View source for Federal subjects of Russia

{{Short description|Federal constituent entities of Russia}}
{{About|the federal constituent units|the grouping of regions by a Presidential Decree|Federal districts of Russia}}
{{Redirect|Provinces of Russia|the historical administrative division|Provinces of the Russian Empire}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Federal subjects<br />{{nobold|{{native name|ru|Субъекты федерации}}}}
| map = File:Map of federal subjects of Russia (2022), disputed Crimea and Donbass.svg
| map_size = 300px
| caption = <div style=text-align:left>{{Legend|#00C160|[[Republics of Russia|Republics]]}}{{Legend|#FF8F3A|[[Krais of Russia|Krais]] (territories)}}{{Legend|#FFEC77|[[Oblasts of Russia|Oblasts]] (regions)}}{{Legend|#FF323D|[[Federal cities of Russia|Federal cities]]}}{{Legend|#C300FF|[[Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Autonomous oblast]] (autonomous region)}}{{Legend|#006989|[[Autonomous okrugs of Russia|Autonomous okrugs]] (autonomous areas with a substantial ethnic minority)}}Diagonal stripes indicate territory internationally recognized as parts of [[Ukraine]].</div>
| start_date = [[Treaty of Federation|31 March 1992]] (''de facto''){{clear}}12 December 1993 (''de jure'')
| current_number = [[#List|83]]
| category = [[Federalism|Federal]] [[Semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] [[republic|constitutional republic]]
| territory = {{flag|Russian Federation}}
| number_date = 
| population_range = 41,431 ([[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]) – 13,010,112 ([[Moscow]])
| area_range = ''{{Convert|864|sqkm|abbr=on}} ([[Sevastopol]])'' – {{Convert|3,103,200|sqkm|abbr=on}} ([[Sakha Republic]])
| government = Regional governments, [[Government of Russia|federal government]]
| subdivision = [[Districts of Russia|Districts]]
| status = 
| exofficio = 
}}

{{Politics of Russia|expanded=Federalism}}

The '''federal subjects of Russia''', also referred to as the '''subjects of the Russian Federation''' ({{langx|ru|субъекты Российской Федерации|subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii}}) or simply as the '''subjects of the federation''' ({{langx|ru|субъекты федерации|subyekty federatsii}}), are the [[administrative division|constituent entities]] of [[Russia]], its top-level political divisions.<ref name=gov_constitution/> According to the [[Constitution of Russia]], the federation consists of [[republics of Russia|republics]], [[krais of Russia|krais]], [[oblasts of Russia|oblasts]], [[federal cities of Russia|cities of federal importance]], an [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast|autonomous oblast]], and [[autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]], all of which are equal subjects of the federation.<ref name=gov_constitution/>

Every federal subject has its own [[governor (Russia)|head]], a [[regional parliaments of Russia|parliament]], and a constitutional court. Each subject has its own constitution or charter and legislation, although the authority of these organs differ. Subjects have equal rights in relations with federal government bodies.<ref name=gov_constitution/> The subjects have equal representation – two delegates each – in the [[Federation Council of Russia|Federation Council]], the [[upper house]] of the [[Federal Assembly of Russia|Federal Assembly]]. They differ in the degree of [[autonomous area|autonomy]] they enjoy; republics are offered more autonomy.

