard |last1=Lacayo |first2=Daniel S. |last2=Levy |title=Architecture: The Frank Gehry Experience |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 26, 2000 |volume=155 |issue=26 |page=64 |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997295,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105190123/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C997295%2C00.html |archive-date=January 5, 2013 |access-date=March 22, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was given the [[Hebrew name]] "Ephraim" by his grandfather, but used it only at his [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah|bar mitzvah]].<ref name="clear">{{Cite news |last1=Reinhart |first1=Anthony |date=July 28, 2010 |title=Frank Gehry clears the air on fishy inspiration |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/frank-gehry-clears-the-air-on-fishy-inspiration/article4353512/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731085207/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/toronto/frank-gehry-clears-the-air-on-fishy-inspiration/article1655311/ |archive-date=July 31, 2010 |id={{ProQuest|2385608064}}}}</ref> In 1954, Gehry changed his surname from Goldberg to Gehry, after his then-wife Anita expressed concern about [[antisemitism]].<ref name=Verge>{{cite magazine |last=Verge |first=Stéphanie |date=July 2022 |title=Frank Talk |url=https://torontolife.com/real-estate/frank-gehry-has-a-few-things-to-get-off-his-chest/ |magazine=[[Toronto Life]] |quote=Gehry's a phony name—I changed it in 1954 because my ex-wife was worried about antisemitism and thought it sounded less Jewish. |quote-page=55}}</ref>

Gehry and his family moved to the gold mining town of [[Timmins, Ontario]], in 1937 but moved back to Toronto after facing antisemitism.<ref name="Chretien"/>

===Education===
In 1947, Gehry's family emigrated to the United States, settling in California. He got a job driving a delivery truck and studied at [[Los Angeles City College]].<ref name="r123">{{cite web | title=Frank Gehry | website=USModernist Archives | url=https://www.usmodernist.org/gehry.htm | access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref>

Gehry stated,<blockquote>I was a [[truck driver]] in L.A., going to City College, and I tried radio announcing, which I wasn't very good at. I tried chemical engineering, which I wasn't very good at and didn't like, and then I remembered. You know, somehow I just started wracking my brain about, 'What do I like?' Where was I? What made me excited? And I remembered art, that I loved going to museums and I loved looking at paintings, loved listening to music. Those things came from my mother, who took me to concerts and museums. I remembered Grandma and the blocks, and just on a hunch, I tried some architecture classes.<ref name="achievement">{{cite web|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/#interview|title=Biography and Video Interview of Frank Gehry at Academy of Achievement|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]}}</ref> </blockquote>Gehry went on to graduate from the [[University of Southern California]]'s [[USC School of Architecture|School of Architecture]] in 1954, where his professors included [[William Pereira]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Hess, Alan |date=June 30, 2014 |title=Erasing Pereira |url=https://orangecoast.com/news/erasing-pereira |access-date=April 3, 2025 |publisher=Orange Coast Magazine}}</ref> During that time, he became a member of [[Alpha Epsilon Pi]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Engel, Eliot L. |date=August 2, 2013 |title=Congratulating the Alpha Epsilon Pi International Fraternity |url=https://votesmart.org/public-statement/804062/congratulating-the-alpha-epsilon-pi-international-fraternity |access-date=January 12, 2020 |publisher=Capitol Words}}</ref><ref>Schoenberg, Jeremy (January 18, 2011) [https://news.usc.edu/28496/architect-frank-gehry-named-judge-widney-professor/ "Architect Frank Gehry Named Judge Widney Professor"]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023154758/https://news.usc.edu/28496/architect-frank-gehry-named-judge-widney-professor/ |date=October 23, 2022 }} ''USC News''</ref>  He then spent time away from architecture in numerous other jobs, including service in the [[United States Army]].<ref name=Templer /> He moved his family to [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] in the fall of 1956, where he studied [[city planning]] at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Harvard Graduate School of Design|Graduate School of Design]] using the [[G.I. Bill|GI Bill]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank O. Gehry (1929 - 2025) - SCI-Arc |url=https://www.sciarc.edu/people/faculty/frank-o-gehry |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.sciarc.edu |language=en}}</ref> Gehry always expressed a [[socialist]] philosophy for architecture, something that was influenced by political views as he expressed a more leftist attitude to the world. These progressive ideas about socially responsible architecture were under-realized and not respected by his professors at Harvard, leaving him to feel disheartened and "underwhelmed".<ref name="Isenberg2012">{{cite book|last=Isenberg|first=Barbara|title=Conversations with Frank Gehry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d44jpzp3PzQC&pg=PA40|year=2012|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|pages=40–43|isbn=978-0-307-95972-0|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Gehry's distaste for the school culminated after he was invited by his architecture professor to engage in a discussion revolving around a "secret architectural project in progress", which was ultimately revealed to Gehry as a palace that he was designing for Cuban dictator [[Fulgencio Batista]].<ref name="The Essential 1">{{cite book|last=Chollet|first=Laurence B.|title=The Essential Frank O. Gehry|year=2001|publisher=The Wonderland Press|location=New York|isbn=0-8109-5829-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/essentialfrankog00laur/page/112 112]|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialfrankog00laur/page/112}}</ref><ref name="Ray">{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Debika |date=February 27, 2020 |title=As architect Frank Gehry turns 90 years old we look back at his prolific career |url=https://www.iconeye.com/architecture/architect-frank-gehry-turns-90 |access-date=December 19, 2024 |website=ICON Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:052607-006-Chiat-Day.jpg|thumb|[[Chiat/Day Building]] in [[Venice, California]] (1991)]]
[[File:DSC09338 Frank Gehry Siedlung Schwanheim Goldstein.jpg|thumb|Public housing in [[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Frankfurt-Schwanheim]] (1994)]]
[[File:Bilbao-Guggenheim-11 378.jpg|thumb|[[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]] (1997)]]
[[File:Beekman Tower fr BB jeh.jpg|thumb|upright|The tower at [[8 Spruce Street]] in Lower Manhattan, completed in 2010, has a stainless steel and glass exterior and is 76&nbsp;stories high (2010).]]
<!--[[File:Gehry Las Vegas.jpg|thumb|The [[Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health]] of the [[Cleveland Clinic]] in [[Las Vegas]], Nevada (2010)]]-->
[[File:New World Center - Image01.jpg|thumb|upright|[[New World Center]] in [[Miami Beach]], Florida (2011)]]
[[File:Fondation Louis Vuitton - Paris (50569906682).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Fondation Louis Vuitton]] (2016)]]
Gehry ultimately dropped out of his graduate program at Harvard University (where he studied urban planning) to start the furniture manufacturing company Easy Edges, which specialised in creating pieces with [[cardboard]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gehry Talks Inspiration for Acclaimed Buildings|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/11/16/gehry-talks-design-event/ |access-date=February 25, 2025 |website= The Harvard Crimson}}</ref><ref name="Ray" /><ref name=Templer />

He returned to Los Angeles to work for [[Victor Gruen Associates]], with whom he had apprenticed while at USC. In 1957, at age 28, he was given the chance to design his first private residence with friend and old classmate Greg Walsh. Construction was done by another neighbor across the street from his wife's family, Charlie Sockler. Built in [[Idyllwild–Pine Cove, California|Idyllwild, California]], for his wife Anita's family neighbor Melvin David, the over {{convert|2,000|sqft|abbr=on}} "David Cabin"<ref>{{cite web| last= Sisson| first= Patrick| date= August 21, 2015| url= http://www.curbed.com/2015/8/21/9928242/21-first-drafts-frank-gehrys-david-cabin| title= 21 First Drafts: Frank Gehry's David Cabin| work= [[Curbed]]| access-date= January 6, 2017| archive-date= January 7, 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170107095619/http://www.curbed.com/2015/8/21/9928242/21-first-drafts-frank-gehrys-david-cabin| url-status= dead}}</ref> shows features that were to become synonymous with Gehry's later work, including beams protruding from the exterior sides, vertical-grain douglas fir detail, and exposed unfinished ceiling beams. It also shows strong Asian influences, stemming from his earliest inspirations, such as the [[Shōsōin]] in [[Nara (city)|Nara, Japan]].<ref name="b544">{{cite web | last=Newhouse | first=Victoria | title=Frank Gehry's Japan | website=Architectural Digest | date=May 1, 2006 | url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/gehry-article-052006 | access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref>

In 1961, Gehry moved to Paris, where he worked for architect Andre Remonde.<ref>Goldberger (2015), pp.110–111<br />Lazo, Caroline Evensen (2006) ''Frank Gehry''. Twenty-First Century Books<br /> Hawthorne, Christopher (October 8, 2014) [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-paris-passion-for-all-things-gehry-20141008-column.html "In Paris, a Passion for All Things Frank Gehry"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref> In 1962, he established a practice in Los Angeles that became Frank Gehry and Associates in 1967,<ref name="Templer" /> then Gehry Partners in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gehry Partners, LLP :: Home |url=https://www.foga.com/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219203901/http://www.foga.com/ |archivedate=December 19, 2013 |website=www.foga.com}}</ref> His earliest commissions were in Southern California, where he designed a number of innovative commercial structures such as [[Santa Monica Place]] (1980) and residential buildings such as the eccentric Norton House (1984) in [[Venice, Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|last= Molloy| first= Jonathan C.|url=http://www.archdaily.com/337607/ad-classic-norton-house-frank-gehry/ |title=AD Classic: Norton House / Frank Gehry |website= ArchDaily.com |date=February 28, 2013 |access-date=May 25, 2013}}</ref>

Among these works, Gehry's most notable design may be the renovation of his own Santa Monica residence.<ref>{{cite news| last= Head| first= Jeffrey |date= October 21, 2009| url= http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/home_blog/2009/10/frank-gehry-the-houses-book-review-new-frank-gehry-book.html | title= Frank Gehry: The Houses| work= [[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Originally built in 1920 and purchased by Gehry in 1977, it features a metallic exterior wrapped around the original building that leaves many of the original details visible.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Gehry_House.html |title=Gehry House – Frank Gehry|work=GreatBuildings |publisher=Great Buildings Collection |access-date= June 3, 2010}}</ref> 

Other of Gehry's buildings completed during the 1980s include the [[Cabrillo Marine Aquarium]] (1981) in [[San Pedro, Los Angeles|San Pedro]], and the [[California Aerospace Museum]] (1984) at the [[California Science Center|California Museum of Science and Industry]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="k700">{{cite web | last=Bravinder | first=Tristan | title=10 Frank Gehry Buildings to See in L.A. | website=Getty | date=September 28, 2015 | url=https://www.getty.edu/news/10-frank-gehry-buildings-to-see-in-los-angeles/ | access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref>

