View source for Fokker S-11

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{{Infobox aircraft
  |name = S-11 Instructor
  |image =File:Fokker S-11 (cropped).jpg
  |caption =A former Royal Netherlands Navy S-11 
  |type = Trainer
  |manufacturer = [[Fokker]]
  |designer = 
  |first_flight = 18 December 1947
  |introduction = 
  |retired =
  |status =
  |primary_user = [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]
  |more_users = [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]<br>[[Brazilian Air Force]]<br>[[Israeli Air Force]]<br>[[Italian Air Force]] (under licence as M.416)
  |produced = 
  |number_built = S-11 375<br>S-12 50<br>YT-22 1
  |variants = 
}}

The '''Fokker S-11 Instructor''' is a single-engine two-seater propeller aircraft designed and manufactured by the [[the Netherlands|Dutch]] aircraft manufacturer [[Fokker]]. It first flew in December 1947 and went on production, serving in several Air Forces in the late 20th century, including with Dutch, Italian, Israeli, Paraguay, Bolivian and Brazilian armed forces. The S-12 was a tricycle landing version of this aircraft. 

==History==
One of the first activities undertaken by Fokker after [[World War II]] was the design of a new military aircraft for elementary flying training, the S-11 Instructor. An aircraft trader already placed orders for 100 of these aircraft in 1946, before construction had even begun. The first prototype flew at [[Schiphol]] on 18 December 1947. During testing in early 1948 it was found that some aerodynamic changes had to be made to improve the handling of the aircraft. Later that year demonstration flights for several air forces followed and eventually many S-11s were sold to the [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]], [[Israeli Air Force]], [[Italian Air Force]], [[Brazilian Air Force]], [[Paraguayan Air Force]] and [[Bolivian Air Force]]. Some 170 aircraft were license built in Italy as the [[Aermacchi|Macchi]] M.416. A limited number of S-11 Instructors are still flying today. The Dutch ''Fokker Four'' foundation, dedicated to the preservation of the aircraft, operates four S-11s and amongst other activities still performs with them on [[airshow]]s.

A version of the S-11 fitted with [[tricycle landing gear]], the '''S-12''', was built by ''Fokker Industria Aeronautica'' in Brazil, and was used by the [[Brazilian Air Force]] as the '''T-22 Instructor'''.

In Italy, 178 were produced under license by Macchi, and they were called M.416.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FOKKER S.11 INSTRUCTOR |url=https://www.flight-manuals-online.com/product/fokker-s-11-instructor/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Flight Manuals |language=en-US}}</ref>

The aircraft is a two seat piston-powered monoplane with maximum take of weight of 1100 kg (2425 lb) and a top speed of 209 km/h (''130 mph,'' 113 kts).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fokker S-11 Instructor - Specifications - Technical Data / Description |url=http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_s11_en.php |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.flugzeuginfo.net}}</ref>

==Variants==
;S-11
:Prototypes - four built
;S-11-1
:Production variant for the Royal Netherlands Air Force and the [[Netherlands Naval Aviation Service|Naval Aviation Service]] of the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]- 48 built.
;S-11-2
:Production variant for the Israeli Air Force - 41 built.
;S-11-3
:Production variant for the Italian Air Force - 180 built under license by [[Aermacchi]] (Qty 110) and IMAM (Qty 70) as the M.416
;S-11-4
:Production variant for the Brazilian Air Force - 99 built including 95 by Fokker Brazil.
;S-12
:Tricycle landing gear variant, one prototype built by Fokker and 49 production aircraft for the Brazilian Air Force built by Fokker Brazil.
;Macchi M.416
:Name used for licence built S-11-3 for the Italian Air Force.
;T-21
:Brazilian Air Force designation for the S-11-4.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Brazilian Military Aircraft Designations |url=https://designation-systems.net/non-us/brazil.html |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=designation-systems.net}}</ref>
;T-22
:Brazilian Air Force designation for the S-12.<ref name=":0" />
;YT-22 Guanabara
:Brazilian built four-seat tricycle landing gear variant, one built