Post-Soviet Russia formed during the history of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] within the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] and did not change at the time of the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991. In 1992, during the so-called "[[parade of sovereignties]]", [[Nationalisms in Russia|separatist sentiments]] and the [[War of Laws]] within Russia, the Russian regions signed the [[Federation Treaty]] ({{langx|ru|Федеративный договор|Federativnyy dogovor}}),<ref>This treaty consisted of three treaties, see also Concluding and Transitional Provisions: [http://eng.constitution.kremlin.ru/#conclusion-1-4] [http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-10.htm#2222]</ref> establishing and regulating the current inner composition of Russia, based on the division of authorities and powers among Russian government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities. The Federation Treaty was included in the text of the [[Russian Constitution of 1978|1978 Constitution of the Russian SFSR]]. The current Constitution of Russia, adopted by federal referendum on 12 December 1993, came into force on 25 December 1993 and abolished the model of the [[Soviet republic (system of government)|Soviet system of government]] introduced in 1918 by [[Vladimir Lenin]] and based on the right to secede from the country and on unlimited sovereignty of federal subjects (in practice secession was never allowed), which conflicts with the country's integrity and federal laws. The new constitution eliminated a number of legal conflicts, reserved the rights of the regions, introduced local self-government and did not grant the Soviet-era right to secede from the country. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the political system became ''de jure'' closer to other modern [[Federal republic|federal states with a republican form of government]]. In the 2000s, following the policies of [[Vladimir Putin]] and of the ruling [[United Russia]] party, the Russian parliament changed the distribution of tax revenues, reduced the number of elections in the regions and gave more power to the federal authorities.

The Russian Federation was composed of 89 federal subjects in 1993. Mergers reduced the number to 83 by 2008. [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russia annexed Crimea]] from [[Ukraine]] in 2014, with the Russian government claiming Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea to be the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia, a move that is not recognized internationally.<ref name=Hea23>{{Cite book|editor-last=Heaney|editor-first=Dominic|title=The Territories of the Russian Federation 2023|edition=24th|year=2023|isbn=9781032469744|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-Territories-of-the-Russian-Federation-2023/Publications/p/book/9781032469744 |chapter=The Government of the Russian Federation|pages=43–51|location=Abingdon|publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{cite web|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318|title=Putin signs Crimea treaty as Ukraine serviceman dies in attack|author= Steve Gutterman and Pavel Polityuk|date= March 18, 2014|work= Reuters|access-date= May 7, 2016}}</ref> During the 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|Russia claimed that it had annexed]] four Ukrainian oblasts, though they remain internationally recognized as part of Ukraine and are only partially occupied by Russia.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-set-annex-ukraine-territory-west-warns-new-sanctions-2022-09-29/ |title=Putin to annex seized Ukrainian land, U.N. Warns of 'dangerous escalation' |newspaper=Reuters |date=September 29, 2022 }}</ref>

==Terminology==
An official government translation of the [[Constitution of Russia]] from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of [[republics of Russia|republics]], [[krais of Russia|krais]], [[oblasts of Russia|oblasts]], [[federal cities of Russia|cities of federal significance]], an [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast|autonomous oblast]], and [[autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]], which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian Federation."<ref name=gov_constitution>{{cite web |url= http://archive.government.ru/eng/gov/base/54.html |title=Constitution of the Russian Federation |publisher=Government of the Russian Federation |access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref> A translation provided by Garant-Internet instead uses the term "subjects of the Russian Federation".<ref name="constitution.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-02.htm |title=The Constitution of the Russian Federation|publisher=Garant-Internet|access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref>

Tom Fennell, a translator, told the 2008 [[American Translators Association]] conference that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation" is a better translation than "subject".<ref>{{cite journal |first=Irina |last=Knizhnik |date=2009 |title=On legal terminology, the jury is still out |url= https://www.ata-divisions.org/SLD/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2009-1-Winter-SlavFile.pdf |journal=SlavFile|volume=18|issue=1 |page=20 |publisher=Slavic Languages Division, [[American Translators Association]] |access-date=11 August 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201031130147/https://www.ata-divisions.org/SLD/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2009-1-Winter-SlavFile.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2020}}</ref> This was supported by Tamara Nekrasova, Head of Translation Department at Goltsblat [[Berwin Leighton Paisner|BLP]], who said in a 2011 presentation at a translators conference that "''constituent entity of the Russian Federation'' is more appropriate than ''subject of the Russian Federation'' (''subject'' would be OK for a monarchy)".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.eulita.eu/wp-content/uploads/files/Tammy_presentation.pdf |title=Traps & Mishaps in Legal Translation |first=Tamara |last=Nekrasova |date=2011 |publisher=Eulita |access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan=2 width=150|Rank (as given in constitution and ISO)