In 1989, Gehry received the [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]], where the jury described him: "Always open to experimentation, he has as well a sureness and maturity that resists, in the same way that [[Picasso]] did, being bound either by critical acceptance or his successes. His buildings are juxtaposed collages of spaces and materials that make users appreciative of both the theatre and the back-stage, simultaneously revealed."<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.pritzkerprize.com/1989/jury |title= Jury Citation: Frank Gehry: 1989 Laureate| website= pritzkerprize.com| publisher= Pritzker Architecture Prize| year= 1989| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref>

Gehry continued to design other notable buildings in California, such as the [[Chiat/Day Building]] (1991) in Venice, in collaboration with [[Claes Oldenburg]], which is well known for its massive sculpture of binoculars.<ref>{{cite news|last=Verini|first=James|date=September 11, 2003|title=L.A.: Gehry's laboratory|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-sep-11-wk-cover11-story.html|access-date=May 14, 2011}}</ref> He also began receiving larger national and international commissions, including his first European commission, the [[Vitra (furniture)|Vitra International Furnitur]]e Manufacturing Facility and Design Museum in Germany, completed in 1989. It was soon followed by other major commissions including the [[Frederick Weisman Museum of Art]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.weisman.umn.edu/architecture/arch.html| title= Modeling the museum for 17 years| first= Hailey| last= Colwell| website= Weisman.UMN.edu| publisher= The Frederick Weisman Museum of Art, [[University of Minnesota]]| date= August 5, 2015| access-date= March 8, 2017| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060510153155/http://www.weisman.umn.edu/architecture/arch.html| archive-date= May 10, 2006}}</ref> (1993) in [[Minneapolis]], Minnesota; the [[Cinémathèque Française]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/americancenter/ |title= American Center, Paris| website= galinsky.com| date= 2010| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> (1994) in Paris, originally the American Center in Paris;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Architect March 2010 Page 80 |url=https://lscpagepro.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?m=11050&i=35348&p=82&ver=html5 |access-date=August 19, 2024 |website=lscpagepro.mydigitalpublication.com |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[Dancing House]] in Prague (1996).<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/dancinghouse/index.htm |title= Dancing House| website= galinsky.com| date= 2006| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref>

From 1994 to 1996 several buildings by Gehry for a public housing project were realized in Goldstein, part of [[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Frankfurt-Schwanheim]] (1994). In 1997, Gehry vaulted to a new level of international acclaim<ref name="VF Tyrnauer 2010"/> when the [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]] opened in [[Bilbao]], Spain. Hailed by ''[[The New Yorker]]'' as a "masterpiece of the 20th century", and by legendary architect [[Philip Johnson]] as "the greatest building of our time",<ref>{{cite news| last= Tyrnauer| first= Matt |author-link=Matt Tyrnauer|date= August 2010| url= https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-201008 |title= Architecture in the Age of Gehry| work= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]| access-date= March 27, 2012}}</ref> the museum became famous for its striking yet aesthetically pleasing design and its positive economic effect on the city.<ref name="Moore" />

From then on, Gehry regularly won major commissions and established himself as one of the world's most notable architects. His best-received works include several concert halls for classical music. The boisterous, curvaceous [[Walt Disney Concert Hall]] (2003) in [[downtown Los Angeles]] is the centerpiece of the neighborhood's revitalization; the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' called it "the most effective answer to doubters, naysayers, and grumbling critics an American architect has ever produced".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,995369,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909135523/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,995369,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 9, 2009| title=Windy City Redux| access-date=July 30, 2008| date= October 11, 2004| last= Roston| first= Eric| magazine= [[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Gehry also designed the open-air [[Jay Pritzker Pavilion]] (2004) in Chicago's [[Millennium Park]];<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/disneyhall/la-et-cm-disney-hall-hawthorne-dto,0,4655702.htmlstory#axzz2mxQkKZKD|title=Frank Gehry's Walt Disney Concert Hall is inextricably of L.A.|access-date=December 9, 2013|date=September 21, 2013| last= Hawthorne| first= Christopher| newspaper= Los Angeles Times}}</ref> and the understated [[New World Center]] (2011) in [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]], which the ''LA Times'' called "a piece of architecture that dares you to underestimate it or write it off at first glance".<ref name="lat-arch">{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2011-jan-24-la-et-gehry-miami-review-20110124-story.html | title=Architecture review: Frank Gehry's New World Center in Miami Beach | last= Hawthorne| first= Christopher | newspaper= Los Angeles Times | date=January 24, 2011}}</ref>

His other notable works include academic buildings such as the [[Stata Center]] (2004)<ref>{{cite web| url= http://web.mit.edu/facilities/construction/completed/stata.html |title= The Stata Center| publisher= Massachusetts Institute of Technology| website= MIT.edu| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], and the [[Peter B. Lewis]] Library (2008) at [[Princeton University]];<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S22/11/40O68/index.xml?section=featured| title= Architect Gehry seeks to inspire with Princeton's Lewis Library design| date= September 11, 2008| first= Cass| last= Cliatt| access-date= March 8, 2017| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170308002814/http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S22/11/40O68/index.xml?section=featured| archive-date= March 8, 2017| df= mdy-all}}</ref> museums such as the [[Museum of Pop Culture]] (2000) in [[Seattle]], Washington;<ref>{{cite web| title=Experience Music Project| url=http://www.fodors.com/world/north-america/usa/washington/seattle/review-105822.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818190523/http://www.fodors.com/world/north-america/usa/washington/seattle/review-105822.html |archive-date= August 18, 2010 |publisher=[[Fodors]] |access-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref> commercial buildings such as the [[IAC Building]] (2007) in New York City;<ref>{{cite news | last= Ouroussoff| first= Nicolai | author-link=Nicolai Ouroussoff | title=Gehry's New York Debut: Subdued Tower of Light | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/22/arts/design/22dill.html?hp | newspaper= [[The New York Times]] | date=March 22, 2007| access-date=August 25, 2007}}</ref> and residential buildings, such as Gehry's first skyscraper, the Beekman Tower at 8 Spruce Street (now known as [[8 Spruce]]) in New York City (2011).<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/arts/design/10beekman.html| newspaper= The New York Times | first=Nicolai| last=Ouroussoff | author-link=Nicolai Ouroussoff| title=8 Spruce Street by the Architect Frank Gehry&nbsp;– Review| date=February 9, 2011}}</ref>

Gehry's major international works include the [[Dr Chau Chak Wing Building]] at the [[University of Technology Sydney]], which was completed in late 2014<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Sydney finally gets its Gehry |url=https://architectureau.com/articles/sydney-finally-gets-its-gehry |access-date=December 7, 2025 |website=Architecture, Au}}</ref> and officially opened in February 2015. The A$180 million building, with its façade of more than 320,000 hand-placed bricks and glass slabs in "sweeping lines", was described as "10 out of 10" on a scale of difficulty.<ref name=Gilmore>{{cite news|last1=Gilmore|first1=Heath|title=Frank Gehry's Sydney building sculpture revealed|url=https://www.smh.com.au/nsw/frank-gehrys-sydney-building-sculpture-revealed-20140829-109vfe.html| access-date= August 30, 2014| newspaper= [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=August 30, 2014}}</ref> Gehry said he would not design a building like the "crumpled paper bag" again.<ref name= crumpled>{{cite news|agency=[[Australian Associated Press]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/feb/02/frank-gehry-says-his-uts-crumpled-paper-bag-building-wont-be-repeated|title=Frank Gehry says his 'crumpled paper bag' building will remain a one-off|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=February 2, 2015|access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref> Other of his projects include the [[Guggenheim Abu Dhabi]] on [[Saadiyat Island]] in the [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[Forma (Toronto)|Forma]] skyscraper project in his hometown of Toronto.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/2011/01/110126_saadiyat_island_nouvel_gehry.asp |title=Projects by Nouvel and Gehry Finally Moving Forward on Saadiyat Island|newspaper=[[Architectural Record]] |date=January 26, 2011 |access-date=August 30, 2011}}</ref> Other significant projects undertaken by Gehry such as a multi-decade renovation of the [[Philadelphia Art Museum]] were in the design stage. In October 2013, Gehry was appointed joint architect with [[Foster + Partners]] to design the High Street phase of the development of [[Battersea Power Station]] in London, Gehry's first project there.<ref>{{cite web| title= Superstar Architects Gehry and Foster to design Battersea Power Station's High Street| url=http://www.primeresi.com/superstar-architects-gehry-and-foster-to-design-battersea-power-stations-high-street/24772/ | date=October 23, 2013|website= PrimeResi.com| access-date=October 23, 2013}}</ref>

