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{{short description|52nd United States presidential inauguration}}
{{Infobox historical event
| Event_Name    =First presidential inauguration of Bill Clinton
| Image_Name    = Bill Clinton taking the oath of office, 1993.jpg
| Image_Caption = Bill Clinton takes the [[oath of office of the president of the United States|oath of office]] as the<br />42nd [[president of the United States]].
| organizers    = [[Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies#1993 committee|Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies]]
| participants  = [[Bill Clinton]]<br />42nd president of the United States<br />''— Assuming office''<br /><hr>[[William Rehnquist]]<br />[[Chief Justice of the United States]]<br />''— Administering oath''<br /><hr>[[Al Gore]]<br />45th vice president of the United States<br />''— Assuming office''<br /><hr>[[Byron White]]<br />[[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]]<br />''— Administering oath''
| Location      = [[United States Capitol]],<br/>[[Washington, D.C.]]
| Date          = {{Start date and age|1993|01|20}}
| notes        = {{Succession links|left=[[Inauguration of George H. W. Bush|1989]]|right=[[Second inauguration of Bill Clinton|1997]]}}
}}
{{Bill Clinton series|expanded=42nd president of the United States}}

The first [[United States presidential inauguration|inauguration]] of [[Bill Clinton]] as the 42nd [[president of the United States]] was held on Wednesday, January 20, 1993, at the West Front of the [[United States Capitol]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] This was the 52nd inauguration and marked the commencement of the first term of Bill Clinton as president and [[Al Gore]] as [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/52nd-inaugural-ceremonies/|title=52ND INAUGURAL CEREMONIES|publisher=United States Senate|access-date=June 15, 2021}}</ref> At {{age in years and days|1946|8|19|1993|1|20}} of age at the time of his first inauguration, Clinton was the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|third-youngest person to become president]], and the first from the [[Baby Boomer]] generation.

== Pre-inaugural events ==

===Reunion on the Mall===
America's Reunion on the Mall was a two-day multi-stage festival as part of the 1993 Presidential Inaugural Celebration, held from January 17–19. One million people attended the event on the [[National Mall]] between [[Capitol Hill]] and the [[Washington Monument]]. With tents stretching from the Capitol to the Washington Monument, it was reported to be the largest festival ever held on the Mall.<ref>[http://photo2.si.edu/inaugural/clinton1/clinton1.html The 1993 Presidential Inaugural.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228194249/http://photo2.si.edu/inaugural/clinton1/clinton1.html |date=2013-02-28 }} (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>  The two-hour outdoor concert that started the festival kicked off the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. Hundreds of thousands of people attended the free concert, which featured musicians [[Michael Jackson]], [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Michael Bolton]], [[Tony Bennett]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Diana Ross]], and rapper [[LL Cool J]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-13-ca-1347-story.html|title=Inaugural Events Sing a Song of Diversity|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 13, 1993|access-date=May 22, 2012}}</ref> On that Sunday, Metrorail recorded 440,138 trips, breaking the Sunday record set at the April 5, 1992 March for Women's Lives and setting a record that would be broken the following 4 July.<ref>{{cite web |title=Metrorail sets new Sunday record for highest ridership |url=https://www.wmata.com/about/news/pressreleasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2429 |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref>

===Inaugural bell ringing ceremony===
On January 17, President-elect Clinton addressed the crowd in a short bell-ringing ceremony to mark his inauguration, after leading a procession across the [[Arlington Memorial Bridge|Memorial Bridge]] from Washington, DC, to [[Arlington, VA|Arlington, Virginia]]. The ceremony included a brief videotape and statement from the crew of the [[Space Shuttle]] ''[[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Endeavour]]'', and live video links from [[NASA]] Mission Control in Houston, Texas, south central Los Angeles, Oklahoma, Nashville, San Francisco, Tallahassee, Little Rock, San Antonio, Philadelphia, Keams Canyon, Arizona, and Atlanta, where crowds had assembled to take part in a bell-ringing ceremony to show the unity of the nation. At 6 p.m., Clinton and Gore, with the help of their children, grasped the red rope attached to the bell and led the nation in a bell ringing ceremony. A spectacular display of fireworks ended the evening's public events.<ref>[http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/37201-1 C-Span Video Library. Inaugural Bell Ringing Ceremony.] (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>