! colspan=2|Russian
! colspan=2|English translations of the constitution
! rowspan=2 width=150|[[ISO 3166-2:RU]] (ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-2 (2010-06-30))
|-
! (Cyrillic)
! (Latin)
! Official<ref name=gov_constitution/>
! Unofficial<ref name="constitution.ru"/>
|-
| {{n/a}}
| {{lang|ru|субъект Российской Федерации}}
| sub'yekt Rossiyskoy Federatsii
| constituent entity of the Russian Federation
| subject of the Russian Federation
| (not mentioned)
|-
| align="center" | 1
| {{lang|ru|республика}}
| respublika
| colspan="3" | {{Center|republic}}
|-
| align="center" | 2
| {{lang|ru|край}}
| colspan="2" | {{Center|kray}}
| territory
| administrative territory
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" | 3
| {{lang|ru|область}}
| oblastʹ
| oblast
| region
| administrative region
|-
| {{lang|ru|город федерального значения}}
| gorod federalʹnogo znacheniya
| city of federal significance
| city of federal importance
| autonomous city<br/><small>(the Russian term used in ISO 3166-2 is {{lang|ru|автономный город}} ''avtonomnyy gorod'')</small>
|-
| align="center" | 5
| {{lang|ru|автономная область}}
| avtonomnaya oblastʹ
| autonomous oblast
| autonomous region
| autonomous region
|-
| align="center" | 6
| {{lang|ru|автономный округ}}
| avtonomnyy okrug
| autonomous okrug
| autonomous area
| autonomous district
|}

==Types==
{{Image label begin|image=Map of federal subjects of Russia (2022), disputed Crimea and Donbass.svg|width=1400}}
{{Image label|x=0.253|y=0.115|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|50|[[Murmansk Oblast|Múrmansk]]}}|font-size=90%}}
{{Image label|x=0.192|y=0.147|scale=1400|text=[[Republic of Karelia|{{font color|white|Karélia}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.152|y=0.163|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|30|[[Leningrad Oblast|Leningrád]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.125|y=0.134|scale=1400|text=[[Saint Petersburg|{{font color|#FF323D|Saint}}<br><span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|white}}; color:#FF323D">Petersburg</span>]]|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.074|y=0.132|scale=1400|text=[[Kaliningrad Oblast|Kaliningrád]]|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.118|y=0.166|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-50|[[Pskov Oblast|Pskóv]]}}|font-size=90%}}
{{Image label|x=0.140|y=0.181|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|30|[[Novgorod Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Nóvgorod</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.185|y=0.208|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|40|[[Vologda Oblast|Vólogda]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.223|y=0.184|scale=1400|text=[[Arkhangelsk Oblast|Arkhángelsk]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.330|y=0.200|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|40|[[Nenets Autonomous Okrug|{{font color|white|Nénets}}]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.290|y=0.229|scale=1400|text=[[Komi Republic|{{font color|white|Kómi}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.136|y=0.200|scale=1400|text=[[Tver Oblast|Tvér]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.161|y=0.220|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-25|[[Yaroslavl Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Yaroslávl</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.185|y=0.241|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|27|[[Kostroma Oblast|Kostromá]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.098|y=0.207|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|30|[[Smolensk Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Smolénsk</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.133|y=0.216|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-45|[[Moscow|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}; color:#FF323D">Moscow</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.134|y=0.233|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-70|[[Moscow Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Moscow</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.148|y=0.248|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|65|[[Vladimir Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Vladímir</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.164|y=0.245|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|40|[[Ivanovo Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Ivánovo</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.077|y=0.223|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|30|[[Bryansk Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Bryánsk</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.110|y=0.229|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|20|[[Kaluga Oblast|Kalúga]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.117|y=0.247|scale=1400|text=[[Tula Oblast|Túla]]|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.098|y=0.249|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|60|[[Oryol Oblast|Oryól]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.084|y=0.257|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|55|[[Kursk Oblast|Kúrsk]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.070|y=0.272|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|55|[[Belgorod Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Bélgorod</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.129|y=0.263|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|20|[[Ryazan Oblast|Ryazán]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.104|y=0.273|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-40|[[Lipetsk Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Lípetsk</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.120|y=0.283|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-65|[[Tambov Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Tambóv</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.092|y=0.294|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-25|[[Voronezh Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Vorónezh</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.096|y=0.338|scale=1400|text=[[Volgograd Oblast|Volgográd]]|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.068|y=0.325|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-30|[[Rostov Oblast|Rostóv]]}}|font-size=90%}}