Some of Gehry's more prominent designs failed to go forward. In addition to unrealized designs for the [[Corcoran Art Gallery]] expansion in Washington, DC, and a new Guggenheim museum near the [[South Street Seaport]] in New York City, Gehry was notoriously dropped by developer [[Bruce Ratner]] from the [[Pacific Park, Brooklyn|Pacific Park]] redevelopment project in the New York City borough of [[Brooklyn]], and in 2014 as the designer of the [[Performing Arts Center (Manhattan)|World Trade Center Performing Arts Center]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/03/arts/music/questions-on-ground-zero-arts-center-left-unanswered.html |title=Arts Hub for All May Work for None |newspaper= The New York Times |date=December 7, 2013 |access-date=December 8, 2013 |first=Anthony |last=Tommasini| author-link=Anthony Tommasini}}</ref> Some stalled projects showed progress: After many years and a dismissal, Gehry was reinstated as architect for the [[Grand Avenue Project]] in Los Angeles, and though his controversial<ref>{{cite news| last=Pogrebin| first=Robin| author-link=Robin Pogrebin| title=Eisenhower as Barefoot Boy? Family Objects to a Memorial|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/arts/design/eisenhower-memorial-by-frank-gehry-draws-objections-from-family.html?pagewanted=all| newspaper= The New York Times |date=February 6, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last=Campbell| first=Robert| author-link=Robert Campbell (journalist)|title=Pressing Pause, for Cause, On the Eisenhower Memorial| url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2012/10/13/pressing-pause-for-cause-eisenhower-memorial/JaSFXQK3O8GX5GyOPzGKoL/story.html|newspaper=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kennicott|first=Philip| author-link=Philip Kennicott|title=Review: Frank Gehry's Eisenhower Memorial reinvigorates the genre|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/review-frank-gehrys-eisenhower-memorial-reinvigorates-the-genre/2011/12/13/gIQAAT4RwO_story.html| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]| access-date=April 24, 2012| date=December 17, 2011}}</ref> design of the National [[Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial]] in Washington, DC had numerous delays during the approval process with the [[United States Congress]], it was finally approved in 2014 with a modified design.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/architecture/national-capital-planning-commission-votes-to-approve-frank-gehrys-revised-ike-memorial-design_o.aspx|last=Gerfen|first=Katie|title=National Capital Planning Commission Votes to Approve Frank Gehry's Revised Ike Memorial Design|newspaper=ARCHITECT: The Magazine of the American Institute of Architects|date=October 2, 2014|access-date=October 4, 2014}}</ref><ref name=cfaapproval>{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/breaking_ground/2014/10/eisenhower-memorial-commission-enters-next-phase.html|title=Eisenhower Memorial Commission Enters Next Phase With Eye Toward 2015 Groundbreaking|newspaper=Washington Business Journal|date=October 16, 2014|access-date=October 17, 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, two significant, long-awaited museums designed by Gehry opened: the [[Biomuseo]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.visitpanama.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=312:biomuseo&Itemid=439&lang=en |title= The Biomuseo, the great works of Frank Gehry |website= VisitPanama.com |access-date= August 30, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120605154401/http://www.visitpanama.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=312:biomuseo&Itemid=439&lang=en |archive-date= June 5, 2012 |url-status= dead }}</ref> a biodiversity museum in [[Panama City]], Panama; and the [[Louis Vuitton Foundation|Fondation Louis Vuitton]],<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.collectortribune.com/2012/03/26/eliasson-show-due-to-open-pariss-louis-vuitton-museum/ |title=Eliasson show due to open Paris' Louis Vuitton museum |newspaper=Collector Tribune |date=March 26, 2012 |access-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arcspace.com/architects/gehry/vuitton/vuitton.html |title=Foundation Louis Vuitton: Frank Gehry |website=arcspace.com |date=January 8, 2007 |access-date=August 30, 2011 |archive-date=June 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618212815/http://www.arcspace.com/architects/gehry/vuitton/vuitton.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Riding |first=Alan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/03/arts/design/03arna.html?_r=1 |title= Vuitton Plans a Gehry-Designed Arts Center in Paris |newspaper= The New York Times |date=October 3, 2006 |access-date= August 30, 2011}}</ref> a modern art museum in the [[Bois de Boulogne]] park in Paris, France. Both opened to generally positive reviews.<ref>{{cite news| last= Kennicott| first=Philip| author-link=Philip Kennicott|title=Gehry's Paris Coup| url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/09/frank-gehry-foundation-louis-vuitton-paris| newspaper=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]| access-date=October 24, 2014|date=September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Philip Stevens |date=February 13, 2014 |title=panama biomuseo by frank gehry ready for grand opening |url=https://www.designboom.com/architecture/panama-biomuseo-by-frank-gehry-ready-for-grand-opening-02-13-2014/ |access-date=February 25, 2025 |website=designboom |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wainwright |first=Oliver |date=October 21, 2014 |title=Frank Gehry's Fondation Louis Vuitton shows he doesn't know when to stop |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/21/frank-gehry-fondation-louis-vuitton-shows-he-doesnt-know-when-to-stop |access-date=February 25, 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Also in 2014, Gehry was commissioned by [[River LA]] (formerly the [[Los Angeles River|Los Angeles River Revitalization Corporation]]), a nonprofit group founded by the city of Los Angeles in 2009 to coordinate river policy, to devise a wide-ranging new plan for the river.<ref name="Hawthorne">{{cite news| date= August 9, 2015| url= https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-et-la-river-notebook-20150809-story.html |title= Frank Gehry agreed to make over the L.A. River – with one big condition / How Frank Gehry's L.A. River make-over will change the city and why he took the job | last= Hawthorne| first= Christopher| newspaper= Los Angeles Times | access-date= March 8, 2017| url-status= live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150813232723/http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-et-la-river-notebook-20150809-story.html| archive-date= August 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-la-river-gehry-20160613-snap-story.html|title=Frank Gehry's controversial L.A. River plan gets cautious, low-key rollout|date=June 18, 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=July 27, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref>

Gehry told the French newspaper ''[[La Croix (newspaper)|La Croix]]'' in November 2016 that French president [[François Hollande]] had assured him he could relocate to France if [[Donald Trump]] was elected President of the United States.<ref>{{cite news| last= Dreyfus| first= Stéphane| date= November 4, 2016| url= http://www.la-croix.com/Culture/Frank-Gehry-lart-chitecte-2016-11-04-1200800773 | title= Frank Gehry, 'l'art-chitecte'| newspaper=La Croix}}</ref><ref name=Perlson>{{cite web| last= Perlson| first= Hili | date= November 15, 2016| url= https://news.artnet.com/art-world/trump-elected-frank-gehry-emigrate-france-748415 | title= With Trump Elected, Frank Gehry Wants to Move to France| work= Artnet News}}</ref> In December, Gehry said that he had no plans to move.<ref>{{cite news| last= La Rose| first= Lauren | date= December 3, 2016| url= https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/architect-frank-gehry-very-worried-about-donald-trump/ |title= Architect Frank Gehry 'very worried' about Donald Trump| agency= The Canadian Press| website= ctvnews.ca| place= Toronto| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> According to former Canadian prime minister [[Jean Chrétien]], Gehry considered moving back to Canada after Trump was elected to a subsequent term in 2024.<ref name="Chretien">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |title=Frank Gehry considered moving back to Canada after Trump's 2024 election, Chrétien says|work=Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-jean-chretien-canadian-architect-frank-gehry-death/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |date=December 6, 2025}}</ref>

Trump and Gehry had exchanged words in 2010 when Gehry's [[8 Spruce Street]], originally known as [[Beekman Tower (Gehry)|Beekman Tower]], was built {{convert|1|ft}} taller than the nearby [[40 Wall Street|Trump Building]], which until then was New York City's tallest residential building.<ref name=Perlson/><ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-donald-trump-frank-gehry-photo.html | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150814125100/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-donald-trump-frank-gehry-photo.html | url-status= dead | archive-date= August 14, 2015 |title= Donald Trump versus Frank Gehry| work= Los Angeles Times| date= 2016| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref>

Notable Gehry-designed buildings completed in the 2020s include the [[Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial]] in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]],<ref>{{cite news| date= August 5, 2020| url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/the-new-eisenhower-memorial-is-stunning-especially-at-night-but-is-this-the-last-of-the-great-man-memorials/2020/08/05/100eb90a-d665-11ea-aff6-220dd3a14741_story.html |title= The new Eisenhower Memorial is stunning, especially at night. But is this the last of the 'great man' memorials? | last= Kennicott| first= Philip| newspaper= Washington Post | access-date= September 19, 2021}}</ref> and the [[LUMA Arles]] museum in France.<ref>{{cite news| date= June 28, 2021| url= https://www.archpaper.com/2021/06/luma-arles-opens-in-frank-gehry-polarizing-centerpiece-tower/ |title= Luma Arles opens in Provence with all eyes on Frank Gehry's polarizing centerpiece | last= Hickman| first= Matt| newspaper= The Architect's Newspaper | access-date= September 19, 2021}}</ref> In 2021, noting Gehry's progress on an increasing number of significant projects in his hometown, including the Grand Avenue Project, a concert hall for the [[Youth Orchestra Los Angeles]], and an office building for [[Warner Bros.]], ''[[The Architect's Newspaper]]'' stated that "Seventy-four years after he moved there from his native Toronto, L.A. is looking more and more like Gehry Country."<ref>{{cite news| date= September 17, 2021| url= https://www.archpaper.com/2021/09/frank-gehry-los-angeles-only-now-coming-around-to-his-brand-of-wily-artistry/ |title= Frank Gehry moved to Los Angeles 75 years ago; it's only now coming around to his brand of wily artistry | last= Volner| first= Ian| newspaper= The Architect's Newspaper | access-date= September 19, 2021}}</ref>

== Architectural style ==
Said to "defy categorisation", Gehry's work reflects a spirit of experimentation coupled with a respect for the demands of professional practice, and remained largely unaligned with broader stylistic tendencies or movements.<ref name="Power-2015">{{Cite news |last=Power |first=Julie |date=February 6, 2015 |title=Frank Gehry: the Mad Hatter who transformed Sydney's skyline |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/frank-gehry-the-mad-hatter-who-transformed-sydneys-skyline-20150204-134rac.html |access-date=September 12, 2017 |newspaper=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> With his earliest educational influences rooted in [[modernism]], Gehry's work sought to escape modernist stylistic tropes while remaining interested in some of its underlying transformative agendas. Continually working between given circumstances and unanticipated materializations, he was assessed as someone who "made us produce buildings that are fun, sculpturally exciting, good experiences", although his approach might become "less relevant as pressure mounts to do more with less".<ref name="Power-2015" />

Gehry's style at times seemed unfinished or even crude, but his work was consistent with the California "[[Funk art|funk]]" art movement of the 1960s and early 1970s, which featured the use of inexpensive found objects and nontraditional media such as clay to make serious art.<ref name="achille.paris">{{cite web |date=May 28, 2015 |title=Frank Owen Gehry |url=http://www.achille.paris/en/argus/designer/97 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119154003/http://www.achille.paris/en/argus/designer/97 |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |access-date=September 14, 2015 |publisher=achille.paris }}</ref> His works always had at least some element of [[deconstructivism]];<ref name="WorldBuild365">{{cite web |date=March 29, 2017 |title=The weird architectural world of Frank Gehry |url=https://www.worldbuild365.com/blog/the-weird-architectural-world-of-frank-gehry-TUB4hF |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402180540/https://www.worldbuild365.com/blog/the-weird-architectural-world-of-frank-gehry-TUB4hF |archive-date=April 2, 2019 |access-date=October 19, 2018 |website=WorldBuild365 |language=en}}</ref> he was called "the apostle of chain-link fencing and corrugated metal siding".<ref>Adams, B. (1988) "Frank Gehry's Merzbau". ''[[Art in America]]'' 76: pp.139–144</ref> However, a retrospective exhibit at New York's [[Whitney Museum of American Art|Whitney Museum]] in 1988 revealed that he was also a sophisticated classical artist who knew European art history and contemporary sculpture and painting.<ref name="achille.paris" />