===Visit to the Arlington Cemetery===
On January 19, Clinton visited the [[Arlington National Cemetery]] to visit the graves of [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Robert F. Kennedy]]. The visit was not on Clinton's schedule, and only a small group of reporters and photographers were allowed to witness the gathering from 150 yards away. After kneeling at the graveside for a few moments, the Clintons each placed a white rose on the grave of Robert Kennedy, who was [[Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy|shot June 5, 1968]], while campaigning for the presidency. Clinton then walked alone to John F. Kennedy's grave and placed another white rose on the marker and knelt for several seconds before the grave. Clinton had met President Kennedy briefly as a teenager in 1963, and credits that encounter with leading him to enter public service.<ref>Jack Nelson, "Clinton Vows to Lead in Bold Style of FDR", Los Angeles Times, January 20, 1993. (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>

===Presidential gala===
On January 19, 1993, a cast including [[Michael Jackson]], [[Barbra Streisand]], [[Elton John]], [[Chuck Berry]], [[Little Richard]], [[Judy Collins]], [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Michael Bolton]], the Alvin Ailey Dance Troupe, comedians [[Chevy Chase]] and [[Bill Cosby]], and actors [[Jack Lemmon]], [[James Earl Jones]], [[Warren Beatty]], and [[Edward James Olmos]], as well as a band of jazz all-stars composed of [[T.S. Monk]], [[Herbie Hancock]], [[Wynton Marsalis]], [[Clark Terry]], [[Al Grey]], [[Ron Carter]], [[Grover Washington Jr.]], [[Illinois Jacquet]], and [[Wayne Shorter]] performed at the 42nd Presidential Inaugural Gala at the [[Capital Centre (Landover, Maryland)|Capital Centre]] in [[Landover, Maryland]] in Clinton's honour.<ref>{{cite news|title=Inauguration Events Sing a Song of Diversity|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 13, 1933}} (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Celebs Salute President-Elect at Glittering Inaugural Gala|last=Asseo|first=Laurie|date=January 19, 1993|publisher=[[Associated Press|AP]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/9c7d0fc855af996e8f24281924da1cb2|accessdate=2021-08-02}}</ref>

A specially re-formed [[Fleetwood Mac]] took the stage to perform [[Don't Stop (Fleetwood Mac song)|"Don't Stop"]], Clinton's [[campaign song]].<ref>Andrew Dansby. "Fleetwood Mac Play Surprise Farewell Event for Clinton", Rolling Stones Magazine, January 8, 2001. (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref> "It was one of those experiences that you never forget," remarked [[Stevie Nicks]]. "Bill was very sparkly... Michael Jackson had lost his makeup and wanted to borrow some, so we sent over my foundation and it was not the right colour. He sent it back with a big 'thank you' note."<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Life thru a lens|magazine=[[Q (magazine)|Q]]|date=May 2008|issue=262|page=114}}</ref>

===Kids' Inaugural===
Also on January 19, the Clintons took part in an event aimed at younger audiences at the Kennedy Center. Billed as two separate one-hour specials, the ''Inaugural Celebration for Children'' and the ''Inaugural Celebration for Youth'' were both aired live on [[Disney Channel]].<ref>[https://variety.com/1993/more/news/kermit-harris-on-list-for-kids-inaugural-show-102652/ "Kermit, Harris on list for kids’ inaugural show."] Variety, January 5, 1993. Retrieved May 26, 2016.</ref>

The ''Inaugural Celebration for Children'' was hosted by [[Markie Post]] and featured appearances from [[Mr. Rogers]], [[Kermit the Frog]], [[Raffi]], [[Emmylou Harris]], [[Rosanne Cash]], and the cast of ''[[Adventures in Wonderland (1992 TV series)|Adventures in Wonderland]]''. Notably, during the finale of the special, [[Steve Whitmire]] perched the Kermit the Frog puppet on Hillary Clinton's shoulder as he sang during the final song, a photo of which appeared in newspapers across the country.