{{Image label|x=0.079|y=0.372|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-70|[[Kalmykia|{{font color|white|Kalmýkia}}]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.095|y=0.375|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-80|[[Astrakhan Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Ástrakhan</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.031|y=0.338|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|20|[[Krasnodar Krai|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FF8F3A}}">Krasnodár</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.013|y=0.353|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-20|[[Adygea|Adygéa]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.050|y=0.373|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|70|[[Stavropol Krai|Stávropol]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.006|y=0.375|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-15|[[Karachay-Cherkessia|Karacháy-<br>Cherkéssia]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.006|y=0.393|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-15|[[Kabardino-Balkaria|Kabardíno-<br>Balkária]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.005|y=0.408|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-15|[[North Ossetia–Alania|North Ossétia]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.018|y=0.414|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-15|[[Ingushetia|Ingushétia]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.022|y=0.421|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-22|[[Chechnya|Chechnyá]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.057|y=0.418|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-65|[[Dagestan|{{font color|white|Dagestán}}]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.165|y=0.262|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-25|[[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Nízhny<br>Nóvgorod</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.222|y=0.269|scale=1400|text=[[Kirov Oblast|Kírov]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.259|y=0.292|scale=1400|text=[[Perm Krai|Pérm]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.145|y=0.284|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|40|[[Mordovia|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#00C160}}; color:white">Mordóvia</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.182|y=0.293|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|30|[[Chuvashia|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#00C160}}; color:white">Chuváshia</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.191|y=0.281|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|35|[[Mari El|{{font color|white|Mari El}}]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.194|y=0.310|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|30|[[Tatarstan|{{font color|white|Tatarstán}}]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.218|y=0.297|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-35|[[Udmurtia|{{font color|white|Udmúrtia}}]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.205|y=0.350|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-70|[[Bashkortostan|{{font color|white|Bashkortostán}}]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.143|y=0.299|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|40|[[Penza Oblast|Pénza]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.151|y=0.313|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-35|[[Ulyanovsk Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">Ulyánovsk</span>]]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.174|y=0.328|scale=1400|text=[[Samara Oblast|Samára]]|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.130|y=0.325|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|60|[[Saratov Oblast|Sarátov]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.181|y=0.361|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|50|[[Orenburg Oblast|Orenbúrg]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.237|y=0.364|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-50|[[Chelyabinsk Oblast|Chelyábinsk]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.282|y=0.371|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|20|[[Kurgan Oblast|Kurgán]]}}|font-size=90%}}
{{Image label|x=0.268|y=0.329|scale=1400|text=[[Sverdlovsk Oblast|Sverdlóvsk]]|font-size=90%}}
{{Image label|x=0.314|y=0.352|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-20|[[Tyumen Oblast|Tyumén]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.335|y=0.313|scale=1400|text=[[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug|{{font color|white|Khánty-Mánsi}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.377|y=0.265|scale=1400|text=[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|{{font color|white|Yamálo-Nénets}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.344|y=0.388|scale=1400|text=[[Omsk Oblast|Ómsk]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.409|y=0.377|scale=1400|text=[[Tomsk Oblast|Tómsk]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.376|y=0.417|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|20|[[Novosibirsk Oblast|Novosibírsk]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.434|y=0.441|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|80|[[Kemerovo Oblast|Kémerovo]]}}|font-size=90%}}
