View source for Flaveria

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|name = Yellowtops
|image = Starr 070123-3596 Flaveria trinervia.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Flaveria trinervia]]''
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Flaveria
|authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] 1789 not [[J.F.Gmel.]] 1792<ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?name=Flaveria&commonname= Tropicos search for ''Flaveria'']</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=c/>
|synonyms =
* ''Dilepis'' <small>Suess. & Merxm.</small>
* ''Vermifuga'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''Nauenburgia'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''Brotera'' <small>Spreng. 1801 illegitimate homonym not Cav. 1799 ([[Malvaceae]])</small>
}}

'''''Flaveria''''' is a genus of plants in the family [[Asteraceae]].<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5437418#page/281/mode/1up Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de. 1789.  Genera Plantarum 186–187] in Latin</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40009769 Tropicos, ''Flaveria'' Juss.]</ref> They are sometimes called '''yellowtops'''. Some are annual or [[perennial]] herbs and some are shrubs. They bear yellow flowers in [[Pseudanthium|heads]], with zero, one, or two [[Asteraceae#Flowers|ray florets]] in each head.<ref name=FNA/> These plants are found in the [[Americas]], [[Asia]], [[Africa]], and Australia.<ref name=FNA>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=112857 Floira of North America Vol. 21 Page 247 ''Flaveria'' Jussieu]</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=112857 Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 855 <big>黄顶菊属</big> huang ding ju shu  ''Flaveria'' Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 186. 1789. ]</ref>

While some members of this genus use the more common [[C3 carbon fixation|{{C3}} carbon fixation]] pathway, others are [[C4 carbon fixation|{{C4}} plants]], and some are intermediate. With closely related species exhibiting different forms of metabolism, ''Flaveria'' has been a [[model organism|model genus]] for studies on the evolution of photosynthesis.<ref name="McKownMoncalvo2005">{{cite journal |last1=McKown |first1=A.D. |last2=Moncalvo |first2=J.-M. |last3=Dengler |first3=N.G. |title=Phylogeny of ''Flaveria'' (Asteraceae) and inference of {{C4}} photosynthesis evolution |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=92 |issue=11 |year=2005 |pages=1911–1928 |issn=0002-9122 |doi=10.3732/ajb.92.11.1911|pmid=21646108 |doi-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref><ref name="Mallmann2014">{{cite journal | last1=Mallmann | first1=Julia | last2=Heckmann | first2=David | last3=Bräutigam | first3=Andrea | last4=Lercher | first4=Martin J | last5=Weber | first5=Andreas PM | last6=Westhoff | first6=Peter | last7=Gowik | first7=Udo | title=The role of photorespiration during the evolution of {{C4}} photosynthesis in the genus ''Flaveria'' | journal=eLife | volume=3 | year=2014 | pages=e02478 | doi=10.7554/elife.02478 | pmid=24935935 | pmc=4103682 | doi-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref><ref name="LyuGowik2015">{{cite journal |last1=Lyu |first1=M.-J.A. |last2=Gowik |first2=U. |last3=Kelly |first3=S. |last4=Covshoff |first4=S. |last5=Mallmann |first5=J. |last6=Westhoff |first6=P. |last7=Hibberd |first7=J.M. |last8=Stata |first8=M. |last9=Sage |first9=R.F. |last10=Lu |first10=H. |last11=Wei |first11=X. |last12=Wong |first12=G.K.-S. |last13=Zhu |first13=X.-G. |display-authors=3 |title=RNA-Seq based phylogeny recapitulates previous phylogeny of the genus ''Flaveria'' (Asteraceae) with some modifications |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=116 |year=2015 |issn=1471-2148 |doi=10.1186/s12862-015-0399-9|pmid=26084484 |pmc=4472175 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2015BMCEE..15..116L }} {{open access}}</ref> A monograph by A.M. Powell from 1978<ref>A.M. Powell. 1978. Systematics of ''Flaveria'' (Flaveriinae-Asteraceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 65: 590–636</ref> is the most comprehensive study of morphology and biogeography for the ''Flaveria'' species to date. [[Molecular phylogenetic]] studies have clarified many of the evolutionary relationships between ''Flaveria'' species.<ref name="McKownMoncalvo2005"/><ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>