This was followed by the ''Inaugural Celebration for Youth'', which was hosted by [[Will Smith]] and featured appearances from [[Clarence Clemons]], [[Boyz II Men]], [[Celine Dion]], [[Kenny Loggins]], [[Vanessa Williams]], [[Jay R. Ferguson]], [[Al Gore]], the [[Joffrey Ballet]], the L.A. Youth Ensemble Theatre, and the cast of ''[[The Mickey Mouse Club]]''.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyDBHrsh3U8 The Presidential Inaugural Celebration For Youth 1993.] YouTube clip, retrieved May 26, 2016.</ref>

== Inauguration events ==
[[File:1993-52nd Inaugural Pass.JPG|thumb|Pass to the Capitol Hill standing area for the inauguration]]

===Organization===
The inaugural ceremonies and luncheon for Clinton's inauguration were planned and executed by the [[Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies]], as all inaugurations since 1901 have been. Senator [[Wendell H. Ford]] chaired the committee for Clinton's first inauguration.<ref>[http://inaugural.senate.gov/cmte/membershiphistory.cfm Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, Committee Membership.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105232002/http://inaugural.senate.gov/cmte/membershiphistory.cfm |date=2010-01-05 }} (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref> It is estimated that the committee spent $333 million on the inauguration.<ref>[http://uspolitics.about.com/od/presidenc1/tp/2009_inauguration.htm Kathy Gill, Your Guide to the 2009 Inauguration of Barack Obama.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830121909/http://uspolitics.about.com/od/presidenc1/tp/2009_inauguration.htm |date=2012-08-30 }} (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>

===Vice presidential oath===
The ceremony began with the vice presidential oath of office. [[Byron White]], the [[Associate Justice]], administered the oath to [[Albert A. Gore Jr.]] The oath of office for the vice president is not specified in the [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]], but Gore used the current form of the oath, which is also used by the [[United States Senate|Senators]], [[United States House of Representatives|Representatives]], and other government officers:<ref>[http://uspolitics.about.com/od/usgovernment/a/oaths_of_office_2.htm Kathy Gill, "Oaths of Office for Federal Officials."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717052715/http://uspolitics.about.com/od/usgovernment/a/oaths_of_office_2.htm |date=2012-07-17 }} (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref><blockquote>I Albert Gore Jr., do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same, that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and I will well and faithfully perform the duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God.</blockquote>

===Presidential oath===
At noon, the [[Oath of office of the president of the United States|oath of office]] was administered to Clinton by [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[William Rehnquist]]. The oath was sworn on a [[King James Bible]], which was given to him by his grandmother. Standing beside him were his daughter [[Chelsea Clinton|Chelsea]] and his wife [[Hillary Clinton|Hillary]], who was holding the Bible opened to [[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians 6:9]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Clinton Bible Open To Galatians 6:9|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1993/01/21/clinton-bible-open-to-galatians-69/|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=January 21, 1993|access-date=January 14, 2017}}</ref>

Clinton recited the following, as prescribed by the [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]]:
{{blockquote|I, William Jefferson Clinton, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. [So help me God.]}}

===Presidential address===
{{Wikisource|Bill Clinton's first inaugural address}}
Clinton, the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] president in 12 years (since [[Jimmy Carter]]), then delivered his [[inaugural address]]. In the 1,598-word speech, Clinton informed the nation of his intentions as a leader.<ref>President William Jefferson Clinton 1993, May 22, 2012</ref> Clinton portrayed change as a positive factor, not something to be feared. He reminded his audience that America has a history of overcoming challenges through bold action and re-creating itself for the better in the process using examples such as [[the Great Depression]] and [[American Civil War|the Civil War]]. As the first president elected in the [[post–Cold War era]], Clinton stressed the importance of renewal for America, and hinted that he would work to make positive change in America.<ref>[http://www.milestonedocuments.com/documents/view/first-inaugural-address Karen Linkletter, Bill Clinton’s First Inaugural Address.] (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>  "The Star Spangled Banner", the American national anthem and "God Bless America", an American patriotic song, were both played following Clinton's address.

===Poetry===

After Clinton's inaugural address, [[Maya Angelou]] recited her poem "[[On the Pulse of Morning]]". The poem, which Angelou wrote specifically for the inauguration, shared common themes to Clinton's inaugural address, including change, responsibility, and the president's and the citizenry's role in establishing economic security. Angelou became the second poet in history to read a poem at a presidential inauguration, as [[Robert Frost]] was the first, who recited a poem at [[Inauguration of John F. Kennedy|John F Kennedy's inauguration in 1961]].<ref>Pisko-Freund, Lois, "Poetry and Motion: Comparing Angelou' Poetry and Clinton's Inaugural Theme of Change". Florida Communication Journal. March 1, 1994. 22. Print.</ref>