{{Image label|x=0.403|y=0.458|scale=1400|text=[[Altai Krai|Altái]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.433|y=0.491|scale=1400|text=[[Altai Republic|{{font color|white|Altái}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.454|y=0.461|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-70|[[Khakassia|{{font color|white|Khakássia}}]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.495|y=0.490|scale=1400|text=[[Tuva|{{font color|white|Tuvá}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.500|y=0.310|scale=1400|text=[[Krasnoyarsk Krai|Krasnoyársk]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.571|y=0.430|scale=1400|text=[[Irkutsk Oblast|Irkútsk]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.628|y=0.460|scale=1400|text=[[Buryatia|{{font color|white|Buryátia}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.659|y=0.480|scale=1400|text=[[Zabaykalsky Krai|Zabaykálsky]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.696|y=0.272|scale=1400|text=[[Sakha Republic|{{font color|white|Sakhá/Yakútia}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.757|y=0.418|scale=1400|text=[[Amur Oblast|Amúr]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.826|y=0.466|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-20|[[Jewish Autonomous Oblast|{{font color|white|Jewish}}]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.830|y=0.424|scale=1400|text=[[Khabarovsk Krai|Khabárovsk]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.856|y=0.503|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-60|[[Primorsky Krai|Primórsky]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.933|y=0.419|scale=1400|text=[[Sakhalin Oblast|Sakhalín]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.834|y=0.220|scale=1400|text=[[Magadan Oblast|Magadán]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.850|y=0.101|scale=1400|text=[[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|{{font color|white|Chukótka}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.926|y=0.249|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|50|[[Kamchatka Krai|Kamchátka]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.006|y=0.305|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|60|[[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#006A35}}; color:white">''Crimea''</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=-0.004|y=0.326|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|60|''[[Sevastopol|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|white}}; color:#8C1B21">Sevastópol</span>]]''}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.065|y=0.302|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-60|[[Luhansk People's Republic|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#006A35}}; color:white">''Luhánsk''</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.049|y=0.300|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-50|[[Donetsk People's Republic|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#006A35}}; color:white">''Donétsk''</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.036|y=0.295|scale=1400|text=<span style="{{transform-rotate|-40}}; {{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}; color:#FFEC77">''Zapo''</span>|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=0.033|y=0.285|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|-40|[[Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast|''Zaporízhzhia'']]}}|font-size=75%}}
{{Image label|x=0.009|y=0.285|scale=1400|text={{rotate text|65|[[Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast|<span style="{{text-outline|1px|0|#FFEC77}}">''Khersón''</span>]]}}|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label end}}

Each federal subject belongs to one of the following types:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Legend<ref name=Hea22>{{cite book |title=The Territories of the Russian Federation 2022 |editor-last=Heaney|editor-first=Dominic|date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon, Oxon|chapter=Territorial Surveys|isbn=9781032249698 |edition=23rd |url=https://www.routledge.com/The-Territories-of-the-Russian-Federation-2022/Publications/p/book/9781032249698}}</ref>
! class="unsortable" | Description
|-
| {{legend|#00C160|21 [[republics of Russia|republics]]}}{{Legend striped|#00C160|#006A35|''3 unrecognized''|up=yes}}
| Nominally autonomous prior to 2017,<ref>{{cite book | title=The Territories of the Russian Federation 2012 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-135-09584-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wOVjhOAfn_kC&pg=PA5 | access-date=2019-10-06 | page=5}}</ref><ref name="Saunders 2019">{{cite book | last=Saunders | first=Robert A.|authorlink=Robert A. Saunders | title=Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers | series=Historical Dictionaries of Europe | year=2019 | isbn=978-1-5381-2048-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=21ynDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA232 | access-date=2019-10-06 | page=232}}</ref> each with its own constitution, language, and legislature, but represented by the federal government in international affairs. Most are designated as the home to a specific [[ethnic groups in Russia|ethnic minority]] as their [[titular nation]] or nations.<br />''[[Donetsk Oblast]] and [[Luhansk Oblast]] are internationally recognized as parts of [[Ukraine]], but were partially occupied by Russian and Russian-controlled forces in 2014, and declared annexed by Russia as the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] and the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] in 2022. The [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]] is internationally recognized as a part of Ukraine, but was occupied and annexed by Russia as the [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Republic of Crimea]] in 2014.''