; Species<ref name=c>[https://archive.today/20141126141721/http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/default.aspx?Page=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=48a97d36-d6a5-4883-8ab6-de776cc451e7 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist ]</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Flaveria Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps]</ref><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Flaveria The Plant List search for ''Flaveria'']</ref>
* ''[[Flaveria angustifolia]]''  - Mexico ([[Oaxaca]], [[Puebla]], [[Guerrero]]); {{C3}}–{{C4}} intermediate<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria anomala]]''  - Mexico ([[San Luis Potosí]], [[Nuevo León]], [[Durango]], [[Zacatecas]]) 
* ''[[Flaveria australasica]]'' - speedyweed - Australia; {{C4}}<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria bidentis]]'' - coastal plain yellowtops - [[South America]], [[Galápagos]], [[West Indies]], United States ([[Florida]] [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] [[Alabama]]); {{C4}}<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria brownii]]'' - Brown's yellowtops - southern [[Texas]]; {{C4}}-like<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria campestris]]'' - alkali yellowtops - USA ([[Arizona]] [[New Mexico]] [[Texas]] [[Utah]] [[Colorado]] [[Kansas]] [[Missouri]] [[Indiana]])
* ''[[Flaveria chlorifolia]]'' - clasping yellowtops - Mexico ([[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]), [[New Mexico]] [[Texas]]; {{C3}}–{{C4}} intermediate<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria cronquistii]]'' -  Mexico ([[Oaxaca]], [[Puebla]]) 
* ''[[Flaveria floridana]]'' - Florida yellowtops - [[Florida]]; {{C3}}–{{C4}} intermediate<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria haumanii]]'' - [[Chile]], [[Argentina]]
* ''[[Flaveria intermedia]]'' -  Mexico ([[Durango]]) 
* ''[[Flaveria kochiana]]'' -  Mexico ([[Oaxaca]]); {{C4}}<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria linearis]]'' - narrowleaf yellowtops - [[Cuba]], [[Bahamas]], [[Florida]], [[Yucatán Peninsula]]
* ''[[Flaveria maritima]]'' <small>Kunth</small> 
* ''[[Flaveria mcdougallii]]'' <small>Theroux, Pinkava & D.J.Keil</small>
* ''[[Flaveria oppositifolia]]''  - Mexico ([[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]], [[Coahuila]], [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]], [[Nuevo León]], [[San Luis Potosí]]), [[Texas]]
* ''[[Flaveria palmeri]]''  -  Mexico ([[Coahuila]]); {{C4}}-like<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria pringlei]]'' -  Mexico ([[Puebla]], [[Oaxaca]], [[Guerrero]]) 
* ''[[Flaveria pubescens]]'' - Mexico ([[San Luis Potosí]], [[Tamaulipas]]); {{C3}}–{{C4}} intermediate<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/> 
* ''[[Flaveria ramosissima]]'' - Mexico ([[Puebla]], [[Oaxaca]]); {{C3}}–{{C4}} intermediate<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria robusta]]'' -  Mexico ([[Colima]]) 
* ''[[Flaveria sonorensis]]'' -  Mexico ([[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]], [[Sonora]]); {{C3}}–{{C4}} intermediate<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria trinervia]]'' - clustered yellowtops - Mexico, [[Belize]], [[South America]], [[West Indies]], [[California]] [[Arizona]] [[New Mexico]] [[Texas]] [[Missouri]] [[Florida]] [[South Carolina]] [[Virginia]] [[Maryland]] [[Massachusetts]]); {{C4}}<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>
* ''[[Flaveria vaginata]]'' <small>B.L.Rob. & Greenm.</small>; {{C4}}-like<ref name="LyuGowik2015"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=FLAVE USDA Plants Profile for ''Flaveria'']
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1224 Jepson Manual Treatment of ''Flaveria'']

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5458055}}

[[Category:Flaveria| ]]
[[Category:Asteraceae genera]]