View source for Fieldata

{{short description|Military communication project and ASCII precursor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
{{infobox character encoding
| name = FIELDATA character encoding
| caption = Military primary (1xxxxxx) code, a representative military supervisory (0xxxxxx) code, UNIVAC graphical code.
| image = Fieldata.svg
| classification = 7-bit or [[Six-bit character code|6-bit]] [[ISO Basic Latin alphabet|basic Latin]] encoding
| prev = [[International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2|ITA 2]]
| next = [[US-ASCII]]
}}
'''FIELDATA''' (also written as '''Fieldata''') was a pioneering computer project run by the [[United States Army|US Army]] [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|Signal Corps]] in the late 1950s that intended to create a single standard (as defined in ''[[MIL-STD-188|MIL-STD-188A/B/C]]''{{sfn|Mackenzie|1980}}<ref name="MIL-STD-188A">{{citation |title=Military Communication System Technical Standard, MIL-STD-188A |date=1958-04-25}}</ref><ref name="MIL-STD-188B">{{citation |title=Military Communication System Technical Standard, MIL-STD-188B |date=1964-02-24}}</ref><ref name="MIL-STD-188C">{{citation |title=Military Communication System Technical Standard, MIL-STD-188C |date=1969-11-24}}</ref>) for collecting and distributing battlefield information. In this respect it could be thought of as a generalization of the [[United States Air Force|US Air Force]]'s [[Semi Automatic Ground Environment|SAGE]] system that was being created at about the same time.

Unlike SAGE, FIELDATA was intended to be much larger in scope, allowing information to be gathered from any number of sources and forms. Much of the FIELDATA system was the specifications for the format the data would take, leading to a [[character set]] that would be a huge influence on [[ASCII]] a few years later.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1980}}{{sfn|Jennings|2020}} FIELDATA also specified the message formats and even the electrical standards for connecting FIELDATA-standard machines together.

Another part of the FIELDATA project was the design and construction of computers at several different scales, from data-input terminals at one end, to theatre-wide data processing centers at the other. Several FIELDATA-standard computers were built during the lifetime of the project, including the transportable [[MOBIDIC]] from [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]], and the [[BASICPAC]] and [[LOGICPAC]] from [[Philco computers|Philco]]. Another system, [[ARTOC]], was intended to provide graphical output (in the form of [[photographic slide]]s),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kent |first1=Allen |last2=Lancour |first2=Harold |title=Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 5 - Circulation to Coordinate Indexing |date=1971 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780824720056 |pages=395, 398 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvWkHF_6NAgC&q=%22ARTOC%22&pg=PA395 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Army Tactical Operations Central (ARTOC) information system |url=http://sr-ix.com/ARCHIVE/ARTOC/index.html |website=sr-ix.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Man in Command Information Processing Systems--A Research Program |date=1963 |pages=1–4 |chapter-url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA079172 |language=en |chapter=THE ARTOC}}</ref> but was never completed.

Because FIELDATA did not specify codes for interconnection and data transmission control, different systems (like "''STANDARD FORM''", "''COMLOGNET Common language code''", "''SACCOMNET (465L) Control Code''"<ref name="ITT_1968">{{cite book |title=Reference Data for Radio Engineers |author=[[International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation]] (ITT) |date=1968 |edition=5 |pages=Appendix |isbn= 978-0-672-20678-8 |publisher=[[Howard W. Sams and Co.]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1N1FAQAAIAAJ |access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref>{{sfn|Jennings|2020}}) used different control functions. Intercommunication between them was difficult.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1980}}

FIELDATA is the original character set used internally in [[UNIVAC]] computers of the [[UNIVAC 1100/2200 series|1100 series]], each six-bit character contained in six sequential bits of the 36-bit word of that computer. The direct successor to the UNIVAC 1100 is the [[Unisys]] [[UNIVAC 1100/2200 series|2200 series]] computers, which used FIELDATA  (although [[ASCII]] is now also common with each character encoded in 1/4 of a word, or 9 bits). Because some of the FIELDATA characters are not represented in ASCII, the Unisys 2200 uses '^', '"' and '_' characters for codes 004<sub>[[octal|oct]]</sub>, 076<sub>oct</sub> and 077<sub>oct</sub> respectively.

