View source for First Nations in Manitoba

{{Short description|Indigenous nations in the Canadian province of Manitoba}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Indigenous peoples of Canada}}
'''First Nations in Manitoba''' constitute of over 160,000 [[Registered Indian|registered persons]] {{As of|2021|lc=y}}, about 57% of whom live on [[Indian reserve|reserve]]. [[Manitoba]] is second to [[Ontario]] in total on-reserve population and in total [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] population.<ref name=":0">Indigenous Services Canada. 2021 March 32. "[https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1100100020400/1616072911150 First Nations in Manitoba]." Government of Canada. Retrieved 2023 April 1.</ref>

There are 63 First Nations in the province and five [[Indigenous languages of Canada|indigenous linguistic groups]]. The languages are [[Plains Cree language|Nēhiyawēwin]], [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]], [[Dakota language|Dakota]], [[Oji-Cree]], and [[Dene language|Dene]].

First Nations are listed by ''common usage'' names but other names may be applied in certain areas; for example, "[[Cree Nation]]" and "[[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]]" is applied to certain bands on the same reserve.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2021|March}}, there were 164,289 [[Registered Indian|registered]] First Nation persons in Manitoba, 57.1% of whom (93,840) live on reserve.<ref name=":0" />

There are 63 First Nations in Manitoba, including 6 of the 20 largest bands in Canada.<ref name=":0" />

There are 5 [[Indigenous languages of Canada|Indigenous linguistic groups]] in the province: [[Cree language|Cree]], [[Ojibwe language|Ojibway]], [[Dakota language|Dakota]], [[Oji-Cree language|Oji-Cree]], and [[Dene language|Dene]].

== Governance ==
There are 7 First Nations [[Numbered Treaties|treaties]] in the province:<ref name=":1">"[https://publications.gc.ca/pub?id=9.694283&sl=0 Treaties in Manitoba]." Ottawa: Indian and Northern Affairs, Government of Canada. 2010. {{ISBN|978-1-100-17944-5}}.</ref>

* [[Treaty 1]] in the south-central region
* [[Treaty 2]] in the central and southwestern region
* [[Treaty 3]] in the southeastern region
* [[Treaty 4]] in part of west-central Manitoba
* [[Treaty 5]] (1875 and 1908) in the central and northern regions
* [[Treaty 6]] in the northern region
* [[Treaty 10]] along northwestern Manitoba

The Dakota Nations ([[Birdtail Sioux First Nation|Birdtail Sioux]], [[Sioux Valley Dakota Nation|Sioux Valley]], [[Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation|Canupawakpa]], Dakota Tipi, and [[Dakota Plains First Nation|Dakota Plains]]) are not signatory to any treaty with Canada, though their  land is considered reserve land under the ''[[Indian Act]]''.<ref name=":1" />
There are 7 First Nations [[tribal council]]s in Manitoba:<ref name=":2">Indigenous Services Canada. 2021 March 32. "[https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1100100020567/1616074359000 Manitoba First Nation Tribal Councils]." Government of Canada. Retrieved 2023 April 1.</ref>

* [[Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council]]
* [[Interlake Reserves Tribal Council]]
* [[Island Lake Tribal Council]]
* [[Keewatin Tribal Council]]
* [[Southeast Resource Development Council]]
* [[Swampy Cree Tribal Council]]
* [[West Region Tribal Council]]

[[Cross Lake First Nation|Cross Lake]], Dakota Tipi, [[Fisher River Cree Nation|Fisher River]], [[Sagkeeng First Nation|Sagkeeng]], [[Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation|Nisichawayasihk]], [[Norway House Cree Nation|Norway House]], [[O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation|O-Pipon-Na-Piwin]], and [[Tootinaowaziibeeng First Nation|Tootinaowaziibeeng]] have no tribal council affiliations.<ref name=":2" />

Additionally, First Nations in Manitoba are represented by 3 active provincial political organizations divided on a north-south basis: the [[Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs]], [[Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak]], and the [[Southern Chiefs Organization]].

[[Manitoba Indigenous Reconciliation and Northern Relations]] is the department of the [[Government of Manitoba|Manitoba government]] responsible for issues related to Indigenous affairs and reconciliation in the province.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Province of Manitoba {{!}} Cabinet Ministers |url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/minister/min_indigenous.html |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Province of Manitoba |language=en}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Seventeen First Nations are not accessible by an all-weather road. This accounts for approximately half of all First Nations people who live on reserve in Manitoba.<ref name=":0" />

=== Reserves in Manitoba ===
{{Main|List of Indian reserves in Manitoba}}
There are about 63 [[Indian reserve|reserves]] in Manitoba:

