View source for Ferrari 375 F1

{{Short description|1950 Formula One racing car by Ferrari}}
{{Racing car
| Car_name = Ferrari 375
| Image = [[Image:Galleria Ferrari (12) (3955971732).jpg|frameless|upright=1.25]]
| caption = Ferrari 375 F1
| Category = [[Formula One]]
| WC_results_only = Y
| Constructor = [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| Designer = [[Aurelio Lampredi]]
| Predecessor = [[Ferrari 125 F1|125]]
| Successor = [[Ferrari 212 F1|212]]
| Team = [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| Drivers = 
| Technical ref = <ref name=StatsF1>{{cite web|publisher=Stats F1|title=Ferrari 275|url=http://www.statsf1.com/en/ferrari-275.aspx|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Stats F1|title=Ferrari 375|url=http://www.statsf1.com/en/ferrari-375.aspx|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Stats F1|title=Ferrari 375 Indy|url=http://www.statsf1.com/en/ferrari-375-indy.aspx|access-date=28 March 2016}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| Chassis = Single-seater, tubular frame
| Front suspension = 
| Rear suspension = 
| Wheelbase = {{convert|2320|mm|in|abbr=on}} <br> {{convert|2420|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| Track = 
| Engine name = 3.3&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Lampredi engine|Lampredi]]'' [[V12 engine|V12]], [[naturally aspirated]], [[FR layout|front engine]], [[longitudinal engine|longitudinally mounted]]<br>4.1&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Lampredi engine|Lampredi]]'' [[V12 engine|V12]], [[naturally aspirated]], [[FR layout|front engine]], [[longitudinal engine|longitudinally mounted]]<br>4.5&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Lampredi engine|Lampredi]]'' [[V12 engine|V12]], [[naturally aspirated]], [[FR layout|front engine]], [[longitudinal engine|longitudinally mounted]]
| Capacity = 
| Configuration = 
| Turbo/NA = 
| Engine position = 
| Gearbox name = [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| Gears = 4-speed
| Type = [[manual gearbox|manual]]
| Differential = 
| Weight = {{Convert|560|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| Fuel = [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]]
| Tyres = [[Pirelli]]<br>[[Firestone Tire and Rubber Company|Firestone]]
| Debut = [[1950 Belgian Grand Prix]]
| Races = 10
| Wins = 3
| Cons_champ = 0
| Drivers_champ = 0
| Poles = 3
| Fastest_laps = 0
| podiums = 13
}}

:''See also the [[Ferrari 340|340]] and [[Ferrari America|375]] road cars sharing the same engine''

After finding only modest success with the [[Supercharger|supercharged]] [[Ferrari 125 F1|125 F1]] car in [[Formula One]], [[Ferrari]] decided to switch for 1950 to the [[Naturally aspirated engine|naturally aspirated]] 4.5-litre formula for the series. Calling in [[Aurelio Lampredi]] to replace [[Gioacchino Colombo]] as technical director, [[Enzo Ferrari]] directed that the company work in stages to grow and develop an entirely new large-displacement [[V12 engine]] for racing.

The first outcome of Lampredi's work was the experimental '''[[Ferrari 275 S|275 S]]'''.  Just two of these racing [[barchetta]]s were built, based on the [[Ferrari 166 S|166 MM]] but using the experimental 3.3-litre V12. These were raced at the [[Mille Miglia]] of 1950 on April 23. Although one car held the overall lead for a time, both were forced to retire with mechanical failure before the end.

The '''275 F1''' made its debut at the [[1950 Belgian Grand Prix|Grand Prix of Belgium]] on June 18, sporting the same 3.3-litre (3322&nbsp;cc/202&nbsp;in³) version of [[Ferrari Lampredi engine|Lampredi's new engine]]. With three [[Weber carburetor|Weber]] 42DCF [[carburetor]]s, a [[Overhead camshaft#Single overhead camshaft|single overhead camshaft]] for each bank of cylinders, and two valves per cylinder, the engine produced a capable 300&nbsp;hp (224&nbsp;kW) at 7200 rpm.  [[Alberto Ascari]] drove the car to fifth place, marking the end of the 3.3-litre engine.

The 275 was replaced at the [[Circuit des Nations|Grand Prix of Nations]] at [[Geneva]] on July 30, 1950 by the '''340 F1'''. As the name suggests, the car sported a larger 4.1-litre (4101.66&nbsp;cc/250&nbsp;in³) version of Lampredi's V12. Other changes included a new [[de Dion tube]] rear suspension based on that in the [[Ferrari 166 F2|166 F2 car]] and four-speed gearbox. It had a longer {{convert|2420|mm|in|abbr=on}} wheelbase, but other dimensions remained the same. With 335&nbsp;hp (250&nbsp;kW), Ascari was able to keep up with the [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta|Alfa Romeo 158]] of [[Juan Manuel Fangio]] but retired with engine trouble. Although the 340 proved itself capable, it was only the middle step in Ferrari's 1950 car development.