The FIELDATA project ran from 1956{{citation needed|reason=Some sources state 1957 rather than 1956. Research the truth. |date=May 2016}} until it was stopped during a reorganization in 1962.{{citation needed|reason=If stopped in 1962, what was the FIELDATA-specific stuff in MIL-STD-188C as of 1969 then? |date=May 2016}}

=={{anchor|IDL|CUC|CLC|CHT|CCR|CSP|D0|D1|D2|D3|D4|D5|D6|D7|D8|D9|SCB|SBK|RTT|RTR|NRR|EBE|EBK|EOF|ECB|ACK|RPT|INS|NIS|CWF|SAC|SPC|DEL|MS|UC|LC|SP}}FIELDATA characters==
=== Military ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!Tag Bit (1)!!Indicator Bits (2)!!Detail Bits (4)!!Binary Bits (1+6)!!Decimal!![[Octal]]!!Glyph!!Name!!Comment
|-
!colspan=9|Supervisory code (tag bit 0)
|-
| 0||00||0000||0:000000||0||000||||Blank / Idle (IDL)||
|-
| 0||00||0001||0:000001||1||001||||Control Upper Case (CUC)||
|-
| 0||00||0010||0:000010||2||002||||Control Lower Case (CLC)||
|-
| 0||00||0011||0:000011||3||003||||Control Tab (CHT)||
|-
| 0||00||0100||0:000100||4||004||||Control Carriage Return (CCR)||
|-
| 0||00||0101||0:000101||5||005||||Control Space (CSP)||
|-
| 0||00||0110||0:000110||6||006||a||
|rowspan=26 style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; max-width: 10em"|The first two rows of the supervisory code are not used in all applications, only where "alphabetic supervisory information" is required.{{sfn|Leubbert|1960a|p=196}} COMLOGNET omits them, while SACCOMNET includes additional control characters in place of the supervisory letters.{{sfn|Jennings|2020}}
|-
| 0||00||0111||0:000111||7||007||b||
|-
| 0||00||1000||0:001000||8||010||c||
|-
| 0||00||1001||0:001001||9||011||d||
|-
| 0||00||1010||0:001010||10||012||e||
|-
| 0||00||1011||0:001011||11||013||f||
|-
| 0||00||1100||0:001100||12||014||g||
|-
| 0||00||1101||0:001101||13||015||h||
|-
| 0||00||1110||0:001110||14||016||i||
|-
| 0||00||1111||0:001111||15||017||j||
|-
| 0||01||0000||0:010000||16||020||k||
|-
| 0||01||0001||0:010001||17||021||l||
|-
| 0||01||0010||0:010010||18||022||m||
|-
| 0||01||0011||0:010011||19||023||n||
|-
| 0||01||0100||0:010100||20||024||o||
|-
| 0||01||0101||0:010101||21||025||p||
|-
| 0||01||0110||0:010110||22||026||q||
|-
| 0||01||0111||0:010111||23||027||r||
|-
| 0||01||1000||0:011000||24||030||s||
|-
| 0||01||1001||0:011001||25||031||t||
|-
| 0||01||1010||0:011010||26||032||u||
|-
| 0||01||1011||0:011011||27||033||v||
|-
| 0||01||1100||0:011100||28||034||w||
|-
| 0||01||1101||0:011101||29||035||x||
|-
| 0||01||1110||0:011110||30||036||y||
|-
| 0||01||1111||0:011111||31||037||z||
|-
| 0||10||0000||0:100000||32||040||β||Dial 0 (D0)||rowspan=3 style="text-align: left;"|Graphical in COMLOGNET variant.{{sfn|Jennings|2020}}
|-
| 0||10||0001||0:100001||33||041||#||Dial 1 (D1)
|-
| 0||10||0010||0:100010||34||042||t||Dial 2 (D2)
|-
| 0||10||0011||0:100011||35||043||||Dial 3 (D3)||
|-
| 0||10||0100||0:100100||36||044||||Dial 4 (D4)||
|-
| 0||10||0101||0:100101||37||045||@||Dial 5 (D5)||rowspan=3 style="text-align: left;"|Graphical in COMLOGNET variant.
|-
| 0||10||0110||0:100110||38||046||%||Dial 6 (D6)
|-
| 0||10||0111||0:100111||39||047||¢||Dial 7 (D7)
|-
| 0||10||1000||0:101000||40||050||||Dial 8 (D8)||style="text-align: left;"|[[Bell character|BEL]] in COMLOGNET.
|-
| 0||10||1001||0:101001||41||051||&||Dial 9 (D9)||rowspan=5 style="text-align: left;"|Graphical in COMLOGNET variant.
|-
| 0||10||1010||0:101010||42||052||Σ||Start of Control Block (SCB, SOC)
|-
| 0||10||1011||0:101011||43||053||≠||Start of Block (SBK, SOB)
|-
| 0||10||1100||0:101100||44||054||≢||Spare, SOD
|-
| 0||10||1101||0:101101||45||055||°||Spare
|-
| 0||10||1110||0:101110||46||056||||Spare||
|-
| 0||10||1111||0:101111||47||057||||Spare, Stop||
|-
| 0||11||0000||0:110000||48||060||||Ready to Transmit (RTT)||
|-
| 0||11||0001||0:110001||49||061||||Ready to Receive (RTR)||
|-
| 0||11||0010||0:110010||50||062||||Not Ready to Receive (NRR)||
|-
| 0||11||0011||0:110011||51||063||||End of Blockette (EBE, EOBK)||
|-