=== Design philosophy ===
Gehry described architecture as inherently sculptural, asserting, "I always thought that architecture was, by definition, a three-dimensional object, therefore [[sculpture]]."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilbert-Rolfe |first=Jeremy |date=2002 |title=Frank Gehry: The City and Music |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dADH1yXvyUkC&pg=PR9 |access-date=December 6, 2025 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |pages=iX–X |isbn=978-0-41-523995-0 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> This perspective reflected his commitment to blending artistic and architectural disciplines. Gehry's early work with sculptors influenced his experimental approach, which includes deconstructing traditional architectural forms and embracing ideas of flow and defamiliarization, akin to [[Viktor Shklovsky]]'s concept of "laying bare the device".<ref>{{Cite web |last=West |first=Adrian Nathan |date=September 15, 2016 |title=Both a Fish and an Ichthyologist: On Viktor Shklovsky's Diverse Achievement |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/fish-ichthyologist-viktor-shklovskys-diverse-achievement/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |publisher=Los Angeles Book Reviews}}</ref> <!--Critics often described his work as embodying [[structuralism]] rather than traditional [[Formalism (philosophy)|formalism.]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}} - sorry, I have no idea what this is supposed to mean, and it belongs in Reception. -->

Gehry's Jewish heritage and immigrant background shaped his architectural philosophy. He often reinterpreted traditional forms in ways that reflect his [[multicultural]] experience. His works were described as embodying "a critique of [[consumerism]]" by defying expectations of luxury and focusing on creativity.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last1=Isenberg |first1=Barbara S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cF5CivJnv2MC&dq=frank+gehry+facts&pg=PR9 |title=Conversations with Frank Gehry |last2=Gehry |first2=Frank O. |date=2009 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-26800-6 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><!-- For Gehry, architecture was not just about creating buildings but about crafting spaces that inspire and challenge societal norms.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}} - seems redundant to rest of article--><!--

A hallmark of Gehry's style was his innovative use of materials. He challenged architectural norms by incorporating unconventional elements such as corrugated steel, chain-link fencing, and plywood. His works are celebrated for their ''"raw aesthetic"''<ref name="auto3"/> that combines everyday materials in unexpected ways, creating structures that blur the line between functionality and artistry. These material choices also reflected a critique of luxury, emphasizing creativity over opulence.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}} – there will be sources, please add-->

===Gallery===
{{Cleanup gallery|date=December 2025}}
<gallery mode="packed" class="center" widths="200" heights="160px">
File:Frank Gehry - David Cabin, Idyllwild CA. 1957.jpg|David Cabin – [[Idyllwild–Pine Cove, California|Idyllwild]], CA (1957)
File:Merriweather Post Pavilion.jpg | [[Merriweather Post Pavilion]] – [[Columbia, Maryland]] (1967)
File:Former Rouse Headquaters.jpg| [[The Rouse Company|Former Rouse Headquarters]] – Columbia, Maryland (1974)
File:Barcelona Gehry Golden Fish 02.jpg|"El Peix", fish sculpture – [[Port Olímpic]], Barcelona (1992)
File:Energie-Forum-Innovation Bad-Oeynhausen. Frank O. Gehry.jpg|Energie-Forum-Innovation – [[Bad Oeynhausen]] (1995)
File:Case danzanti.jpg|[[Dancing House]] – Prague (1996)
File:Dus Hafen2.JPG|[[Neuer Zollhof]] - [[Düsseldorf]] (1998)
File:Aerial view of EMPSFM.jpg|[[Museum of Pop Culture]] – [[Seattle]] (2000)
File:Gehry-Tower office building Goethestrasse Reuterstrasse Mitte Hannover Germany.jpg|[[Gehry Tower]] – [[Hanover]] (2001)
File:Peter B. Lewis Bldg.JPG|[[Weatherhead School of Management]] – [[Cleveland]], Ohio (2002)
File:Disney Concert Hall by Carol Highsmith edit2.jpg|[[Walt Disney Concert Hall]] – Los Angeles (2003)
File:Bard College Fisher Center front view.jpg|[[Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts|Richard B. Fisher Center]] – [[Annandale-on-Hudson, New York]] (2003)
File:MIT Campus.jpg|[[Stata Center]] – Cambridge, Massachusetts (2004)
File:Jay Pritzker Pavilion in Millennium Park.jpg|[[Jay Pritzker Pavilion]] - Chicago (2004)
File:BP Bridge.jpg|[[BP Pedestrian Bridge]] – Chicago (2004)
File:Herford MARTa 88.jpg|[[MARTa Herford]] (2005)
File:Elciego3.jpg|[[Marqués de Riscal Hotel]] – [[Elciego]] (2006)
File:Edificio IAC InterActiveCorp.JPG|[[IAC (company)|IAC]] headquarter – [[Manhattan]], New York (2007)
File:AGO at dusk.jpg|[[Art Gallery of Ontario]] – [[Toronto]] (2008)
File:Gehry Las Vegas.jpg|[[Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health|Lou Ruvo Center]] – [[Las Vegas]] (2010)
File:Gallery AfricanAmerican.jpg|[[Ohr-O'Keefe Museum Of Art]] – [[Biloxi, Mississippi]] (2010)
File:Toledo Museum of Art Center for Visual Arts.jpg |[[Toledo Museum of Art]] – [[Toledo, Ohio]] (2013)
File:Dr Chau Chak Wing Building from The Goods Line (27438092220).jpg|[[Dr Chau Chak Wing Building]] – Sydney (2014)
File:Biomuseo panama.jpg|[[Biomuseo]] – Panama City (2014)
File:The Grand and Conrad DTLA.jpg| The Grand and Conrad hotel – Los Angeles (2024)
</gallery>

==Academia and design career==

===Academia===
In January 2011, Gehry joined the University of Southern California (USC) faculty, as the [[Robert M. Widney|Judge Widney]] Professor of Architecture.<ref>{{cite web |work= USC News |title= Architect Frank Gehry Named Judge Widney Professor (press release) |url= http://uscnews.usc.edu/university/architect_frank_gehry_named_judge_widney_professor.html |date= January 18, 2011 |access-date= January 18, 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110122084702/http://uscnews.usc.edu/university/architect_frank_gehry_named_judge_widney_professor.html |archive-date= January 22, 2011 |df= mdy-all}}</ref> He continued in this role at his alma mater. He also held teaching positions at [[Harvard University]], the [[University of California at Los Angeles]], the [[University of Toronto]], [[Columbia University]], the [[Federal Institute of Technology]] in [[Zürich]], and at [[Yale University]].<ref>[http://architecture.yale.edu/faculty/frank-o-gehry "Frank O. Gehry"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218123105/http://architecture.yale.edu/faculty/frank-o-gehry |date=February 18, 2017 }} [[Yale School of Architecture]] website</ref>

Though he was often referred to as a "[[starchitect]]", he repeatedly expressed his disdain for the term, insisting he was only an architect.<ref name="Archdaily"/><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/architecture/frank-gehry-dont-call-me-a-starchitect-1842870.html |title= Frank Gehry: 'Don't Call Me a Starchitect' |newspaper= [[The Independent]] |date= December 17, 2009 |access-date= December 8, 2013 |archive-date= June 21, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170621183522/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/architecture/frank-gehry-dont-call-me-a-starchitect-1842870.html |url-status= dead }}</ref><!-- [[Steven B. Sample|Steve Sample]], [[President of the University of Southern California]], told Gehry that "...After [[George Lucas]], you are our most prominent graduate".{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}-->

In February 2017, [[MasterClass]] announced an online architecture course taught by Gehry that was released July of that year.<ref>{{cite news |author= Kaller, Hadlet |title= Now Anyone Can Take a Class with Frank Gehry |url= http://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/master-class-with-frank-gehry |date= February 17, 2017 |newspaper = [[Architectural Digest]]|access-date= March 18, 2017}}</ref>

===Exhibition design===
Gehry was involved in exhibition designs at the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] dating back to the 1960s. In 1965, Gehry designed the exhibition display for the "Art Treasures of Japan" exhibition at the LACMA. This was followed soon after by the exhibition design for the "Assyrian Reliefs" show in 1966 and the "[[Billy Al Bengston]] Retrospective" in 1968. The LACMA then had Gehry design the installation for the "Treasures of Tutankhamen" exhibition in 1978 followed by the "Avant-Garde in Russia 1910–1930" exhibition in 1980. The subsequent year, Gehry designed the exhibition for "Seventeen Artists in the '60s" at the LACMA, followed soon after by the "German Expressionist Sculpture Exhibition" in 1983. In 1991–92, Gehry designed the installation of the landmark exhibition "Degenerate Art: The Fate of the Avant-Garde in Nazi Germany", which opened at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and traveled to the [[Art Institute of Chicago]], the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in Washington, and the [[Altes Museum]] in Berlin.<ref>Muchnic, Suzanne (February 6, 1992), [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-06-ca-1904-story.html "LACMA 'Degenerate' Exhibit to Make a Stop in Germany"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref><ref>Wilson, William (February 15, 1991) [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-02-15-ca-1169-story.html "Revisiting the Unthinkable: Nazi Germany's 'Degenerate Art' Show at LACMA"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref> Gehry was asked to design an exhibition on the work of [[Alexander Calder]] at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's Resnick Pavilion, again invited by the museum's curator Stephanie Barron.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fleishman|first=Jeffrey|date=February 28, 2014|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-frank-gehry-calder-lacma-20140302-story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303104951/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-frank-gehry-calder-lacma-20140302,0,3478820,full.story|title=Frank Gehry and Alexander Calder, a captivating union at LACMA|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url-status=live|archive-date=March 3, 2014}}</ref>

In addition to his long-standing involvement with exhibition design at the LACMA, Gehry also designed numerous exhibition installations with other institutions. In 1998, "[[The Art of the Motorcycle]]" exhibition opened at the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] with its installation designed by Gehry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCraw |first=Jim |title=Art That Stands on Its Own 2 Wheels |periodical=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 10, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/10/automobiles/art-that-stands-on-its-own-2-wheels.html }}</ref>

In 2014, he curated an exhibition of photography by his close friend and businessman [[Peter Arnell]] that ran from March 5 through April 1 at Milk Studios Gallery in Los Angeles.<ref name="artinfo">{{cite news |url=http://blogs.artinfo.com/objectlessons/2014/03/10/when-architects-curate-frank-gehrys-peter-arnell-retrospective-at-milk-studios-has-a-personal-touch/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415013631/http://blogs.artinfo.com/objectlessons/2014/03/10/when-architects-curate-frank-gehrys-peter-arnell-retrospective-at-milk-studios-has-a-personal-touch/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 15, 2014 |title=When Architects Curate: Frank Gehry's Peter Arnell Retrospective at Milk Studios &#124; Object Lessons |publisher=Blouin Artinfo |access-date=September 14, 2015 }}</ref>