Ferrari achieved the 4.5-litre goal of the formula with the '''375 F1''', two of which debuted at [[1950 Italian Grand Prix|Monza]] on September 3, 1950. This 4.5-litre (4493.73&nbsp;cc/274&nbsp;in³) engine produced roughly the same power as its 4.1-litre predecessor, but its tractability earned Ascari second place in that debut race. A series of modifications through the 1951 season allowed Ferrari to finally put [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] behind it in a Formula One race, with [[José Froilán González]]' victory at [[1951 British Grand Prix|Silverstone]] on July 14 becoming the constructor's first World Championship win. Ascari's wins at the [[1951 German Grand Prix|Nürburgring]] and [[1951 Italian Grand Prix|Monza]] and strong finishes throughout the season cemented the company's position as a Formula One contender.

[[File:Ferrari 375 Indy front-left Enzo Ferrari Museum.jpg|thumb|left|[[Johnnie Parsons]] intended to drive this '''Ferrari 375 Indianapolis''' in the [[1952 Indianapolis 500]] - he later elected to race the [[Kurtis Kraft]] in which he had driven the [[1949 Indianapolis 500|1949]] and [[1950 Indianapolis 500|1950]] events]]

Changes in the Formula One regulations led the company to shift the big engine to an [[Indianapolis 500|Indy car]], the 1952 '''375 Indianapolis'''. Three new Weber 40IF4C carburettors brought power output to 380 hp (279 kW),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://formula1.ferrari.com/en/375-indianapolis/|title=Ferrari 375 Indianapolis|website=formula1.ferrari.com|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref> the wheelbase was lengthened, and the chassis and suspension were strengthened. Although the car performed well in European testing, it was not able to meet the American challenge, with just one of four 375s even qualifying for the [[1952 Indianapolis 500]]. Ascari was the driver who did qualify the car for the race, starting 25th (out of 33 starters) with a qualifying speed of 134.3 [[Miles per hour|mp/h]] (the pole was won by American [[Chet Miller]] who pushed his supercharged [[Kurtis Kraft]]-[[Novi engine|Novi]] to 139.03 mp/h). Ascari would be classified in 31st place, completing only 40 of the 200 laps before being forced to retire with wheel failure, though he would go on to win the remaining six Grands Prix of the season to easily win his first World Championship from Ferrari teammate [[Giuseppe Farina]].

The big V12 was scrapped for 1954, as Formula One required a 2.5-litre engine. The new [[Ferrari 553 F1|553 F1]] adopted Lampredi's four cylinder engine, leaving the V12 for sports car use.

The 375 was driven during the [[2011 British Grand Prix]] weekend by then-current Ferrari driver [[Fernando Alonso]] as a tribute to the sixtieth anniversary of the Ferrari's first World Championship Grand Prix win at the [[1951 British Grand Prix]] at Silverstone, with Argentinean driver [[José Froilán González]] driving at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|website=telegraph.co.uk|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motorsport/formulaonediary/8632377/F1-diary-British-Grand-Prix.html|title=F1 diary: British Grand Prix|last=Arron|first=Simon|access-date=2016-07-31}}</ref>