| 0||11||0100||0:110100||52||064||||End of Block (EBK, EOB)||
|-
| 0||11||0101||0:110101||53||065||||End of File (EOF)||
|-
| 0||11||0110||0:110110||54||066||||End of Control Block (ECB, EOC)||
|-
| 0||11||0111||0:110111||55||067||||Acknowledge Receipt (ACK, ACR)||
|-
| 0||11||1000||0:111000||56||070||||Repeat Block (RPT, RBK)||
|-
| 0||11||1001||0:111001||57||071||||Spare||rowspan=4 style="text-align: left;"|Ordered ISN, NISN, CWF, Spare in some variants.{{sfn|Jennings|2020}}
|-
| 0||11||1010||0:111010||58||072||||Interpret Sign (INS, ISN)
|-
| 0||11||1011||0:111011||59||073||||Non-Interpret Sign (NIS, NISN)
|-
| 0||11||1100||0:111100||60||074||||Control Word Follows (CWF)
|-
| 0||11||1101||0:111101||61||075||||S.A.C. (SAC)||
|-
| 0||11||1110||0:111110||62||076||||Special Character (SPC)||style="text-align:left"|ASCII [[escape character#ASCII escape character|ESC]].{{sfn|Jennings|2020}}
|-
| 0||11||1111||0:111111||63||077||||Delete (DEL)||
|-
!colspan=9|Primary code (tag bit 1)
|- 
| 1||00||0000||1:000000||64||100||||Master Space (MS)||
|-
| 1||00||0001||1:000001||65||101||||Upper Case (UC)||
|-
| 1||00||0010||1:000010||66||102||||Lower Case (LC)||
|-
| 1||00||0011||1:000011||67||103||||Tab (HT)||
|-
| 1||00||0100||1:000100||68||104||||Carriage Return (CR)||
|-
| 1||00||0101||1:000101||69||105||||Blank / Space (SP)||
|-
| 1||00||0110||1:000110||70||106||A||||
|-
| 1||00||0111||1:000111||71||107||B||||
|-
| 1||00||1000||1:001000||72||110||C||||
|-
| 1||00||1001||1:001001||73||111||D||||
|-
| 1||00||1010||1:001010||74||112||E||||
|-
| 1||00||1011||1:001011||75||113||F||||
|-
| 1||00||1100||1:001100||76||114||G||||
|-
| 1||00||1101||1:001101||77||115||H||||
|-
| 1||00||1110||1:001110||78||116||I||||
|-
| 1||00||1111||1:001111||79||117||J||||
|-
| 1||01||0000||1:010000||80||120||K||||
|-
| 1||01||0001||1:010001||81||121||L||||
|-
| 1||01||0010||1:010010||82||122||M||||
|-
| 1||01||0011||1:010011||83||123||N||||
|-
| 1||01||0100||1:010100||84||124||O||||
|-
| 1||01||0101||1:010101||85||125||P||||
|-
| 1||01||0110||1:010110||86||126||Q||||
|-
| 1||01||0111||1:010111||87||127||R||||
|-
| 1||01||1000||1:011000||88||130||S||||
|-
| 1||01||1001||1:011001||89||131||T||||
|-
| 1||01||1010||1:011010||90||132||U||||
|-
| 1||01||1011||1:011011||91||133||V||||
|-
| 1||01||1100||1:011100||92||134||W||||
|-
| 1||01||1101||1:011101||93||135||X||||
|-
| 1||01||1110||1:011110||94||136||Y||||
|-
| 1||01||1111||1:011111||95||137||Z||||
|-
| 1||10||0000||1:100000||96||140||)||||
|-
| 1||10||0001||1:100001||97||141||-||||
|-
| 1||10||0010||1:100010||98||142||+||||
|-
| 1||10||0011||1:100011||99||143||<||||
|-
| 1||10||0100||1:100100||100||144||=||||
|-
| 1||10||0101||1:100101||101||145||>||||
|-
| 1||10||0110||1:100110||102||146||_||||style="text-align:left"|& in UNIVAC.
|-
| 1||10||0111||1:100111||103||147||$||||
|-
| 1||10||1000||1:101000||104||150||*||||
|-
| 1||10||1001||1:101001||105||151||(||||
|-
| 1||10||1010||1:101010||106||152||"||||style="text-align:left"|% in UNIVAC.
|-
| 1||10||1011||1:101011||107||153||:||||
|-
| 1||10||1100||1:101100||108||154||?||||
|-
| 1||10||1101||1:101101||109||155||!||||
|-
| 1||10||1110||1:101110||110||156||,||||
|-
| 1||10||1111||1:101111||111||157||||Stop (ST)||
|-
| 1||11||0000||1:110000||112||160||0||||
|-
| 1||11||0001||1:110001||113||161||1||||
|-
| 1||11||0010||1:110010||114||162||2||||
|-
| 1||11||0011||1:110011||115||163||3||||
|-
| 1||11||0100||1:110100||116||164||4||||
|-
| 1||11||0101||1:110101||117||165||5||||
|-
| 1||11||0110||1:110110||118||166||6||||
|-
| 1||11||0111||1:110111||119||167||7||||
|-
| 1||11||1000||1:111000||120||170||8||||
|-
| 1||11||1001||1:111001||121||171||9||||
|-
| 1||11||1010||1:111010||122||172||'||||
|-
| 1||11||1011||1:111011||123||173||;||||
|-
| 1||11||1100||1:111100||124||174||/||||
|-
| 1||11||1101||1:111101||125||175||.||||
|-
| 1||11||1110||1:111110||126||176||||Special Character (SPEC)||
|-
| 1||11||1111||1:111111||127||177||||Backspace (BS)||
|}