==Operators==
[[File:Fokker S12.jpg|thumb|right|S-12 prototype in Dutch civilian markings]]
;{{BRA}}
*[[Brazilian Air Force]] operated 100 aircraft in the 1960s and early 1970s.
;{{BOL}}
*[[Bolivian Air Force]] operated 8 former Brazilian aircraft in the 1970s.
;{{ISR}}
*[[Israeli Air Force]] operated 41 aircraft from 1951 to 1957.
;{{ITA}}
*[[Italian Air Force]] operated 178 aircraft built by Macchi under licence as Macchi M.416 from 1951 to 1960s<ref>.[http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/italy/af/ital-af2-all-time.htm aeroflight]</ref>
;{{NLD}}
*[[Royal Netherlands Air Force]] - 39 aircraft delivered
*[[Royal Netherlands Navy]] - [[Dutch Naval Aviation Service]] - Nine aircraft delivered
;{{PAR}}
*[[Paraguayan Air Force]] operated 8 former Brazilian aircraft from 1972 to 1978.

==Aircraft on display==
===Brazil===
;T-21
*0789 - On display at the [[Museu Aeroespacial]] (Brazilian Air Force Museum), [[Rio de Janeiro]]<ref>[https://www.airhistory.net/photo/499542/0789 Airhistory.net / 0789]</ref>

===Italy===
[[File:Macchi_M416_MM53762_AA-48_(6570999753).jpg|thumb|right|Macchi416 at the Italian Air Force Museum]]
;Macchi M.416
*MM53762 - On display at the ''Museo Storico dell'Aeronautica Militare di Vigna di Valle'' ([[Italian Air Force Museum]] in [[Vigna di Valle]]) as 'AA-48'<ref>[https://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/storia/museostorico/Pagine/MacchiM416.aspx Museo Storico Aeronautica Militare / MACCHI M-416 (in Italian)]</ref>
*MM53194 airframe, to be restored at the ''Volandia Parco e Museo del Volo''' ([[Volandia]] Flight Museum)<ref>[http://www.eurodemobbed.org.uk/locations.php?location=5340 Eurodemobbed / Milan - Volandia museum, Italy]</ref>

===Netherlands===
;S-11
*E-22 - on display at [[Nationaal Militair Museum]]<ref>[https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/471231/ S-11 / E-22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234631/https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/471231/ |date=2017-10-14 }} ''Nationaal Militair Museum'' Retrieved: 14 October 2017.</ref>
*E-24 - in storage at Nationaal Militair Museum<ref>[https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/876189/ S-11 / E-24] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095048/https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/876189/ |date=2017-10-15 }} ''Nationaal Militair Museum'' Retrieved: 14 October 2017.</ref>

;S-12
* PH-NDC on display at the [[Aviodrome]] museum, [[Lelystad Airport]].<ref>[https://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=151872 S-12 / PH-NDC]</ref> As the prototype S-12, the aircraft briefly carried the military registration E-41. In the 1950s and 1960s it became a test aircraft with [[Delft University]], who -through the "Nederlands Instituut voor Vliegtuigontwikkeling" and its aviation development department- used it for boundary layer suction research. In the mid-1970s it was withdrawn from use and donated to the Aviodome museum at [[Schiphol Airport]].<ref>[https://www.hdekker.info/registermap/MN.htm HDekker.info / PH-NAA - PH-NZZ (in Dutch)]</ref> 