===Religious elements===
Since 1937, the inauguration ceremonies have included one or more prayers. During Clinton's first inauguration, [[Billy Graham|
Rev. Billy Graham]], who also delivered invocations during the first inauguration on George W Bush, and the second Inauguration of Bill Clinton, gave an invocation and benediction:

{{blockquote|Our God and our Father, we thank you for this historic occasion when we inaugurate our new President and Vice-President. We thank you for the moral and spiritual foundations which our forefathers gave us and which are rooted deeply in scripture. Those principles nourished and guided us as a nation in the past, but we cannot say that we are a righteous people. We've sinned against you. We've [[reap the whirlwind (phrase)|sown to the wind and are reaping the whirlwind]] of crime, drug abuse, racism, immorality, and social injustice. We need to repent of our sins and turn by faith to you.

And now, on this twentieth day of January, 1993, we commit to you President-elect Clinton and Vice-President-elect Gore, who you have permitted to take leadership at this critical time in our nation's history. Help them always to see the office to which they've been elected as a sacred trust from you. We pray that you will bless their wives who will share so much of the responsibility and burdens. Make President-elect Clinton know that he is never really alone but that the eternal God can be his refuge and he can turn to you in every circumstance. Give him the wisdom you've promised to those who ask and the strength that you alone can give. We thank you for his predecessor President Bush and the dedication he gave to this office. Bless him as he and Mrs. Bush continue their dedicated service to our country in other spheres. We commit this inaugural ceremony to you and ask that the memory of this event may always remind us to pray for our leaders. I pray this in the name of the one that's called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, the Everlasting Father and the Prince of Peace. Amen.<ref>[http://blog.beliefnet.com/stevenwaldman/2009/01/inaugural-invocations-and-pray.html Steven Waldman, Inaugural Prayers Through History.] (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>}}

===Attendance===
The Clinton Inauguration drew what was, at the time, the second largest crowd ever at an inauguration, an estimated 800,000. The Johnson Inauguration had drawn an estimated 1.2 million and Obama's later drew 1.9 million in 2008 and 1 million in 2012, placing it in the 4th largest spot as of 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gillan |first1=Josha |title=Inaugural crowd sizes ranked |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2017/jan/20/inaugural-crowd-sizes-ranked/ |website=Politifact |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> The large crowd resulted in a single-day Metro record of 811,257 trips, a record that would last 11 years and 4 months - the longest lasting record in Metrorail history - until it was broken by the Reagan Funeral Procession.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Layton |first1=Lyndsey |title=Mass Transit Popularity Surges in U.S. |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=30 April 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Immigration Rally sets Second Highest Ridership Day in Metrorail History |url=https://www.wmata.com/about/news/pressreleasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=3698 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

Weather conditions for 12 noon at [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport|Washington National Airport]], located 3.1 miles from the ceremony, were: 39&nbsp;°F (4&nbsp;°C), wind 8&nbsp;mph, and clear.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/us/va/arlington/KDCA/date/1993-1-20|title=Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Weather Hourly History, January 20, 1993|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=January 17, 2025}}</ref>

== Post-ceremony traditions ==
[[File:President William J. Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton in the Inaugural Parade.jpg|thumb|The President and the First Lady during the parade]]

===Departure of the former president===
Following the inaugural ceremony on the west front of the U.S. Capitol, President Clinton, [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Hillary Clinton]], Vice President Al Gore and Tipper Gore escorted former president [[George H. W. Bush]] and former first lady [[Barbara Bush]] to a departure ceremony on the east side of the U.S.&nbsp;Capitol. George H. W. Bush and his wife Barbara then departed on a plane to return to [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref>[http://americanhistory.about.com/od/uspresidents/ss/inauguration_7.htm Martin Kelly, Departure of the Outgoing President.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711074909/http://americanhistory.about.com/od/uspresidents/ss/inauguration_7.htm |date=2014-07-11 }} (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>

===Congressional luncheon===
Clinton and Gore were guests of honor at a luncheon held by the [[United States Congress]] immediately following the inaugural ceremony. The luncheon was held in [[Statuary Hall]] and was attended by the leadership of both houses of Congress as well as guests of the president and vice president. By tradition, former president [[George H. W. Bush]] and former vice president [[Dan Quayle]] did not attend.<ref>[http://inaugural.senate.gov/history/daysevents/inauguralluncheon.cfm Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, Inaugural Luncheon.] (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>