=== UNIVAC ===
The code version used on the UNIVAC was based on the second half (primary code) of the military version with some changes.{{sfn|Walker|1996}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!Indicator Bits (2)!!Detail Bits (4)!!Binary Bits (6)!!Decimal!![[Octal]]!!Glyph!!Name!!Comments
|-
| 00|| 0000|| 000000||0||00||@||||style="text-align:left;"|Sometimes switched with Δ{{sfn|Walker|1996}}
|-
| 00|| 0001|| 000001||1||01||[||||
|-
| 00|| 0010|| 000010||2||02||]||||
|-
| 00|| 0011|| 000011||3||03||#||||style="text-align:left;"|Line Feed (LF) on 1107 and 1108{{sfn|Walker|1996}}
|-
| 00|| 0100|| 000100||4||04||Δ||Delta||style="text-align:left;"|Carriage Return (CR) on 1107 and 1108{{sfn|Walker|1996}}
|-
| 00|| 0101|| 000101||5||05||||Blank / Space (SP)||
|-
| 00|| 0110|| 000110||6||06||A||||
|-
| 00|| 0111|| 000111||7||07||B||||
|-
| 00|| 1000|| 001000||8||10||C||||
|-
| 00|| 1001|| 001001||9||11||D||||
|-
| 00|| 1010|| 001010||10||12||E||||
|-
| 00|| 1011|| 001011||11||13||F||||
|-
| 00|| 1100|| 001100||12||14||G||||
|-
| 00|| 1101|| 001101||13||15||H||||
|-
| 00|| 1110|| 001110||14||16||I||||
|-
| 00|| 1111|| 001111||15||17||J||||
|-
| 01|| 0000|| 010000||16||20||K||||
|-
| 01|| 0001|| 010001||17||21||L||||
|-
| 01|| 0010|| 010010||18||22||M||||
|-
| 01|| 0011|| 010011||19||23||N||||
|-
| 01|| 0100|| 010100||20||24||O||||
|-
| 01|| 0101|| 010101||21||25||P||||
|-
| 01|| 0110|| 010110||22||26||Q||||
|-
| 01|| 0111|| 010111||23||27||R||||
|-
| 01|| 1000|| 011000||24||30||S||||
|-
| 01|| 1001|| 011001||25||31||T||||
|-
| 01|| 1010|| 011010||26||32||U||||
|-
| 01|| 1011|| 011011||27||33||V||||
|-
| 01|| 1100|| 011100||28||34||W||||
|-
| 01|| 1101|| 011101||29||35||X||||
|-
| 01|| 1110|| 011110||30||36||Y||||
|-
| 01|| 1111|| 011111||31||37||Z||||
|-
| 10|| 0000|| 100000||32||40||)||||
|-
| 10|| 0001|| 100001||33||41||-||||
|-
| 10|| 0010|| 100010||34||42||+||||
|-
| 10|| 0011|| 100011||35||43||<||||
|-
| 10|| 0100|| 100100||36||44||=||||
|-
| 10|| 0101|| 100101||37||45||>||||
|-
| 10|| 0110|| 100110||38||46||&||||style="text-align:left;"|Changed from _ in military version.
|-
| 10|| 0111|| 100111||39||47||$||||
|-
| 10|| 1000|| 101000||40||50||*||||
|-
| 10|| 1001|| 101001||41||51||(||||
|-
| 10|| 1010|| 101010||42||52||%||||style="text-align:left;"|Changed from " in military version.
|-
| 10|| 1011|| 101011||43||53||:||||
|-
| 10|| 1100|| 101100||44||54||?||||
|-
| 10|| 1101|| 101101||45||55||!||||
|-
| 10|| 1110|| 101110||46||56||,||||
|-
| 10|| 1111|| 101111||47||57||\||||style="text-align:left;"|Stop sign (🛑︎) on 1107 and 1108{{sfn|Walker|1996}}
|-
| 11|| 0000|| 110000||48||60||0||||
|-
| 11|| 0001|| 110001||49||61||1||||
|-
| 11|| 0010|| 110010||50||62||2||||
|-
| 11|| 0011|| 110011||51||63||3||||
|-
| 11|| 0100|| 110100||52||64||4||||
|-
| 11|| 0101|| 110101||53||65||5||||
|-
| 11|| 0110|| 110110||54||66||6||||
|-
| 11|| 0111|| 110111||55||67||7||||
|-
| 11|| 1000|| 111000||56||70||8||||
|-
| 11|| 1001|| 111001||57||71||9||||
|-
| 11|| 1010|| 111010||58||72||'||||
|-
| 11|| 1011|| 111011||59||73||;||||
|-
| 11|| 1100|| 111100||60||74||/||||
|-
| 11|| 1101|| 111101||61||75||.||||
|-
| 11|| 1110|| 111110||62||76||⌑||[[Lozenge (shape)|Lozenge]]||
|-
| 11|| 1111|| 111111||63||77||≠||Not Equal||style="text-align:left;"|Idle character (IDLE) on some models{{sfn|Walker|1996}}
|}