===Stage design===
In 1983, Gehry created the stage design for [[Lucinda Childs]]' dance ''Available Light'', set to music by [[John Adams (composer)|John Adams]]. It premiered at the [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles]], at the Temporary Contemporary, and was subsequently seen at the [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]] opera house in New York City and the [[Theatre de la Ville]] in Paris. The set consisted of two levels angled in relation to each other, with a chain-link backdrop.<ref>Lazar, Julie (1983) "Interview: Frank Gehry" in ''Available Light'' [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles]]. {{ISBN|0-914357-01-8}}</ref> The piece was revived in 2015,<ref>Lazar, Julie (June 3, 2015) [https://www.kcet.org/shows/artbound/available-light-returns-to-the-stage-after-three-decades "'Available Light' Returns to the Stage After Three Decades"] [[KCET]]</ref> and was performed, among other places, in Los Angeles and Philadelphia, where it was presented by FringeArts, which commissioned the revival.<ref>[http://fringearts.com/event/available-light/#description "Available Light"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220161654/http://fringearts.com/event/available-light/#description |date=December 20, 2016 }} FringeArts</ref>

In 2003, Gehry designed the scene for the American premiere of Janáček's ''[[Osud]]'' at the Gehry-designed Fisher Center at Bard College.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Midgette |first1=Anne |title=Opera review: Janacek's Search for Art in Real Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/arts/opera-review-janacek-s-search-for-art-in-real-life.html|work=The New York Times |date=July 29, 2003 |access-date=April 3, 2025}}</ref> In 2012, Gehry designed the set for the [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]]'s opera production of Mozart's ''[[Don Giovanni]]'', performed at the Walt Disney Concert Hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-frank-gehry-don-giovanni-20120520-story.html|title=A look at Frank Gehry's set for 'Don Giovanni' at L.A. Phil|first=David|last= Ng|date=May 21, 2012|accessdate=December 5, 2025|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> In April 2014, Gehry designed a set for an "exploration of the life and career of [[Pierre Boulez]]" by the [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]], which was performed in November of that year.<ref name="broadwayworld">{{cite web| date=April 23, 2014|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwclassical/article/Architect-Frank-Gehry-to-Create-Set-Design-for-Chicago-Symphony-Orchestra-Focused-on-Pierre-Boulez-20140423#.U1x9fI57SxI |title=Architect Frank Gehry to Create Set Design for Chicago Symphony Orchestra Focused on Pierre Boulez|website=Broadway World|access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref>

===Other designs===
[[File:Ngv design, frank o. gehry, wiggle side chair, 1972.JPG|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Wiggle side chair]]
In addition to architecture, Gehry made a line of furniture for [[Knoll, Inc.|Knoll]] and for [[Heller Furniture]], jewelry for [[Tiffany & Co.]], various household items, sculptures, and even a glass bottle for [[Wyborowa|Wyborowa Vodka]]. His first line of furniture, produced from 1969 to 1973, was called "[[Easy Edges]]", constructed out of [[Cardboard (paper product)|cardboard]]. Another line of furniture released in the spring of 1992 is "[[Bentwood Furniture]]". Each piece is named after a different [[ice hockey]] term. He was first introduced to making furniture in 1954 while serving in the [[U.S.&nbsp;Army]], where he designed furniture for enlisted soldiers.<ref name=Templer/><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2023 |title=West Los Angeles VA breaks ground on 374 units with help from Frank Gehry |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/06/27/west-los-angeles-va-breaks-ground-on-374-units-with-help-from-frank-gehry/ |access-date=February 25, 2025 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Dinah |title=Architect Frank Gehry: How I Got Started |url=https://fortune.com/2018/10/26/frank-gehry-architect-interview/ |access-date=February 25, 2025 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref>

In many of his designs, Gehry was inspired by [[fish]]. "It was by accident I got into the fish image", claimed Gehry. One thing that sparked his interest in fish was the fact that his colleagues were recreating [[Greek temples]]. He said, "Three hundred million years before man was fish....if you gotta go back, and you're insecure about going forward...go back three hundred million years ago. Why are you stopping at the Greeks? So, I started drawing fish in my sketchbook, and then I started to realize that there was something in it."<ref>[[Sydney Pollack|Pollack, Sydney]] (dir.) (1985) ''[[American Masters]]: Sketches of Frank Gehry'' [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/gehry_pop/fish.html (TV documentary)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616132713/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/gehry_pop/fish.html |date=June 16, 2017 }} [[PBS]]. access-date=2008-11-17</ref>

As a result of his fascination, the first Fish Lamps were fabricated between 1984 and 1986. They employed wire armatures molded into fish shapes, onto which shards of plastic laminate ColorCore are individually glued. Since the creation of the first lamp in 1984, the fish has become a recurrent motif in Gehry's work, most notably in the ''Fish Sculpture'' at [[La Vila Olímpica del Poblenou]] in Barcelona (1989–92) and ''Standing Glass Fish'' for the [[Minneapolis Sculpture Garden]] (1986).<ref>[http://www.gagosian.com/exhibitions/frank-gehry--november-07-2013 "Frank Gehry: Fish Lamps, November 7 – December 21, 2013"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111140419/http://www.gagosian.com/exhibitions/frank-gehry--november-07-2013 |date=November 11, 2013 }} [[Gagosian Gallery]], London</ref>
[[File:Frank gehry per alessi spa., bollitore pito, 1988.jpg|thumb|Gehry-designed kettle, presented in the [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]]]]
Gehry collaborated with luxury jewelry company Tiffany & Co., creating six distinct jewelry collections: the Orchid, Fish, Torque, Equus, Axis, and Fold collections. In addition to jewelry, Gehry designed other items, including a distinctive collector's chess set and a series of tableware items, including vases, cups, and bowls for the company.<ref name="gizmodo">{{cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/5905941/frank-gehrys-tiffany-chess-set-is-a-miniature-architectural-marvel |title=Frank Gehry's Tiffany Chess Set Is a Miniature Architectural Marvel |website=[[Gizmodo]] |date=April 28, 2012 |access-date=September 14, 2015 |archive-date=July 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705203149/http://gizmodo.com/5905941/frank-gehrys-tiffany-chess-set-is-a-miniature-architectural-marvel |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2004, Gehry designed the official trophy for the [[World Cup of Hockey]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Frank Gehry's World Cup of Hockey Trophy |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3888076 |access-date= October 24, 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first= Noah |last=Adams |date= September 3, 2004}}</ref> He redesigned the trophy for the next tournament in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|author=Seravalli, Frank| url=https://www.tsn.ca/world-cup-of-hockey-trophy-gets-facelift-1.574820 |title=World Cup of Hockey Trophy Gets a Facelift |newspaper=[[The Sports Network]]|access-date=March 16, 2017}}</ref>

He collaborated with American furniture manufacturer [[Emeco]] on designs such as the 2004 "Superlight" chair.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Superlight chair |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/2005.168/ |access-date=October 19, 2022 |website=SFMOMA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Emeco Designers – Frank Gehry |url=https://www.emeco.net/about/design/frank-gehry |access-date=October 19, 2022 |website=Emeco Industries Inc.}}</ref>

In 2014, Gehry was one of the six "iconoclasts" selected by French fashion house Louis Vuitton to design a piece using their iconic monogram pattern as part of their "Celebrating Monogram" campaign.<ref name="monogram">{{cite web |url= http://celebrating.monogram.lv/eng_US/ |title= Louis Vuitton: Celebrating Monogram Project |publisher= celebrating.monogram.lv |access-date= September 14, 2015 |archive-date= June 22, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150622053742/http://celebrating.monogram.lv/eng_US/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>

In 2015, Gehry designed his first yacht.<ref>{{cite news |title= Frank Gehry's First-Ever Yacht Looks Like Nothing You've Ever Seen |url= http://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/sporting/news/a3650/gehry-yacht-foggy/| access-date= October 13, 2015 |work= [[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |first= Vicky |last= Ward | author-link=Vicky Ward|date= October 5, 2015}}</ref>

In 2020, Gehry designed a limited edition bottle of [[Hennessy]] cognac.<ref>{{cite news |title= Frank Gehry forges crinkled gold bottle to mark 150th anniversary of Hennessy X.O |url= https://www.dezeen.com/2020/09/25/hennessy-x-o-150th-anniversary-frank-gehry-bottle/| access-date= September 19, 2021 |work= Dezeen |first= Tom |last= Ravenscroft | author-link=Vicky Ward|date= September 25, 2020}}</ref>

===Software development===
Gehry's firm was responsible for innovation in architectural [[software]].<ref name="NYT2009">{{cite news | title=New York Times: Frank Gehry's Software Keeps Buildings on Budget |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/11/business/11gehry.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | access-date= December 13, 2012 |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] |first=Alec |last= Appelbaum | date= February 10, 2009}}</ref> His firm spun off another firm called Gehry Technologies that was established in 2002. In 2005, Gehry Technologies began a partnership with [[Dassault Systèmes]] to bring innovations from the aerospace and manufacturing world to AEC and developed [[Digital Project]] software, as well as GTeam software.  The 3D modelling and project management features of this software were effective in implementing Gehry's novel and complex designs under budget.  For example, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao was completed for $3M less than its budget of $100M.<ref name="NYT2009" />  In 2014, Gehry Technologies was acquired by software company [[Trimble Navigation]].<ref>Ferro, Shaunacy (September 11, 2014), [http://www.fastcodesign.com/3035628/fast-feed/frank-gehrys-software-company-acquired Frank Gehry's Software Company Acquired] ''[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]''.</ref><ref name="o540">{{cite web | title=Trimble Acquires Gehry Technologies | website=World-Architects | url=https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/headlines/trimble-acquires-gehry-technologies | access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref><!-- Its client list includes [[Diller Scofidio + Renfro]], [[Herzog & de Meuron]], [[Jean Nouvel]], [[Coop Himmelb(l)au]], and [[Zaha Hadid]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}-->

==Personal life and death==
Gehry became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1951, several years after he and his family moved to Los Angeles.<ref name=LATobit/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=Susan P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IlONAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA205 |title=Displays!: Dynamic Design Ideas for Your Library Step by Step |publisher=McFarland |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-7864-8707-3 |pages=205 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> He lost his [[Canadian citizenship]]  as [[dual citizenship]] was not an option at the time. Prime Minister [[Jean Chrétien]] restored Gehry's Canadian citizenship in 2002.<ref name="Chretien"/> He lived in [[Santa Monica, California]], and practiced out of Los Angeles.<ref>[https://archinect.com/gehry "Gehry Partners, LLP"] Archinect</ref> Having grown up in Canada, he was an avid fan of [[ice hockey]]. He began a hockey league, FOG (for Frank Owen Gehry), in his office, and continued to play the game until around the age of 80.<ref name=goldberger>Goldberger (2015)</ref><ref name=Verge/> In 2004, he designed the trophy for the [[World Cup of Hockey]].<ref>Baurick, Tristan (May 13, 2004). "Architect's love of the game inspiration behind Cup trophy", ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', p. C2.</ref> 