|-
| {{legend|#FF8F3A|9 [[krais of Russia|krais]]}}
| For all intents and purposes, krais are legally identical to oblasts. The title "krai" ("frontier" or "territory") is historic, related to geographic (frontier) position in a certain period of history. The current krais are not related to frontiers.
|-
| {{legend|#FFEC77|46 [[oblasts of Russia|oblasts]]}}{{Legend striped|#FFEC77|#8C8241|''2 unrecognized''|up=yes}}
| The most common type, with a governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after their administrative centres. [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] is [[enclave and exclave|geographically separated]] from all the rest of Russia by other countries.<br />''[[Kherson Oblast]] and [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]] are internationally recognized as parts of Ukraine, but were [[Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast|partially]] [[Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast|occupied]] by Russian forces and declared annexed in 2022.''
|-
| {{legend|#FF323D|2 [[federal cities of Russia|federal cities]]}}{{Legend|#8C1B21|''1 unrecognized''}}
| Major cities that function as separate regions and include other cities and towns ([[Zelenograd]], [[Troitsk, Moscow|Troitsk]], [[Kronstadt]], [[Kolpino, Saint Petersburg|Kolpino]], etc.) – keeping older structures of postal addresses.<br />''[[Sevastopol]] is internationally recognized as a part of Ukraine, but was occupied and annexed by Russia in 2014.''
|-
| {{nowrap|{{legend|#C300FF|1 [[autonomous oblasts of Russia|autonomous oblast]]}}}}
| An Autonomous Oblast has increased powers compared to traditional oblasts, but not enough to be considered a Republic. The only one remaining is the [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]]; Russia previously had 4 other Autonomous Oblasts that were changed into Republics on 3 July 1991.
|-
| {{nowrap|{{legend|#006989|4 [[autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]]}}}}
| Occasionally referred to as "autonomous district", "autonomous area" or "autonomous region", each with a substantial or predominant ethnic minority designated as its [[titular nation]]. With the exception of [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]], each of the autonomous okrugs is part of another oblast ([[Arkhangelsk Oblast|Arkhangelsk]] or [[Tyumen Oblast|Tyumen]]), as well as functioning as a federal subject by itself.
|}

==List==
{{Anchor|List of subject capitals}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Federal subjects of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Code
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Capital/<br />Administrative centre{{Ref_label|a|a|none}}
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Flag
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Coat<br />of arms
! rowspan="2" |Type
! rowspan="2" |Titular nation
! rowspan="2" |Head of subject
! rowspan="2" |[[Federal districts of Russia|Federal district]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Economic regions of Russia|Economic region]]
! rowspan="2" |Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="area">{{cite web|script-title=ru:Таблица 5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более|url=https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/18-upr/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%84.22%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%202016%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%20(%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%20%D0%A0%D0%A4)_%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82.doc|publisher=[[Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography]]|accessdate=4 March 2019|archive-date=March 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323171458/https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/18-upr/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%2520%25D1%2584.22%2520%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25202016%2520%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%2520(%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%2520%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%258A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%2520%25D0%25A0%25D0%25A4)_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%2520%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2582.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Population<ref name="2025Estimate">{{cite web |title=Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2025 года |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/PrPopul2025_Site.xlsx |accessdate=3 February 2025 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Est.