==Character map==
<!--
Potentially misleading to keep the Bettencourt reference on the table as the supervisory tag byte is inverted compared to Bettencourt, in conformance with Leubbert and Jennings, as well as other differences (e.g. not mapping the dialer controls to subscript numbers). Keeping here in case it is ever useful.

<ref name="Bettencourt_2017">{{cite web|last1=Bettencourt|first1=Rebecca|title=Fieldata|url=http://www.kreativekorp.com/charset/encoding.php?name=Fieldata|publisher=Kreative Korporation|access-date=15 July 2017}}</ref>
-->

===Military version===
The following table is representative of a reference version of the military set, as described in {{harvtxt|Leubbert|1960b}}. Various other variants exist, with in some cases dramatic differences in the supervisory code (the first four rows 0–3).{{sfn|Jennings|2020}} The letters in the first two rows are intended for use in "alphabetic supervisory information".{{sfn|Leubbert|1960a|p=196}}

{|{{chset-table-header1|FIELDATA (military){{sfn|Jennings|2020}}{{sfn|Leubbert|1960b}}}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|0x}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|0 U+0000 NULL|&nbsp;[[Null character|IDL]]}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|1 |[[Uppercase|CUC]]}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|2 |[[Lowercase|CLC]]}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|3 U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION|[[Tab character|CHT]]}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|4 U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)|[[Newline|CCR]]}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|5 U+0020 SPACE|[[Space character|CSP]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0061|6 U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A|[[a]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0062|7 U+0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B|[[b]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0063|8 U+0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C|[[c]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0064|9 U+0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D|[[d]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0065|10 U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E|[[e]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0066|11 U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F|[[f]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0067|12 U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G|[[g]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0068|13 U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H|[[h]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0069|14 U+0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I|[[i]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=006A|15 U+006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J|[[j]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|1x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=006B|16 U+006B LATIN SMALL LETTER K|[[k]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=006C|17 U+006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L|[[l]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=006D|18 U+006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M|[[m]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=006E|19 U+006E LATIN SMALL LETTER N|[[n]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=006F|20 U+006F LATIN SMALL LETTER O|[[o]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0070|21 U+0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P|[[p]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0071|22 U+0071 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|[[q]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0072|23 U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R|[[r]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0073|24 U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S|[[s]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0074|25 U+0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T|[[t]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0075|26 U+0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U|[[u]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0076|27 U+0076 LATIN SMALL LETTER V|[[v]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0077|28 U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W|[[w]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0078|29 U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X|[[x]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0079|30 U+0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|[[y]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=007A|31 U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|[[z]]}}
|- 
|{{chset-left1|2x}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|32 |&nbsp;D0&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|33 |&nbsp;D1&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|34 |&nbsp;D2&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|35 |&nbsp;D3&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|36 |&nbsp;D4&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|37 |&nbsp;D5&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|38 |&nbsp;D6&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|39 |&nbsp;D7&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|40 |&nbsp;D8&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|41 |&nbsp;D9&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|42 |SCB}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|43 U+0001 START OF HEADING|SBK}}
|{{chset-cell1|44 ||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|45 ||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|46 ||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|47 ||style=background:#DDD}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|3x}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|48 |RTT}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|49 |RTR}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|50 |NRR}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|51 |EBE}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|52 U+0017 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|EBK}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|53 |EOF}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|54 |ECB}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|55 U+0006 ACKNOWLEDGE|ACK}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|56 U+0015 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|RPT}}