==Known airworthy aircraft==
===Netherlands===
;S-11-1
* E-14, E-27, E-29 and E-39 (all former Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) planes, civilian registered as PH-AFS, PH-HOG, PH-HOK and PH-HOL respectively)<ref>[https://www.fokkerfour.nl/home/vloot.php Fokker Four / Onze vliegtuigen (in Dutch)]</ref> 
Also known as 'The Fokker Four Foundation', an organization of Dutch volunteers that operate a fleet of four Fokker S-11 'Instructor' aircraft, that are able to fly and are shown to the public, at various [[airshows]] around Europe. They are based at [[Aviodrome|The Aviodrome museum]] at [[Lelystad Airport]], Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stichting Fokker Four |url=https://www.fokkerfour.nl/home/stichting.php |website=Stichting Fokker Four |access-date=17 June 2022 |language=NL}}</ref>
* E-6, E-20, E-24, E-32 ((all former RNLAF planes) and 197 (former Royal Netherlands Navy plane), civilian registered as PH-GRB, PH-HOI, PH-HOE and PH-GRY, are with the RNLAF Historic Flight at [[Gilze-Rijen Air Base]]<ref>[https://kluhv.nl/portfolio/fokkers11/ KLu Historische Vlucht / Fokker S11 “Instructor”]</ref>
* 179/K (former RNLAF E-36, civilian registered as PH-ACG) civilian owned at Lelystad Airport<ref>[https://www.aironline.nl/weblog/2020/05/10/ph-acg-fokker-s-11-1-instructor-maakt-weer-geluid/ AirOnline / PH-ACG Fokker S.11.1 Instructor maakt weer geluid (in Dutch)]</ref> This plane crashed on 17 June 2023 and it is unknown whether it can be restored.<ref>[https://www.destentor.nl/apeldoorn/vliegtuigje-crasht-in-weiland-bij-teuge-twee-gewonden-ze-stonden-al-snel-naast-het-toestel~af34ec5c/]</ref>
* E-25 (former RNLAF plane, ex OO-LMC, registered PH-SII) under restoration at Lelystad Airport<ref>[https://www.aironline.nl/weblog/2022/06/11/fokker-s-11-oo-lmc-keert-terug-naar-nederland-als-ph-sii/ AirOnline / Fokker S.11. OO-LMC keert terug naar Nederland als PH-SII (in Dutch)]</ref> 

===United States of America===
* E-11 (former RNLAF plane, civilian registered as N911J)<ref>[https://flightaware.com/resources/registration/N911J FlightAware / N911J Aircraft Registration])</ref> Civilian owned at CCB Cable Airport, Upland California.

==Specifications (S-11)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54.<ref name="JAWA53 p169-0">Bridgman 1953, pp. 169–170.</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew=2
|capacity=
|length m=8.18
|span m=11.0
|height m=2.22
|wing area sqm=18.5
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=810
|gross weight kg=1100
|fuel capacity={{cvt|150|L|USgal impgal}}
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1|eng1 name=[[Lycoming O-435|Lycoming O-435A]]|eng1 type=air-cooled [[flat-six]] engine|eng1 hp=190

|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop note=
<!-- Performance -->
|max speed kmh=209
|cruise speed kmh=164<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|range miles=390
|range note=<ref name="Flight p220">Smith 1949, p.220.</ref>
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=3850
|time to altitude=<br>
**5.6 min to {{cvt|1000|m}}
**25.4 min to {{cvt|3000|m}}
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=
|similar aircraft=
*[[De Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk]]
*[[Saab 91 Safir]]
*[[T-34 Mentor]]
|sequence=
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*Aloni, Shlomo. ''Stearman Replacement — Replaced by a Stearman''. [[Air Enthusiast]] 87, May–June 2000, pp. 41–48. {{ISSN|0143-5450}} 
* Bridgeman, Leonard. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54''. London: Jane's All The World's Aircraft Publishing Company, 1953.
* Smith, Maurice A. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1949/1949%20-%200338.html "Fokker S.11 Instructor in the Air"]. ''[[Flight International|Flight]]'', 24 February 1949. pp.&nbsp;218–221.

==External links==
{{commons category|Fokker S.11}}
*[http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?aircraft_genericsearch=Fokker%20S-11%20Instructor&distinct_entry=true Airliners.net - Photos of the Fokker S-11]
*[http://www.fokkerfour.nl/ Fokker Four website] (currently in Dutch only)
*[http://www.rightbase.nl/S11/Fokker_S-11_Vlieghandboek/index.html Fokker S-11 pilot manual] (Dutch)

{{Fokker aircraft}}
{{FAB aircraft designations}}

[[Category:Fokker aircraft|S11]]
[[Category:1940s Dutch military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1947]]