|-
!Total
!Density (km<sup>2</sup>)
|- style="height:50px;"
|01
|[[Adygea]]
|[[Maykop]]
|[[File:Flag of Adygea.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Adygea.svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="21" |[[Republics of Russia|republic]]
|[[Circassians]]
|[[Murat Kumpilov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Southern Federal District|Southern]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|7,792
|align="right"|501,038
|align="right"|64.30
|align="right"|1922
|- style="height:50px;"
|02
|[[Bashkortostan]]
|[[Ufa]]
|[[File:Flag of Bashkortostan.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Bashkortostan.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Bashkirs]]
|[[Radiy Khabirov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Ural economic region|Ural]]
|align="right"|142,947
|align="right"|4,046,094
|align="right"|28.30
|align="right"|1919
|- style="height:50px;"
|03
|[[Buryatia]]
|[[Ulan-Ude]]
|[[File:Flag of Buryatia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Buryatiya.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Buryats]]
|[[Alexey Tsydenov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[East Siberia economic region|East Siberian]]
|align="right"|351,334
|align="right"|970,679
|align="right"|2.76
|align="right"|1923
|- style="height:50px;"
|04
|[[Altai Republic]]
|[[Gorno-Altaysk]]
|[[File:Flag of Altai Republic.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Altai Republic.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Altai people|Altai]]
|[[Andrey Turchak]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|92,903
|align="right"|210,099
|align="right"|2.26
|align="right"|1922
|- style="height:50px;"
|05
|[[Dagestan]]
|[[Makhachkala]]
|[[File:Flag of Dagestan.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Dagestan.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Aghul people|Aghuls]], [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]], [[Azerbaijanis]], [[Chechens]], [[Dargins]], [[Kumyks]], [[Laks (Caucasus)|Laks]], [[Lezgins]], [[Nogais]], [[Rutul people|Rutuls]], [[Tabasaran people|Tabasarans]], [[Tat people (Caucasus)|Tats]], [[Tsakhur people|Tsakhurs]]
|[[Sergey Melikov]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[North Caucasian Federal District|North Caucasian]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|50,270
|align="right"|3,258,993
|align="right"|64.83
|align="right"|1921
|- style="height:50px;"
|06
|[[Ingushetia]]
|[[Magas, Ingushetia|Magas]]<br />(Largest city: [[Nazran]])
|[[File:Flag of Ingushetia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Ingushetia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Ingush people|Ingush]]
|[[Mahmud-Ali Kalimatov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[North Caucasian Federal District|North Caucasian]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|3,628
|align="right"|534,219
|align="right"|147.25
|align="right"|1992
|- style="height:50px;"
|07
|[[Kabardino-Balkaria]]
|[[Nalchik]]
|[[File:Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Balkars]], [[Kabardians]]
|[[Kazbek Kokov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[North Caucasian Federal District|North Caucasian]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|12,470
|align="right"|908,090
|align="right"|72.82
|align="right"|1936
|- style="height:50px;"
|08
|[[Kalmykia]]
|[[Elista]]
|[[File:Flag of Kalmykia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Kalmykia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Kalmyks]]
|[[Batu Khasikov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Southern Federal District|Southern]]
|[[Volga economic region|Volga]]
|align="right"|74,731
|align="right"|267,376
|align="right"|3.58
|align="right"|1957
|- style="height:50px;"
|09
|[[Karachay-Cherkessia]]
|[[Cherkessk]]
|[[File:Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Karachay-Cherkessia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Abazins]], [[Kabardians]], [[Karachays]], [[Nogais]]
|[[Rashid Temrezov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[North Caucasian Federal District|North Caucasian]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|14,277
|align="right"|468,531
|align="right"|32.82
|align="right"|1957
|- style="height:50px;"
|10
|[[Republic of Karelia|Karelia]]
|[[Petrozavodsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Karelia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of the Republic of Karelia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Karelians]]
|[[Artur Parfenchikov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northern economic region (Russia)|Northern]]
|align="right"|180,520
|align="right"|518,644
|align="right"|2.87
|align="right"|1956
|- style="height:50px;"
|11
|[[Komi Republic]]
|[[Syktyvkar]]
|[[File:Flag of Komi.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of the Komi Republic.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Komi peoples|Komi]]
|[[Rostislav Goldstein]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northern economic region (Russia)|Northern]]
|align="right"|416,774
|align="right"|714,391
|align="right"|1.71
|align="right"|1921