|{{chset-cell1|57 ||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|58 |&nbsp;INS}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|59 |&nbsp;NIS}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|60 |CWF}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|61 |SAC}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|62 U+001B ESCAPE|SPC}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|63 U+007F DELETE|DEL}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|4x}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|64 |&nbsp;MS&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|65 |&nbsp;[[Uppercase|UC]]&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|66 |&nbsp;[[Lowercase|LC]]&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|67 U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION|&nbsp;[[Tab character|HT]]&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|68 U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)|&nbsp;[[Newline|CR]]&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|69 U+00A0 NON-BREAKING SPACE|&nbsp;[[Space character|SP]]&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0041|70 U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|[[A]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0042|71 U+0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|[[B]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0043|72 U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|[[C]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0044|73 U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|[[D]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0045|74 U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|[[E]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0046|75 U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|[[F]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0047|76 U+0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|[[G]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0048|77 U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|[[H]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0049|78 U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|[[I]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004A|79 U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|[[J]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|5x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004B|80 U+004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|[[K]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004C|81 U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|[[L]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004D|82 U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|[[M]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004E|83 U+004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|[[N]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004F|84 U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|[[O]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0050|85 U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|[[P]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0051|86 U+0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|[[Q]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0052|87 U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|[[R]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0053|88 U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|[[S]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0054|89 U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|[[T]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0055|90 U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|[[U]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0056|91 U+0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|[[V]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0057|92 U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|[[W]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0058|93 U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|[[X]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0059|94 U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|[[Y]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=005A|95 U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|[[Z]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|6x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0029|96 U+0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS|[[Bracket|)]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002D|97 U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS|[[-]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002B|98 U+002B PLUS SIGN|[[Plus and minus signs|+]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003C|99 U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN|[[Less-than sign|<]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003D|100 U+003D EQUALS SIGN|[[equals sign|=]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003E|101 U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN|[[Greater-than sign|>]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=005F|102 U+005F LOW LINE|[[Underscore|_]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0024|103 U+0024 DOLLAR SIGN|[[Dollar sign|$]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002A|104 U+002A ASTERISK|[[Asterisk|*]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0028|105 U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS|[[Bracket|(]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0022|106 U+0022 QUOTATION MARK|[[Quotation mark|"]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003A|107 U+003A COLON|[[Colon (punctuation)|:]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003F|108 U+003F QUESTION MARK|[[Question mark|?]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0021|109 U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK|[[Exclamation mark|!]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002C|110 U+002C COMMA|[[Comma (punctuation)|,]]}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|111 |STOP}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|7x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0030|112 U+0030 DIGIT ZERO|[[0]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0031|113 U+0031 DIGIT ONE|[[1]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0032|114 U+0032 DIGIT TWO|[[2]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0033|115 U+0033 DIGIT THREE|[[3]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0034|116 U+0034 DIGIT FOUR|[[4]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0035|117 U+0035 DIGIT FIVE|[[5]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0036|118 U+0036 DIGIT SIX|[[6]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0037|119 U+0037 DIGIT SEVEN|[[7]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0038|120 U+0038 DIGIT EIGHT|[[8]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0039|121 U+0039 DIGIT NINE|[[9]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0027|122 U+0027 APOSTROPHE|[[Apostrophe|']]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003B|123 U+003B SEMICOLON|[[Semicolon|;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002F|124 U+002F SOLIDUS|[[Slash (punctuation)|/]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002E|125 U+002E FULL STOP|[[full stop|.]]}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|126 |SPEC}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|127 U+0008 BACKSPACE|&nbsp;[[Backspace character|BS]]&nbsp;}}
|}