===Inaugural parade===
After the luncheon, Clinton and his wife made their way down [[Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|Pennsylvania Avenue]] to [[the White House]], followed by a procession of ceremonial military regiments, citizens' groups, marching bands, and floats.<ref>[http://inaugural.senate.gov/history/daysevents/inauguralparade.cfm Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, Inaugural Parade.] (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref> The Clintons traveled in a limousine down Pennsylvania Avenue to the cheers of a large crowd lining the street. The Clintons got out of the limousine to walk the final few blocks to the White House, followed by the Gores a few minutes later.<ref>[http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/37273-1 C-Span Video Library, Clinton Inaugural Parade.] (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref>

===Inaugural balls===
[[File:Cynnabar ring for Hillary Clinton 1992 inaugural ball.jpg|thumb|[[Crater of Diamonds State Park|Arkansas diamond]] in 1992 [[Henry Dunay|Dunay]] setting created for Hillary Clinton for the inaugural balls<ref>{{Cite web |date=1993-01-12 |title=NEW FIRST LADY TO WEAR UNCUT DIAMOND AT INAUGURAL BALL |url=https://www.deseret.com/1993/1/12/19026369/new-first-lady-to-wear-uncut-diamond-at-inaugural-ball |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref>]] 
After the parade, the president, vice president and their families attended the 11 official inaugural balls held in their honor. Sites for these balls included [[National Air and Space Museum]], [[D.C. Armory]], [[Walter E. Washington Convention Center|D.C. Convention Center]],  [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts|Kennedy Center]], [[National Building Museum]], [[Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)|Old Post Office Pavilion]] (Youth Ball), [[Omni Shoreham Hotel]], [[S. Dillon Ripley Center]],<ref>[http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/Inauguralevents/Clinton_page/clinton_inauguration.htm Smithsonian Institution, Presidential Inaugural Balls at the Smithsonian.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024015/http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/Inauguralevents/Clinton_page/clinton_inauguration.htm |date=2011-09-25 }} (accessed May 22, 2012)</ref> [[Sheraton Washington Hotel]], [[Washington Union Station|Union Station]], and the [[Washington Hilton]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/01/11/the-chosen-performers/58538e0e-2c39-4e15-8fb7-17c85712a6ee/|title=The Chosen Performers|last=Jacqueline|first=Trescott|date=January 11, 1993|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=June 16, 2019}}</ref>

== Members of the inauguration committee ==
* Sen. [[Wendell H. Ford]] (D-KY), Chairman
* Sen. [[George J. Mitchell]] (D-ME)
* Sen. [[Ted Stevens]] (R-AK)
* Rep. [[Tom Foley]] (D-WA)
* Rep. [[Dick Gephardt]] (D-MO)
* Rep. [[Robert H. Michel]] (R-IL)
* John Chambers, executive director (former [[United Press International|UPI]] [[List of UPI reporters|correspondent]], son of [[Whittaker Chambers]], previously executive director for the [[second inauguration of Ronald Reagan]])<ref>
{{cite book
| title = CBS News 1993 Presidential Inaugural Handbook: The Inauguration of William Jefferson Clinton and Albert Gore, Jr.
| publisher = DanRather.com
| url = https://www.danratherjournalist.org/sites/default/files/documents/e_zirin_00225_Combined.pdf
| page = 15
| date = 6 January 1993
| access-date = 21 February 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Presidential transition of Bill Clinton]]
*[[Second inauguration of Bill Clinton]]
*[[Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1993)]]
*[[1992 United States presidential election]]
*[[Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign]]

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|Bill Clinton's First Inaugural Address}}
{{Commons category|Bill Clinton 1993 presidential inauguration}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SWjIPwm954 Video of Clinton's First Inaugural Address from C-SPAN (via YouTube with audio)]
*[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/21/us/inauguration-clinton-takes-oath-42d-president-urging-sacrifice-renew-america.html ''New York Times'' coverage of the 1993 inauguration]
*[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/clinton1.asp Text of Clinton's First Inaugural Address] 
*[http://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/january-20-1993-first-inaugural Audio of Clinton's First Inaugural Address]

{{Presidency of Bill Clinton}}
{{Al Gore}}
{{US inaugurations}}

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