View source for Fokker F.XII

{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
  |name = F.XII
  |image = File:Fokker F.XII van A.B. Aerotransport (2161 026789).jpg 
  |caption = F.XII operated by Swedish carrier [[AB Aerotransport]]
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
  |type = Passenger transport
  |manufacturer =[[Fokker]]
  |designer = 
  |first flight = January 1931
  |introduced = 5 March 1931 by KLM
  |retired = 1947
  |status = 
  |primary user = 
  |more users = 
  |produced = 11
  |number built = 
  |unit cost =
  |variants with their own articles =
}}
|}

The '''Fokker F.XII''' was a three-engined high-winged [[monoplane]] airliner produced in the 1930s by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer [[Fokker]]. Two aircraft were built under license by Danish [[Orlogsværftet]]. The first was powered by 347&nbsp;kW (465&nbsp;hp) Bristol Jupiter VI radial engines and the second, an improved model, the '''F.XIIM''', was about 20&nbsp;km/h (12&nbsp;mph) faster than the Dutch-built F.XIIs.

==Operational history==
[[File:De cabine van een Fokker F.XII van de KLM (2161 026772).jpg|thumb|left|Seating layout in a KLM F.XII aircraft, characterized by remarkable splendour compared to contemporary commercial air travel.]]
Ten aircraft were ordered by KLM/KNILM for operation on the Amsterdam to Batavia route.<ref name="ab">{{cite magazine|magazine=Air-Britain Archive|publisher=[[Air-Britain]]|date=2016|issue=3|issn=0262-4923|title=Fokker F.XII|author=Dave Partington|pages=107–110}}</ref> The first service left Amsterdam on 5 March 1931 arriving in Batavia on 14 March 1931. The aircraft was used regularly on the route from the 1 October 1931. In 1932 KLM started to use the larger [[Fokker F.XVIII]]s on the route and the F.XIIs were then used for European destinations.<ref name="ab"/>

In 1936 KLM sold four of the aircraft to the British Crilly Airways to operate between London and Madrid, this didn't get the support of the Spanish government and the aircraft were passed to British Airways for use on European routes to Paris and Scandinavia.<ref name="ab"/>  They were soon considered obsolete by British Airways and sold with some ending up with Spanish Nationalists for use in the civil war.<ref name="ab"/>

Two of KLMs remaining F.XIIs were sold to British Airways and one to a company in French West Africa but ended up in Spanish Republican hands.<ref name="ab"/> The two KNILM aircraft were still in Java when the Japanese invaded in 1942.<ref name="ab"/> One additional aircraft the eleventh to be built was ordered by AB Aerotransport of Sweden in 14-passenger configuration and was used in Sweden until destroyed in a hangar collapse in 1947.<ref name="ab"/>

==Operators==
[[File:Fokker F.XII 'Ekster' van de KLM (2161 026776).jpg|thumb|right|KLM Fokker F.XII]]
;{{DNK}}
*''[[Det Danske Luftfartselskab]]'' - two Danish built aircraft, one delivered in 1933 and one in 1935<ref name="ab"/>
;{{flag|Dutch East Indies}}
*''[[Koninklijke Nederlandsch-Indische Luchtvaart Maatschappij|Koninklijke Nederlandsch-Indische Luchtvaart Maatschappij (KNILM)]]'' - two aircraft operated from 1931 to 1942.<ref name="ab"/>
;{{NLD}}
*''[[KLM|Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij (KLM)]]'' - eight aircraft operated from 1931 to 1936.<ref name="ab"/>
;{{flag|Spain|1931}}
*[[Spanish Republican Air Force]] 
;{{SWE}}
*[[AB Aerotransport]] - one aircraft delivered in 1932.<ref name="ab"/>
;{{UK}}
*[[British Airways Ltd|British Airways]] - six aircraft operated in 1936<ref name="ab"/>
*[[Crilly Airways]] - four aircraft bought from KLM in 1936 but not operated.<ref name="ab"/>

==Accidents and incidents==
* 6 Apr 1935 - PH-AFL named ''Leeuwerik'' of KLM crashed in bad weather at [[Brilon]], [[Germany]], while flying from Prague to Amsterdam.<ref name="ab"/> All seven onboard killed.<ref name="times47033">{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Air Crash in Storm |date=8 Apr 1935 |page=13 |issue=47033 }}</ref>
* 19 November 1936 - [[British Airways Ltd]] plane crashes into a hill at night in fog on approach to [[Gatwick Airport|Gatwick Aerodrome]], killing two crew and injuring two others.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%203281.html |title=The Crawley Accident |journal=[[Flight International|Flight]] |date=26 November 1936 |issue=1457 |volume=XXX |page=590 |access-date=9 June 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223030112/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%203281.html|archive-date=23 December 2018}}</ref>

==Specifications==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=The Fokker F.XII<ref name="fi13231 p132">''Flight'' 13 February 1931, p. 132–134.</ref>
|prime units?=met<!-- "imp", "kts" or "met" to display the units in a given order. 
Without an entry here, no specifications will show -->
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew=2
|capacity=16 passengers
|length m=
|length ft=57
|length in=5
|span m=
|span ft=75
|span in=5
|height m=
|height ft=14
|height in=1
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=893
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=9591
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=15986
|fuel capacity=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=3
|eng1 name= [[Pratt & Whitney Wasp C]]
|eng1 type= radial
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=425<!-- prop engines -->
|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->

<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=137
|max speed kts=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=118<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=
|range km=
|range miles=790
|range nmi=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=14760
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|more performance=

|avionics=
}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Fokker F.XII}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083221/http://warandgame.wordpress.com/2007/12/30/fokker-fxii/ Fokker F.XII]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020604122718/http://library.thinkquest.org/C002752/fokker.cgi?page=db%2Ff12 A loyal Indies aircraft]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite journal |last1=Cortet|first1=Pierre|title=Des avions alliés aux couleurs japonais |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=April 2002 |issue=109 |pages=17–21 |trans-title=Allied Aircraft in Japanese Colors|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}

==External links==
*{{cite magazine| title=The Fokker F.XII |magazine=[[Flight International|Flight]] |date=13 February 1931 |volume=XXIII |issue=7 |pages=132–134 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1931/1931%20-%200136.html |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103094027/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1931/1931%20-%200136.html|archive-date=3 January 2017}}
{{Fokker aircraft}}

[[Category:Fokker aircraft|F 12]]
[[Category:1930s Dutch airliners]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Trimotors]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1931]]