In 1952, Gehry married Anita Snyder; in 1966, they were divorced.<ref name=guardian-bio /> In 1975, he married Berta Aguilera.<ref name=guardian-bio /><ref name=NYTobit/> 

Gehry was known for his occasional bad temper. During a trip to [[Oviedo]] to accept the [[Prince of Asturias Award]] in October 2014, he received a significant amount of attention, both positive and negative, for publicly [[The finger|flipping off]] a reporter at a press conference who accused him of being a "showy" architect.<ref>{{cite news |last= Schledahl |first=Peter |title= Frank Gehry's Digital Defiance |url= https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/frank-gehry-digital-defiance| access-date= October 27, 2014 |newspaper= [[The New Yorker]] |date= October 27, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McKenny |first= Leesha |title= Frank Gehry gives the finger in response to accusations of "showy architecture" | url= https://www.smh.com.au/nsw/frank-gehry-gives-the-finger-in-response-to-accusations-of-showy-architecture-20141027-11cbkg.html| access-date= October 27, 2014 |newspaper= [[Sydney Morning Herald]] |date= October 27, 2014}}</ref>

He was a member of the California Yacht Club in [[Marina Del Rey, California|Marina Del Rey]], and enjoyed sailing with his fiberglass-hulled yacht, ''Foggy''.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |author= Browne, Alix |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/19/style/tmagazine/19boats.html| title=Love for Sail| newspaper= [[The New York Times]]| date= April 19, 2009 |access-date= September 14, 2015}}</ref>

Gehry died from a respiratory condition at his home in Santa Monica, on December 5, 2025, at the age of 96.<ref name="NYTobit">{{cite news |last=Ouroussoff |first=Nicolai |date=December 6, 2025 |title=An Exuberant Disrupter of Architectural Forms, Frank O. Gehry, 1929–2025 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/05/arts/design/frank-gehry-dead.html |url-access=limited |accessdate=December 5, 2025 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |pages=A1, A12-A13 |language=en-US |volume=175 |issue=60725 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==
In 2014, Gehry co-founded Turnaround Arts: California, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that expands access to the arts in under-resourced public elementary and middle schools across California.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=April 13, 2021 |title='What Would I Do?' Frank Gehry, 92, Is Too Busy to Retire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/13/arts/design/frank-gehry.html?unlocked_article_code=1.3U4.vWi2.khdSuaNhw-83&smid=url-share |access-date=March 12, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Gehry |first1=Frank |last2=Shriver |first2=Malissa Feruzzi |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Our Kids Need Arts Education Now More Than Ever |url=https://time.com/5923031/arts-education/ |access-date=March 12, 2025 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref> In addition to serving as a board member for the organization, Gehry served as a visiting artist with students.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perrottet |first=Tony |date=April 24, 2019 |title=At 90, Frank Gehry Is Juggling More Than Ever |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-90-frank-gehry-is-juggling-more-than-ever-11556109269 |access-date=March 12, 2025 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> He also served on the leadership council of the [[New York Stem Cell Foundation]].<ref name="nyscf">{{cite web |url= https://nyscf.org/about-us/boards-councils/leadership-council |title= Leadership Council |publisher= New York Stem Cell Foundation |access-date= September 14, 2015 |archive-date= May 19, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150519041205/http://nyscf.org/about-us/boards-councils/leadership-council |url-status= dead }}</ref>

Gehry also donated his time to design projects [[pro bono]]. In 2014, he began pro bono work with the L.A. River Revitalization Corp., a nonprofit group founded by the city, to develop the LA River Master Plan.<ref name="Hawthorne" /> In 2015, he unveiled his design, for which he waived his design fee, for the Children's Institute in Watts, an LA-based social services organization that provides services to families who have experienced violence and poverty.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miranda |first1=Carolina |title=A Gehry First: The architect sets his sights on Watts in a pro bono project that bridges his design skills and philanthropy. It was completed in 2022. |work=The Los Angeles Times |date=September 12, 2015}}</ref> The Youth Orchestra Los Angeles (YOLA), which is an educational center and performance space that provides free instruments, music training, and academic support to students from disadvantaged neighborhoods, was also designed pro bono by Gehry and was completed in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bernstein |first1=Fred |title=Frank Gehry Transforms a Former Bank Building in Inglewood for the Youth Orchestra of Los Angeles: The project marks the latest pro bono gig for the starchitect |work=Architectural Digest |publisher=Condé Nast |date=August 11, 2021}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Gehry is considered one of the most influential figures in American architecture, and one of the most influential architects in the 20th century.<ref name="Guardian obit">{{cite news|last=Horton|first=Adrien|date=December 5, 2025|title=Frank Gehry, legendary Canadian-American architect, dies aged 96|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2025/dec/05/frank-gehry-dead|access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Newsweek obit">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=Hannah|date=December 5, 2025|title=Frank Gehry Dead At 96: Renowned Architect Dies At Home After Brief Illness|newspaper=Newsweek|url=https://www.newsweek.com/frank-gehry-death-architect-buildings-guggenheim-bilbao-11165824|access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'', in their obituary, called Gehry "the most recognizable American architect since [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]", and stated that he "influenced the course of world architecture at least twice" with "his informal ad hoc aesthetic" in the 1970s and his use of computers in the 1990s.<ref name="Guardian obit"/> He was called a "Titan of Architecture" by ''[[The New York Times]]'' in their obituary of him and was credited for designing some of the world's most recognizable buildings.<ref name=NYTobit/> ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'' described Gehry as an architect who "transformed Los Angeles' urban landscape".<ref name=LATobit>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2025-12-05/frank-gehry-architect-dead-disney-hall|title=Frank Gehry, masterful architect who transformed L.A.'s urban landscape, dies at 96|work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 5, 2025|accessdate=December 5, 2025}}</ref> After his death, [[Mark Carney]], the Prime Minister of Canada, said that "his unmistakable vision lives on in iconic buildings around the world."<ref name=BBCobit/>

Gehry was said to have been one of the first architects to "grasp the liberating potential of computer design".<ref name=NYTobit/> He was also the progenitor of the "[[Bilbao effect]]", referring to a museum that he built which revitalized the economy of the city of [[Bilbao]].<ref name="Moore"/> The [[BBC]] noted that Gehry's redesign of his own Santa Monica home using chain-link fencing, plywood and corrugated steel materials is what "built his daring reputation".<ref name=BBCobit>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y2p22z9gno|title=Legendary architect Frank Gehry dies aged 96|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=December 5, 2025|accessdate=December 5, 2025}}</ref>

===Bilbao effect===
[[File:Museo Guggenheim, Bilbao (31273245344).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]]]]

The term "[[Starchitect#The Bilbao effect|Bilbao effect]]" emerged in urban planning to describe the transformative impact of Gehry's architecture. His design for the [[List of Guggenheim Museums|Guggenheim Museum]] in [[Bilbao]] revitalized the city, serving as a prime example of how architecture can drive economic and cultural renewal. The museum's dramatic curves and shimmering [[titanium]] panels are defining features of Gehry's style, emphasizing movement and fluidity.<ref name="Moore">{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Rowan |date=October 1, 2017 |title=The Bilbao effect: how Frank Gehry's Guggenheim started a global craze |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/oct/01/bilbao-effect-frank-gehry-guggenheim-global-craze |access-date=February 25, 2025 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bilbao Effect : How the Design of a Museum Transformed The Economy of The City |url=https://www.snaptrude.com/blog/the-bilbao-effect-how-the-design-of-a-museum-transformed-the-economy-of-the-city |access-date=February 25, 2025 |website=www.snaptrude.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=January 1, 2023 |title=How Frank Gehry Delivers On Time and On Budget |url=https://hbr.org/2023/01/how-frank-gehry-delivers-on-time-and-on-budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906230759/https://hbr.org/2023/01/how-frank-gehry-delivers-on-time-and-on-budget |archive-date=September 6, 2024 |access-date=February 25, 2025 |work=Harvard Business Review |url-status=live }}</ref> 

After the phenomenal success of Gehry's design for the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, critics began referring to the economic and cultural revitalization of cities through iconic, innovative architecture as the "Bilbao effect".<ref>{{cite news| author-link= Witold Rybczynski| last= Rybczynski| first= Witold | date= September 2002| title= The Bilbao Effect| url= https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2002/09/the-bilbao-effect/302582/| work= [[The Atlantic]]| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> In the first 12 months after the museum was opened, an estimated US$160&nbsp;million was added to the Basque economy. As of 2014, over $3.5 billion was added to the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque]] economy since the building opened.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2014/12/25/bilbaos-economy-purrs-from-effect-of-guggenheim-museum/ | work= [[Jewish Business News]]| title= Bilbao's Economy Purrs From Effect of Guggenheim Museum| first= Eli| last= Horn| date= December 25, 2014| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> In subsequent years there have been many attempts to replicate this effect through large-scale eye-catching architectural commissions that have been both successful and unsuccessful, such as [[Daniel Libeskind]]'s expansion of the [[Denver Art Museum]] and buildings by Gehry himself, the almost universally well-received Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, and the more controversial [[Museum of Pop Culture]] in Seattle.<ref>{{cite news| last= Rybczynski| first= Witold| date= November 22, 2008| url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122731149503149341 |title= When Buildings Try Too Hard| work= [[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Though some link the concept of the Bilbao effect to the notion of starchitecture, Gehry consistently rejected the label of a [[starchitect]].<ref name="Archdaily">{{cite web|url= http://www.archdaily.com/455368/frank-gehry-i-m-not-a-starchitect/ |title= Frank Gehry: 'I'm Not a Starchitect' |website= Archdaily.com |date= December 8, 2013 |first= James |last= Taylor-Foster| access-date= December 8, 2013}}</ref>

===In popular culture===
In 2004, Gehry voiced himself in an episode of the children's TV&nbsp;show ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' called "Castles in the Sky", where he helped Arthur and his friends design a new [[treehouse]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Booth |first=John |url= https://www.wired.com/geekdad/2011/10/arthur/|title= The 15 Geekiest Episodes of PBS's Arthur |magazine= [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date= October 10, 2011| access-date=August 14, 2013}}</ref> He also voiced himself in a 2005 episode of ''[[The Simpsons]],'' "[[The Seven-Beer Snitch]]", where he designs a concert hall for the fictional city of [[Springfield (The Simpsons)|Springfield]]. He later said he regretted the appearance, as it included a joke about his design technique that has led people to misunderstand his architectural process.<ref name=Chaban>{{cite news |last=Chaban |first= Matt |title= Frank Gehry Really, Really Regrets His Guest Appearance on The Simpsons| url= https://observer.com/2011/09/frank-gehry-regrets-his-guest-appearance-the-simpsons/| access-date=September 10, 2011 |newspaper= [[The New York Observer]] |date= September 5, 2011}}</ref>