{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[Barren Lands First Nation]]
* [[Berens River First Nation]]
* [[Birdtail Sioux First Nation]]
* [[Bloodvein First Nation]]
* [[Brokenhead Ojibway Nation]]
* [[Buffalo Point First Nation]]
* [[Bunibonibee Cree Nation]]
* [[Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation]]
* [[Chemawawin Cree Nation]]
* [[Cross Lake First Nation]]
* [[Dakota Plains First Nation]]
* [[Portage la Prairie|Dakota Tipi First Nation]]
* [[Dauphin River First Nation]]
* [[Ebb and Flow First Nation]]
* [[Pinaymootang First Nation|Fairford First Nation]]
* [[Fisher River Cree Nation]]
* [[Fox Lake Cree Nation]]
* [[Gamblers First Nation]]
* [[Garden Hill First Nation]]
* [[God's Lake First Nation]]
* [[Grand Rapids First Nation]]
* [[Hollow Water First Nation]]
* [[Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation]]
* [[Kinonjeoshtegon First Nation]]
* [[Lake Manitoba First Nation]]
* [[Pinaymootang First Nation|Lake St. Martin First Nation]]
* [[Little Black River First Nation]]
* [[Little Grand Rapids First Nation]]
* [[Little Saskatchewan First Nation]]
* [[Long Plain First Nation]]
* [[Manto Sipi Cree Nation]]
* [[Marcel Colomb First Nation]]
* [[Mathias Colomb First Nation]]
* [[Mosakahiken Cree Nation]]
* [[Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation]]
* [[Northlands First Nation]]
* [[Norway House Cree Nation]]
* [[O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi First Nation]]
* [[Opaskwayak Cree Nation]]
* [[Pauingassi First Nation]]
* [[Peguis First Nation]]
* [[Pinaymootang First Nation]]
* [[Pine Creek First Nation]]
* [[Poplar River First Nation]]
* [[Red Sucker Lake First Nation]]
* [[Rolling River First Nation]]
* [[Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation]]
* [[Sagkeeng First Nation]]
* [[Sandy Bay First Nation]]
* [[Sapotaweyak Cree Nation]]
* [[Sayisi Dene First Nation]]
* [[Shamattawa First Nation]]
* [[Sioux Valley Dakota Nation]]
* [[Skownan First Nation]]
* [[St. Theresa Point First Nation]]
* [[Swan Lake First Nation]]
* [[Tataskweyak Cree Nation]]
* [[Tootinaowaziibeeng First Nation]]
* [[War Lake First Nation]]
* [[Wasagamack First Nation]]
* [[Waywayseecappo First Nation]]
* [[York Factory First Nation]]
{{div col end}}

==== Urban reserves ====
There are currently 14 [[Urban Indian reserve|urban reserves]] in Manitoba:<ref>Indigenous Services Canada. 2021 March 32. "[https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1100100020463/1616074450028 Urban reserves in Manitoba]." Government of Canada. Retrieved 2023 April 1.</ref>

* [[Opaskwayak Cree Nation]] — adjacent to [[The Pas]]
* [[Swan Lake First Nation]]'s urban reserve land — within the [[Rural Municipality of Headingley]]
* [[Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation]]'s urban reserve land — adjacent to [[Winnipeg]]
* [[Sapotaweyak Cree Nation]]'s two parcels of urban reserve land — both within [[Swan River, Manitoba|Swan River]]
* [[Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation|Nisichawaysihk Cree Nation]]'s urban reserve land — within [[Thompson, Manitoba|Thompson]]
* [[Birdtail Sioux First Nation]]'s urban reserve land — within [[Foxwarren]] in [[Prairie View Municipality]]
* [[War Lake First Nation]]'s 40 parcels of urban reserve land — in [[Ilford, Manitoba|Ilford]]
* [[Long Plain First Nation]]'s two urban reserve lands — one adjacent to [[Portage la Prairie]] and one within Winnipeg
* [[Gambler First Nation]]'s urban reserve business park — in [[Brandon, Manitoba|Brandon]]
* [[Peguis First Nation]]'s urban reserve land — within Winnipeg
* [[Rolling River First Nation]]'s urban reserve land — in the [[Rural Municipality of Headingley]]
* [[Waywayseecappo First Nation]]'s urban reserve land — in the [[Rural Municipality of Elton]]

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian reserves in Canada#Indian reserves in Manitoba|Indian Reserves in Manitoba]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050903164319/http://www.manitobachiefs.com/treaty/retracing.html Manitoba Chiefs website regarding the history of Treaties in Manitoba]

{{Canada topic|First Nations in|First Nations in Canada}}

[[Category:First Nations in Manitoba| ]]
[[Category:Lists of populated places in Manitoba|First Nations]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Canada-related lists|First Nations, Manitoba]]