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{{merge to|Battle of Manzanillo|date=March 2025|discuss=Talk:First Battle of Manzanillo#Requested move 30 March 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|image       = USS Wompatuck 21 April 1899.PNG
|image_size  = 300px
|caption     = USS ''Wompatuck'', circa 21 April 1899
|partof      = the [[Spanish–American War]]
|date        = 30 June 1898
|place       = [[Manzanillo, Cuba|Manzanillo]], [[Captaincy General of Cuba|Cuba]]
|result      = Spanish victory
|conflict    = First Battle of Manzanillo
|combatant1  = {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]
|combatant2  = {{flagcountry|United States|1896}} 
|commander1  = {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} Joaquín Barreda
|commander2  = {{flagdeco|United States|1896}}  [[Lucien Young]] 
|strength1   = 4 gunboats <br> 3 pontoons <br> 3 field guns
|strength2   = 2 gunboats <br> 1 armed tug
|casualties1 = 2 killed <br> 4 wounded <br> 1 gunboat damaged
|casualties2 = 1 killed <br> 2 wounded <br> 2 gunboats damaged <br> 1 armed tug damaged
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Spanish-American War: Cuba}}
}}

The '''First Battle of Manzanillo''' was a series of naval engagements during the [[Spanish–American War]] on 30 June 1898 in and outside of the harbor of [[Manzanillo, Cuba]]. Three American gunboats were forced to retire after attacking a squadron of Spanish gunboats and auxiliaries.

==Background==
After the [[blockade]] of [[Santiago de Cuba|Santiago]], the Spanish attempted to resupply the city by taking in provisions from ports on the southern coast of Cuba that were not blockaded. Aware of the situation, the American [[consul (representative)|consul]] at [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] sent word to the military that the Spanish were preparing to send a resupply convoy from that city to the southern coast. To thwart these efforts, on 28 June President McKinley extended the blockade to include the southern coast of Cuba as well as Puerto Rico. In order to enforce the blockade, a flotilla of gunboats and auxiliaries — including the {{USS|Hist||6}}, {{USS|Hornet|1898|2}}, and {{USS|Wompatuck||2}}—was sent to patrol the area. The three American vessels began operations by conducting reconnaissance of the area between Santa Cruz and Manzanillo.

==Battle==

===Action at Niguero===
While patrolling near the [[Niguero Bay]], the small, {{convert|30|LT|t|lk=on|abbr=on}} Spanish gunboat ''Centinela'' was sighted, and the Americans decided to engage her. Since ''Wompatuck'' had a deep [[Draft (watercraft)|draft]], ''Hornet'' and ''Hist'' moved in close to engage the vessel. Upon nearing her, ''Centinela'' opened fire with her two Maxim guns. Spanish troops from the shore also began firing on the Americans but were chased away when their fire was returned. ''Centinela''′s aft gun was knocked out, and the vessel then attempted to escape by maneuvering behind a small cay out of the Americans' line of sight. This effort proved futile though, since the Americans still managed to hit the vessel, which was run aground by her crew. However, ''Centinela'' would later be refloated and join the Spanish squadron at Manzanillo.<ref>Rodríguez González, p. 118</ref>

===Action at Manzanillo===
The three gunboats then continued towards Manzanillo, where they were spotted by a squadron of Spanish vessels which consisted of the gunboats ''Guantánamo'', ''Estrella'' and ''Delgado Parejo'', each one crewed by 19 sailors and officers, plus three armed pontoons.<ref name="Rodr119">Rodríguez González, p. 119</ref> The pontoons were ''Guardián'', crewed by four gunners manning an old [[Parrott gun]], ''Cuba Española'', an old wooden gunboat armed with a Parrott gun and crewed by seven men, and an old sailboat used as a [[barracks ship]].<ref name="Rodr119"/> There were also many commercial vessels in port. The Americans opened fire at 15:20, and the Spanish accurately responded, hitting all three of the ships several times. ''Hist'' took several hits, including some near its engine room, and ''Hornet'' took a disabling shot to its main steam pipe, severely [[scalding]] three men, at least one of which died. Contrary to the American reports, ''Hist'' did not sink any Spanish boats before ''Hornet'' was towed out of action by ''Wompatuck'', which had only been damaged lightly compared to the other American vessels. As ''Wompatuck'' began to tow ''Hornet'', the Spanish began to fire on those vessels. Starting to take damage and casualties, the Americans decided to withdraw, since their gunboats' armaments were not enough to destroy the rest of the Spanish squadron.

==Aftermath==
Two vessels sent to rendezvous with the Americans arrived a day later, and made another attempt at silencing the Spaniards but were also [[Second Battle of Manzanillo|repulsed]]. The Spanish vessels were later repaired, leaving the squadron mostly intact. More reinforcements would arrive by mid-July, and on the 18th a third decisive [[Third Battle of Manzanillo|engagement]] was fought, finally destroying the small Spanish fleet once and for all. Although the fleet was destroyed, the town's garrison continued to hold out until August, when the Fourth Battle of Manzanillo was fought.

==See also==
* [[Second Battle of Manzanillo]]
* [[Third Battle of Manzanillo]]

==Order of battle==

[[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]

''Gunboats''

* ''Estrella'' 
* ''Guantánamo''
* ''Centinela''
* ''Delgado Parejo''

''Pontoons''

* ''Maria''
* ''Cuba Española''
* ''Guardián''

[[United States]]

''Gunboats''
* {{USS|Hist|1895|6}}
* {{USS|Hornet|1898|6}}

''Armed tugs''
* {{USS|Wompatuck|YT-27|6}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|first=Herbert Wrigley|last=Wilson|title=The Downfall of Spain: Naval History of the Spanish–American War|url=https://archive.org/details/downfallspainna01wilsgoog|publisher=Low, Marston and Company|year=1900}}
* {{cite book|title=Operaciones de la Guerra de 1898: una revisión crítica|author=Agustín Ramón Rodríguez González|year=1998|publisher=Actas Editorial|isbn=84-87863-72-8}}

{{coord|20|20|36.02|N|77|7|29.37|W|scale:100000_region:CU|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manzanillo 01}}
[[Category:Naval battles of the Spanish–American War]]
[[Category:Battles involving Cuba]]
[[Category:Manzanillo, Cuba|Battle of Manzanillo 01]]
[[Category:1898 in Cuba|Battle of Manzanillo 01]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1898]]
[[Category:June 1898 in North America|Battle of Manzanillo 01]]