In 2006, filmmaker [[Sydney Pollack]] made a documentary about Gehry's work, ''[[Sketches of Frank Gehry]],'' which followed Gehry over five years and painted a positive portrait of his character; it was well-received critically.<ref>[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sketches_of_frank_gehry/ ''Sketches of Frank Gehry'']. [[Rotten Tomatoes]].</ref>

In 2009, architecture-inspired [[ice cream sandwich]] company [[Coolhaus]] named a cookie and ice cream combination after Gehry. Dubbed the "Frank Behry", it features Strawberries & Cream [[gelato]] and [[snickerdoodle]] cookies.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://fwx.foodandwine.com/food/how-construct-epic-ice-cream-sandwich-architect |title= How to Construct an Epic Ice Cream Sandwich Like an Architect |date= May 20, 2014 |newspaper= [[Food & Wine]] |access-date= October 29, 2014 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141029213048/http://fwx.foodandwine.com/food/how-construct-epic-ice-cream-sandwich-architect |archive-date= October 29, 2014 |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://coolhaus.blogspot.com/2009/12/frank-behry-tribute-video.html |title= Frank Behry Tribute Video! |author= Coolhaus |date= December 2, 2009 |website= [[Blogspot]] |access-date= October 29, 2014|author-link= Coolhaus }}</ref>

==Exhibitions==
In October 2014, the first major European exhibition of Gehry's work debuted at the [[Centre Pompidou]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news |title= An Architect's Big Parisian Moment Two Shows for Frank Gehry, as His Vuitton Foundation Opens |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/21/arts/design/two-shows-for-frank-gehry-as-his-vuitton-foundation-opens.html |access-date= October 24, 2014 |newspaper= The New York Times | first= Joseph |last= Giovannini |date= October 20, 2014}}</ref> Other museums and major galleries that have held exhibitions on Gehry's architecture and design include the [[Leo Castelli|Leo Castelli Gallery]] in 1983; and the Walker Art Center in 1986, whose exhibition then traveled to the Toronto Harbourfront Museum, the [[Contemporary Arts Museum Houston]], the [[High Museum of Art]] in [[Atlanta]], the LACMA and the [[Whitney Museum]]. Museums and art ecvets who have mounted exhibitions on Gehry's work include the [[Philadelphia Art Museum]], the [[Museum of Modern Art]] (1992), the [[Gagosian Gallery]] (1984, 1992 and 1993), the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] (2001), the [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]] (2002), the [[Jewish Museum (Manhattan)|Jewish Museum]] in Manhattan (2010), and the [[Milan Triennale]] (first in [[Milan Triennial XVII|1988]], then in 2010 with an exhibition entitled "Frank Gehry from 1997"), and [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art|LACMA]] (2015).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lacma.org/node/21616#landing |title= Frank Gehry – LACMA |publisher= [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] |access-date= October 14, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151015050301/http://www.lacma.org/node/21616#landing |archive-date= October 15, 2015 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

Gehry participated in the 1980 [[Venice Biennale]]'s [[The Presence of the Past]] exhibition, designing an architectural facade for the ''Strada Novissima'' installation.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.artforum.com/events/strada-novissima-in-the-presence-of-the-past-228807/|title="Strada Novissima" in "The Presence of the Past"|first=Germano|last=Celant|magazine=[[Artforum]]|date=December 1980|volume=19 |issue=4|accessdate=December 5, 2025}}</ref> He also contributed to the 1985 Venice Biennale with an installation and performance named ''Il Corso del Coltello,'' in collaboration with [[Claes Oldenburg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/09/arts/art-oldenburg-s-works-as-props-for-il-corso.html|title=ART: OLDENBURG'S WORKS AS PROPS FOR 'IL CORSO|first=Roberta|last=Smith|date=January 9, 1987|accessdate=December 5, 2025|work=The New York Times}}</ref> His projects were featured in the 1996 event,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-may-02-bk-33039-story.html|title=An American Original|first= Joseph|last=Rykwert|date=May 2, 1999|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=December 5, 2025}}</ref> and he contributed to the 2008 event with the installation ''Ungapatchket''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archpaper.com/2008/10/xi-international-architecture-biennale/|title=XI International Architecture Biennale|work=The Architect's Newspaper|date=October 1, 2008|accessdate=December 6, 2025}}</ref>

In October 2015, [[21 21 Design Sight]] in Tokyo held the exhibition ''Frank Gehry. I Have An Idea'', curated by Japanese architect Tsuyoshi Tane.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2015/11/04/frank_gehry_i_have_an_idea.html |title= Frank Gehry: I have an idea |website= domusweb.it| publisher= Editoriale Domus Spa| first1= Rafael A. |last1= Balboa| first2= Federico| last2= Scaroni | date= November 4, 2015| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref>

In 2021, the [[Gagosian Gallery]] in [[Beverly Hills]] held ''Spinning Tales'', an exhibition of new fish sculptures by Gehry.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2021/07/frank-gehry-spinning-tales-new-sculptures-at-the-beverly-hills-gagosian-gallery/ |title= Frank Gehry's Spinning Tales shows off new sculptures at the Beverly Hills Gagosian gallery | publisher= The Architect's Newspaper| first= Shane | last= Reiner-Roth | date= July 7, 2021| access-date= September 19, 2021}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage=[[File:Frank O. Gehry - Parc des Ateliers.jpg|210px]]
| video1 = [https://www.ted.com/talks/frank_gehry_my_days_as_a_young_rebel Frank Gehry: My days as a young rebel], 44:28, [[TED (conference)|TED Talks]]<ref name="ted1">{{cite web |title= Frank Gehry: My days as a young rebel |publisher=[[TED (conference)|TED Talks]] |date =1990 |url= https://www.ted.com/talks/frank_gehry_my_days_as_a_young_rebel | access-date =September 29, 2015}}</ref>
| video2 = [https://www.ted.com/talks/frank_gehry_a_master_architect_asks_now_what Frank Gehry: A master architect asks, Now what?], 21:56, [[TED (conference)|TED Talks]]<ref name="ted2">{{cite web | title =Frank Gehry: A master architect asks, Now what? | publisher =[[TED (conference)|TED Talks]] | date =2002 | url =https://www.ted.com/talks/frank_gehry_a_master_architect_asks_now_what | access-date =September 29, 2015 }}</ref> }}