==Technical data==

 {|  class="prettytable"
 |----- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
 !  width="20%"|Technical data
 !  width="20%"|275 F1
 !  width="20%"|340 F1
 !  width="20%"|375 F1
 !  width="20%"|375 Indy
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |Engine:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="4" align="center" |[[Front engine|Front mounted]] 60° 12 cylinder [[V engine]]
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Engine displacement|displacement]]:&nbsp;  ||  align="center" |3322&nbsp;cm³||  align="center"|4102&nbsp;cm³ ||  align="center" |4493&nbsp;cm³ ||  align="center" |4382&nbsp;cm³
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |Bore x stroke:&nbsp;  ||  align="center" |72 x 68&nbsp;mm||  align="center"|80 x 68&nbsp;mm ||  align="center" |80 x 74.5&nbsp;mm ||  align="center" |79 x 74.5&nbsp;mm
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Compression Ratio|Compression]]:&nbsp;  ||  align="center" |10.0:1||  align="center"|12.0:1 ||  align="center"|11.0:1 ||  align="center"|13.0:1
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |Max power at rpm:&nbsp;  ||  align="center" |300 hp at 7&nbsp;300 rpm||  align="center"|335 hp at 7&nbsp;000 rpm ||  align="center"|350 hp at 7&nbsp;000 rpm ||  align="center"|380 hp at 7&nbsp;500 rpm
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |Valve control:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="4" align="center" |[[SOHC|One overhead camshaft]] per cylinder bank, 2 [[valves]] per cylinder
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Carburetor]]:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="3" align="center" |3 Weber 42 DCF ||  align="center" |3 Weber 40 IF4C
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Gearbox]]:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="4" align="center" |4-speed manual, [[transaxle]]
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Car suspension|suspension]] front:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="4" align="center" |Double cross links, transverse leaf spring
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Car suspension|suspension]] rear:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="4" align="center" |[[De Dion axle]], double longitudinal links, transverse leaf spring
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Brake]]s:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="4" align="center" |Hydraulic drum brakes
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Chassis]] & [[Automobile body|body]]:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="4" align="center" |Oval tube frame with aluminum body
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[wheelbase]]:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="3" align="center" |232&nbsp;cm||  align="center" |254&nbsp;cm
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |[[Dry weight]]:&nbsp;  ||  colspan="2" align="center" |850&nbsp;kg ||  align="center" |  ||  align="center" |785&nbsp;kg
 |----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
 |Top speed:&nbsp;  ||  align="center" |280&nbsp;km/h ||  align="center" |300&nbsp;km/h ||  align="center" |320&nbsp;km/h ||  align="center" |330&nbsp;km/h
 |}

==Complete Formula One World Championship results==
([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) (results in '''bold''' indicate pole position, results in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Chassis
! Engine
! Tyres
! Drivers
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
|-
!rowspan="4"| {{F1|1950}}
|rowspan="4"| [[Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari]]
|rowspan="2"| Ferrari 275
|rowspan="2"| Ferrari 3.3 V12
|rowspan="4"| {{Pirelli}}
|
| [[1950 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
| [[1950 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
| [[1950 Indianapolis 500|500]]
| [[1950 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]
| [[1950 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
| [[1950 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
| [[1950 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Alberto Ascari]]
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| Ferrari 375
|rowspan="2"| Ferrari 4.5 V12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| Ret/2†
|
|-
| [[Dorino Serafini]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2†
|
|-
!rowspan="6"| {{F1|1951}}
|rowspan="6"| [[Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari]]
|rowspan="6"| Ferrari 375
|rowspan="6"| Ferrari 4.5 V12
|rowspan="6"| {{Pirelli}}
|
| [[1951 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]
| [[1951 Indianapolis 500|500]]
| [[1951 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
| [[1951 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
| [[1951 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
| [[1951 German Grand Prix|GER]]
| [[1951 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
| [[1951 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|-
| [[Luigi Villoresi]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 4
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 4
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|-
| [[Alberto Ascari]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 6
|
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| Ret/2†
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''1'''
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 1
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| '''4'''
|-
| [[Piero Taruffi]]
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2
|
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|-
| [[José Froilán González]]
|
|
|
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2†
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''1'''
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2
|-
| [[Chico Landi]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| {{F1|1952}}
|rowspan="2"| [[Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari]]
|rowspan="2"| Ferrari 375 Indy
|rowspan="2"| Ferrari 4.5 V12
|rowspan="2"| {{Firestone}}
|
| [[1952 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]
| [[1952 Indianapolis 500|500]]
| [[1952 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
| [[1952 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
| [[1952 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
| [[1952 German Grand Prix|GER]]
| [[1952 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]
| [[1952 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|-
| [[Alberto Ascari]]
|
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="14"|{{center|{{small|Source:<ref>{{cite book|last=Small|first=Steve|title=The Guinness Complete Grand Prix Who's Who|year=1994|publisher=Guinness|pages=37, 161, 218, 349, 378 and 388 |isbn=0851127029}}</ref>}}}}
|}

*† denotes a shared drive.

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author=Acerbi, Leonardo | title=Ferrari: All The Cars | publisher=Haynes Publishing| year=2012 | isbn=978-1-84425-581-8}}

==External links==
* [https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/history/garage/1950/275-f1 Ferrari 275 F1: Ferrari History]
* [https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/history/garage/1950/375-f1 Ferrari 375 F1: Ferrari History]
* [https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/history/garage/1952/375-indianapolis Ferrari 375 Indianapolis: Ferrari History]

{{Scuderia Ferrari}}
{{F1 cars 1950}}
{{F1 cars 1951}}

[[Category:Ferrari Formula One cars|375 F1]]