===UNIVAC version===
The code version used on the UNIVAC was based on the second half (6-bit primary code) of the military version with some changes.{{sfn|Walker|1996}}
{|{{chset-table-header1|FIELDATA (UNIVAC){{sfn|Walker|1996}}}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|0x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0040|0 U+0040 COMMERCIAL AT|[[@]]|style=background:#FFD}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=005B|1 U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET|[[bracket|[]]|style=background:#FFD}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=005D|2 U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET|[[Bracket|&rsqb;]]|style=background:#FFD}}
|{{chset-cell1|3 U+0023 NUMBER SIGN or U+000A LINE FEED|[[Number sign|#]]/<small>[[newline|LF]]</small>|style=background:#FFD}}
|{{chset-cell1|4 U+0394 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN|[[Delta (letter)|Δ]]/<small>[[newline|CR]]</small>|style=background:#FFD}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|5 U+0020 SPACE|&nbsp;[[space character|SP]]&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0041|6 U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|[[A]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0042|7 U+0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|[[B]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0043|8 U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|[[C]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0044|9 U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|[[D]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0045|10 U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|[[E]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0046|11 U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|[[F]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0047|12 U+0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|[[G]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0048|13 U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|[[H]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0049|14 U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|[[I]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004A|15 U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|[[J]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|1x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004B|16 U+004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|[[K]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004C|17 U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|[[L]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004D|18 U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|[[M]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004E|19 U+004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|[[N]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=004F|20 U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|[[O]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0050|21 U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|[[P]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0051|22 U+0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|[[Q]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0052|23 U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|[[R]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0053|24 U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|[[S]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0054|25 U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|[[T]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0055|26 U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|[[U]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0056|27 U+0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|[[V]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0057|28 U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|[[W]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0058|29 U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|[[X]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0059|30 U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|[[Y]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=005A|31 U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|[[Z]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|2x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0029|32 U+0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS|[[Bracket|)]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002D|33 U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS|[[-]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002B|34 U+002B PLUS SIGN|[[Plus and minus signs|+]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003C|35 U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN|[[Less-than sign|<]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003D|36 U+003D EQUALS SIGN|[[equals sign|=]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003E|37 U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN|[[Greater-than sign|>]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0026|38 U+0026 AMPERSAND|[[Ampersand|&]]|style=background:#FFD}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0024|39 U+0024 DOLLAR SIGN|[[Dollar sign|$]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002A|40 U+002A ASTERISK|[[Asterisk|*]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0028|41 U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS|[[Bracket|(]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0025|42 U+0025 PERCENT SIGN|[[Percent sign|%]]|style=background:#FFD}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003A|43 U+003A COLON|[[Colon (punctuation)|:]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003F|44 U+003F QUESTION MARK|[[Question mark|?]