* 1974: Fellow of the American Institute of Architects<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Jean-Louis |title=Catalogue Raisonné of the Drawings |date=2020 |publisher=Cahiers d'art |location=Paris}}</ref>
* 1977: Arnold W. Brunner Prize in Architecture<ref name="auto1"/>
* 1986: Distinguished Architect Award from the American Institute of Architects (Los Angeles Chapter)<ref name="Dal Co" />
* 1987: Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Letters<ref>{{cite news |last1=Venant |first1=Elizabeth |title=GRAND DESIGNS : Frank Gehry, Prophet of 'Cheapskate' Architecture, Makes a Bid for Permanence |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-05-03-tm-8181-story.html |access-date=December 6, 2025 |newspaper=LA Times |date=May 3, 1987}}</ref>
* 1988: Elected into the [[National Academy of Design]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalacademy.emuseum.com/people/1228/frank-o-gehry?ctx=4a678702778da0237076d9cabfd3ea4b605a7ca0&idx=21|title=Frank O. Gehry|work=National Academy of Design|accessdate=December 5, 2025}}</ref>
* 1989: [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]]<ref name=guardian-bio /><ref>{{cite news|title=Architect Gehry Named Pritzker Prize Laureate|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Sam Hall|last=Kaplan|date=May 1, 1989|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-05-01-ca-2335-story.html|accessdate=October 22, 2023}}</ref>
* 1992: [[Praemium Imperiale]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.praemiumimperiale.com/en/laureate/gehry/|title=Frank Gehry|work=Praemium Imperiale|accessdate=December 5, 2025}}</ref>
* 1994: [[The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize]]<ref name=guardian-bio /><ref>{{cite news |title=Frank Gehry Is Awarded First $250,000 Gish Prize |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/17/arts/frank-gehry-is-awarded-first-250000-gish-prize.html |first=Sheila |last=Rule |date=September 17, 1994 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=September 16, 2025 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* 1994: [[Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monticello.org/thomas-jefferson-foundation/thomas-jefferson-foundation-medals/architecture-medal-recipients/|title=Recipients of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture|work=Thomas Jefferson Foundation|accessdate=December 5, 2025}}</ref>
* 1995: [[American Academy of Achievement]]'s Golden Plate Award<ref name="achievement"/>
* 1995: Chrysler Award of Innovation in Design<ref name="Dal Co">{{cite book |last1=Dal Co |first1=Francesco |title=Frank O. Gehry: The Complete Works |date=2003 |publisher=Electaarchitecture ; Distributed by Phaidon Press |location=Milan, [London] |isbn=9781904313151}}</ref>
* 1998: [[National Medal of Arts]]<ref name=guardian-bio /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html#98 |title=Lifetime Honors – National Medal of Arts |publisher=[[National Endowment for the Arts]] |access-date=August 30, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806021102/http://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html |archive-date=August 6, 2011 }}</ref>
* 1998: Inaugural [[Frederick Kiesler#Legacy|Austrian Frederick Kiesler Prize for Architecture and the Arts]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kiesler Prize 1998 |url=https://www.kiesler.org/en/kiesler-prize-1998/ |website=Austrian Frederick and Lillian Kiesler Private Foundation |date=February 4, 2018 |access-date=December 6, 2025}}</ref> 
* 1998: Gold Medal Award, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada<ref>{{cite web |title=Gold Medal – 1998 Recipient |url=https://raic.org/awards/gold-medal-1998-recipient |website=Royal Architectural Institute of Canada |date=December 19, 2023 |access-date=December 6, 2025}}</ref> 
* 1999: [[AIA Gold Medal]], American Institute of Architects<ref name="Coast1">{{cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=Nicole |date=5 December 2025 |title=A quicklist of Frank Gehry's accomplishments as one of the world's best-known architects |url=https://www.coastreporter.net/national-news/a-quicklist-of-frank-gehrys-accomplishments-as-one-of-the-worlds-best-known-architects-11586885 |access-date=6 December 2025 |work=Coast Reporter}}</ref>
* 2000: Cooper–Hewitt [[National Design Awards|National Design Award]] Lifetime Achievement<ref name=guardian-bio /><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cooperhewitt.org/NDA/WINNERS/2000/LIFETIMEACHIEVEMENT/index.shtml |title= Lifetime Achievement Winner: Frank Gehry |publisher= [[Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum]] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100925164117/http://cooperhewitt.org/NDA/WINNERS/2000/LIFETIMEACHIEVEMENT/index.shtml |archive-date= September 25, 2010 |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
* 2002: [[Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC)<ref name=guardian-bio /><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-1875 |title= Companion of the Order of Canada |publisher= [[Governor General of Canada]] |access-date= September 14, 2015}}</ref>
* 2004: [[Woodrow Wilson Awards#Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service|Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roche |first=Daniel Jonas |date=December 5, 2025 |title=Influential architect Frank Gehry dies at 96 |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2025/12/frank-gehry-dies/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |website=The Architect's Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2006: Inductee, [[California Hall of Fame]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photo: 13 CALIFORNIANS, INDUCTED INTO THE FIRST-EVER CALIFORNIA HALL OF FAME - KAJ2006120701 - UPI.com |url=https://www.upi.com/News_Photos/view/upi/42518d128369cc484c036a18c91f8cae/13-CALIFORNIANS-INDUCTED-INTO-THE-FIRST-EVER-CALIFORNIA-HALL-OF-FAME/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref>
* 2007: [[Henry C. Turner Prize for Innovation in Construction Technology]] from the [[National Building Museum]] (on behalf of Gehry Partners and Gehry Technologies)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Stephani |title=Gehry Companies Receive Henry C. Turner Prize |url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/gehry-companies-receive-henry-c-turner-prize_o |access-date=December 6, 2025 |work=Architect Magazine |date=October 12, 2007}}</ref>
* 2008: [[Order of Charlemagne]] (Grand Cross, later returned), Andorra<ref>{{Cite web |title=El País de les Ordes Perdudes |url=https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/el-pais-de-les-ordes-perdudes |access-date=December 6, 2025 |website=[[Bondia (newspaper)|Bondia]] |language=ca}}</ref>
* 2012: [[Twenty-five Year Award]], American Institute of Architects<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walter |first1=Alexander |title=Gehry's Santa Monica Residence Wins AIA Twenty-Five Year Award |url=https://archinect.com/news/article/34163157/gehry-s-santa-monica-residence-wins-aia-twenty-five-year-award |access-date=December 6, 2025 |work=Archinect News |date=January 11, 2012}}</ref>
* 2014: [[Prince of Asturias Awards|Prince of Asturias Award]]<ref name="RA1">{{cite web |title=Frank O. Gehry Hon RA (b. 1929) |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/frank-gehry-hon-ra |website=Royal Academy of the Arts |access-date=December 6, 2025}}</ref>
* 2014: Commandeur of the Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur, France<ref name="RA1"/>
* 2015: [[J. Paul Getty Trust|J. Paul Getty Medal]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Boehm |first1=Mike |title=Frank Gehry wins Getty Trust's annual career achievement medal |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-frank-gehry-getty-trust-annual-medal-20150520-story.html |access-date=December 6, 2025 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 20, 2015}}</ref>
* 2016: Harvard Arts Medal<ref>{{cite news |title=Architect Frank Gehry to receive Harvard Arts Medal |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/02/architect-frank-gehry-to-receive-harvard-arts-medal/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |work=Harvard Gazette |date=February 2, 2016}}</ref>
* 2016: Leonore and Walter Annenberg Award for Diplomacy through the Arts, Foundation for Arts and Preservation in Embassies<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosenfield |first1=Karissa |title=Frank Gehry Wins 2016 Annenberg Award |url=https://www.archdaily.com/783003/gehry |access-date=December 6, 2025 |work=Arch Daily |date=March 2, 2016}}</ref>
* 2016: [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flamer |first1=Keith |title=President Obama Honors Frank Gehry and Maya Lin With Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/keithflamer/2016/11/24/president-obama-honors-frank-gehry-and-maya-lin-with-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |work=Forbes |date=November 24, 2016}}</ref>
* 2018: Neutra Medal<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://env.cpp.edu/arc/neutra-award | title=Neutra Award &#124; Department of Architecture &#124; College of Environmental Design – Cal Poly Pomona}}</ref>
* 2019: Inductee, Canada's Walk of Fame<ref>{{cite web |title=Frank Gehry |url=https://www.canadaswalkoffame.com/inductees/frank-gehry/ |website=Canada's Walk of Fame |access-date=December 6, 2025}}</ref>
* 2020: [[Paez Medal of Art]], New York City (VAEA)<ref>{{Cite web|title=FRANK GEHRY is one of the two recipient of VAEA's Paez Medal of Art 2020|url=http://vaearts.org/US/archives/15487|access-date=November 18, 2020|website=VAEA|language=en-US|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027165713/http://vaearts.org/US/archives/15487|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Gehry was elected to the College of Fellows of the [[American Institute of Architects]] (AIA) in 1974,<ref>{{cite web|website=[[Pacific Coast Architecture Database]]|url= https://pcad.lib.washington.edu/person/144/|title=Frank Owen Gehry (Architect)|access-date=January 27, 2024}}</ref> and he received many national, regional ,and local AIA awards. He was a senior fellow of the [[Design Futures Council]] and served on the steering committee of the [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture]].<ref name="Ray" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Oscar |title=Aga Khan Award: $1 million prize recognizes world's best new community architecture |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/aga-khan-architecture-award-2022 |access-date=December 6, 2025 |work=CNN |date=September 23, 2022}}</ref>

Though born in Canada, Gehry lost his [[Canadian citizenship]] in 1951 when he became a [[naturalization|naturalized]] American citizen, as [[dual citizenship]] was not an option for either country at the time. He regained his Canadian citizenship in 2002 and took his citizenship oath in [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Jean Chrétien]]'s office. According to Chrétien, Gehry considered moving back to Canada due to [[Donald Trump]] being elected.<ref name="Chretien"/>

===Honorary degrees===
Source:<ref name="x268">{{cite web | title=Gehry Partners | website=Gehry Partners | date=March 30, 2017 | url=https://press.philamuseum.org/gehry-partners/ | access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref>

* 1987: [[California Institute of the Arts]]
* 1987: [[Rhode Island School of Design]]
* 1989: [[Otis College of Art and Design]]
* 1989: [[Technical University of Nova Scotia]]
* 1993: [[Occidental College]]
* 1995: [[Whittier College]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whittier.edu/alumni/poetnation/honorary|title=Honorary Degrees |website=Whittier College|access-date=February 19, 2020}}</ref>
* 1996: Southern California Institute of Architecture<ref name="Dal Co"/>
* 1998: [[University of Toronto]]
* 2000: [[Harvard University]]
* 2000: [[University of Edinburgh]]
* 2000: [[University of Southern California]]
* 2000: [[Yale University]]
* 2002: [[City College of New York]]
* 2004: [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]]
* 2013: [[Case Western Reserve University]]
* 2013: [[Princeton University]]
* 2014: [[Juilliard School]]
* 2015: [[University of Technology Sydney]]
* 2017: [[University of Oxford]]
* 2019: [[Southern California Institute of Architecture]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciarc.edu/news/2019/sci-arc-presents-world-renowned-architect-frank-gehry-with-honorary-degree|title=Honorary Degrees: SCI-Arc Presents World-Renowned Architect Frank Gehry with Honorary Degree|website=SCI-Arc|access-date=October 1, 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Architecture}}
* [[Contemporary architecture]]
* [[Organization of the artist]]
* [[Thin-shell structure]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |first1=Francesco |last1=Dal Co |first2=Kurt W. |last2=Forster |first3=Hadley |last3=Arnold |place=New York |title=Frank O. Gehry: The Complete Works |publisher=The Monacelli Press|year=1998 |isbn=978-1-885254-63-4}}
* {{cite book |publisher=Guggenheim Publications |date=May 2001 |first1=Frank O. |last1=Gehry |first2=Beatriz |last2=Colomina |author-link2=Beatriz Colomina|first3=Mildred |last3=Friedman |first4=William J. |last4=Mitchell |author-link4=William J. Mitchell|first5=J. Fiona |last5=Ragheb |first6=Jean-Louis |last6=Cohen |author7=Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|author8-link=Museo Guggenheim Bilbao |author8=Museo Guggenheim Bilbao|title=Frank Gehry Architect |type=Hardcover |pages=390|isbn=978-0-8109-6929-2|author7-link=Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum }}
* {{Cite book |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Goldberger |year=2015 |title=Building Art: The Life and Work of Frank Gehry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eFKwBgAAQBAJ |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-70153-4 |oclc=913514521 |via=[[Google Books]]}}
* Rattenbury, Kester (2006). ''Architects Today''. Laurence King Publishers. {{ISBN|978-1-85669-492-6}}.
* Staff (1995). [https://www.amazon.com/El-Croquis-74-1995-1991-1995/dp/B000QB4P68 "Frank Gehry 1991-1995"]. ''[[El Croquis]]''.

== Further reading ==
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooks=no|about=yes|wikititle=Frank Gehry}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bletter |first1=Rosemarie Haag |author2=Walker Art Center |title=The Architecture of Frank Gehry |year=1986 |place=New York |publisher=Rizzoli |isbn=0-8478-0763-0 |author2-link=Walker Art Center |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/architectureoffr00gehr }} {{ISBN|978-0-8478-0763-5}}.
* {{cite book |last=Gehry |first=Frank O. |title=Gehry Draws |publisher=Violette Editions |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-900828-10-9}}
* {{cite book |last1=Richardson |first1=Sara S. |title=Frank O. Gehry: A Bibliography |place=Monticello, Ill. |publisher=Vance Bibliographies |year=1987 |isbn=1-55590-145-X}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sorkin |first1=Michael |editor-last1=Friedman |editor-first1=Mildred |title=Gehry Talks: Architecture + Process |type=Hardcover |place=New York |publisher=Rizzoli |edition=1st |date=December 17, 1999 |isbn=978-0-8478-2165-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=van Bruggen |first1=Coosje |title=Frank O. Gehry: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao |type=Hardcover |publisher=Guggenheim Museum Pubns |edition=1st |date=December 30, 1999 |place=New York |orig-year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8109-6907-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/frankogehrygugge0000brug }}

==External links==
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{{Frank Gehry}}
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| title = Awards for Frank Gehry
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{{Wolf Prize in Arts}}
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{{Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gehry, Frank}}
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