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0021|45 U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK|[[Exclamation mark|!]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002C|46 U+002C COMMA|[[Comma (punctuation)|,]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=005C|47 U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS/1F6D1|[[Backslash|\]]/[[🛑|🛑&#xFE0E;]]|style=background:#FFD}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|3x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0030|48 U+0030 DIGIT ZERO|[[0]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0031|49 U+0031 DIGIT ONE|[[1]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0032|50 U+0032 DIGIT TWO|[[2]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0033|51 U+0033 DIGIT THREE|[[3]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0034|52 U+0034 DIGIT FOUR|[[4]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0035|53 U+0035 DIGIT FIVE|[[5]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0036|54 U+0036 DIGIT SIX|[[6]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0037|55 U+0037 DIGIT SEVEN|[[7]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0038|56 U+0038 DIGIT EIGHT|[[8]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0039|57 U+0039 DIGIT NINE|[[9]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0027|58 U+0027 APOSTROPHE|[[Apostrophe|']]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=003B|59 U+003B SEMICOLON|[[Semicolon|;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002F|60 U+002F SOLIDUS|[[Slash (punctuation)|/]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=002E|61 U+002E FULL STOP|[[full stop|.]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2311|62 U+2311 SQUARE LOZENGE|[[⌑]]|style=background:#FFD}}
|{{chset-cell1|63 U+2260 NOT EQUAL TO or U+0000 NULL|[[≠]]/<small>[[Null character|IDL]]</small>|style=background:#FFD}}
|}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References and further reading==
* {{cite web |title=Univac Fieldata Codes |author-first1=George |author-last1=Fleming |author-first2=Nathan L. |author-last2=James |date=2002-12-17 |version=1.0 |publisher=[[National Space Science Data Center]] (NSSDC), [[NASA Goddard Space Flight Center]] |location=Greenbelt, USA |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nssdc/formats/UnisysFieldata.htm |access-date=2016-05-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524005614/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nssdc/formats/UnisysFieldata.htm |archive-date=2016-05-24}}
* {{cite book |title=Fonts & Encodings |author-first=Yannis |author-last=Haralambous |translator-first=P. Scott |translator-last=Horne |location=Sebastopol, California, USA |publisher=[[O'Reilly Media, Inc.]] |date=September 2007 |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-596-10242-5 |page=29}}
* {{cite web |title=An annotated history of some character codes or ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Infiltration |author-first=Thomas Daniel |author-last=Jennings |author-link=Thomas Daniel Jennings |website=Sensitive research (SR-IX) |date=2020-03-17 |orig-year=1999 |url=https://www.sr-ix.com/Archive/CharCodeHist/index.html#FIELDATA |access-date=2020-03-17}}
* {{cite conference |title=Data Transmission Equipment Concepts for FIELDATA |author-first=William F. |author-last=Leubbert |date=1960a |conference=1959 Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference (WJCC) |publisher=[[American Federation of Information Processing Societies]] (AFIPS) |location=[[U.S. Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory]], [[Fort Monmouth]], New Jersey, USA |publication-place=Boston, USA |orig-year=1959-12-01/03 (International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge) |doi=10.1109/AFIPS.1959.27 |pages=189–196 |url=https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/afips/1959/5054/00/50540189.pdf |access-date=2016-05-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523110402/https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/afips/1959/5054/00/50540189.pdf |archive-date=2016-05-23}} [http://worldpowersystems.com/projects/codes/FIELDATA/index.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160522022631/http://worldpowersystems.com/projects/codes/FIELDATA/index.html]
* {{cite journal |title=Data Processing as a Tool for Generalizing Communications Systems |author-first=William F. |author-last=Leubbert |date=September 1960b |journal= [[Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics]]|volume=79 |issue=4 |doi=10.1109/TCE.1960.6367290 |pages=431–436 |s2cid=51649324 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf |title=Coded Character Sets, History and Development |series=The Systems Programming Series |author-last=Mackenzie |author-first=Charles E. |date=1980 |edition=1 |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.]] |isbn=978-0-201-14460-4 |lccn=77-90165 |pages=61, 64, 86 |access-date=2019-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526172151/https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf |archive-date=May 26, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}
* {{cite web |title=UNIVAC 1100 Series FIELDATA Code |work=UNIVAC Memories |author-first=John |author-last=Walker |date=1996-08-06 |url=https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/univac/fieldata.html |access-date=2016-05-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522120813/https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/univac/fieldata.html |archive-date=2016-05-22}}

{{character encoding}}

[[Category:Character sets]]
[[Category:Early computers]]