|- style="height:50px;"
|12
|[[Mari El]]
|[[Yoshkar-Ola]]
|[[File:Flag of Mari El.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Mari El.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Mari people|Mari]]
|[[Yury Zaitsev (politician)|Yury Zaitsev]] ([[United Russia|UR]], acting)
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga-Vyatka economic region|Volga-Vyatka]]
|align="right"|23,375
|align="right"|665,983
|align="right"|28.49
|align="right"|1920
|- style="height:50px;"
|13
|[[Mordovia]]
|[[Saransk]]
|[[File:Flag of Mordovia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Mordovia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Mordvins]]
|[[Artyom Zdunov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga-Vyatka economic region|Volga-Vyatka]]
|align="right"|26,128
|align="right"|758,390
|align="right"|29.03
|align="right"|1930
|- style="height:50px;"
|14
|[[Sakha Republic|Sakha]]
|[[Yakutsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Sakha.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Sakha (Yakutia).svg|45x45px]]
|[[Yakuts]]
|[[Aysen Nikolayev]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|3,083,523
|align="right"|1,007,058
|align="right"|0.33
|align="right"|1922
|- style="height:50px;"
|15
|[[North Ossetia–Alania]]
|[[Vladikavkaz]]
|[[File:Flag of North Ossetia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Wapen Ossetien.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Ossetians]]
|[[Sergey Menyaylo]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[North Caucasian Federal District|North Caucasian]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|7,987
|align="right"|678,454
|align="right"|84.94
|align="right"|1924
|- style="height:50px;"
|16
|[[Tatarstan]]
|[[Kazan]]
|[[File:Flag of Tatarstan.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Tatarstan.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Tatars]]
|[[Rustam Minnikhanov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga economic region|Volga]]
|align="right"|67,847
|align="right"|4,016,571
|align="right"|59.20
|align="right"|1920
|- style="height:50px;"
|17
|[[Tuva]]
|[[Kyzyl]]
|[[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Tuva.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Tuvans]]
|[[Vladislav Khovalyg]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[East Siberia economic region|East Siberian]]
|align="right"|168,604
|align="right"|338,341
|align="right"|2.01
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|18
|[[Udmurtia]]
|[[Izhevsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Udmurtia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Udmurtia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Udmurts]]
|[[Aleksandr Brechalov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Ural economic region|Ural]]
|align="right"|42,061
|align="right"|1,427,018
|align="right"|33.93
|align="right"|1920
|- style="height:50px;"
|19
|[[Khakassia]]
|[[Abakan]]
|[[File:Flag of Khakassia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Khakassia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Khakas]]
|[[Valentin Konovalov]] ([[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[East Siberia economic region|East Siberian]]
|align="right"|61,569
|align="right"|534,795
|align="right"|8.53
|align="right"|1930
|- style="height:50px;"
|20{{Ref_label|e|e|none}}
|[[Chechnya]]
|[[Grozny]]
|[[File:Flag of Chechnya.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Chechnya.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Chechens]]
|[[Ramzan Kadyrov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[North Caucasian Federal District|North Caucasian]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|16,165
|align="right"|1,575,819
|align="right"|97.48
|align="right"|1991
|- style="height:50px;"
|21
|[[Chuvashia]]
|[[Cheboksary]]
|[[File:Flag of Chuvashia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Chuvashia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Chuvash people|Chuvash]]
|[[Oleg Nikolayev (politician)|Oleg Nikolayev]] ([[A Just Russia — For Truth|SRZP]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga-Vyatka economic region|Volga-Vyatka]]
|align="right"|18,343
|align="right"|1,159,757
|align="right"|63.23
|align="right"|1920
|- style="height:50px;"
|22
|[[Altai Krai]]
|[[Barnaul]]
|[[File:Flag of Altai Krai.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Altai Krai (Latest version).svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Krais of Russia|krai]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Viktor Tomenko]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|167,996
|align="right"|2,098,979
|align="right"|12.49
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|23
|[[Krasnodar Krai]]
|[[Krasnodar]]
|[[File:Flag of Krasnodar Krai.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Krasnodar Krai.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Veniamin Kondratyev]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Southern Federal District|Southern]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|75,485
|align="right"|5,841,846
|align="right"|77.39
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|24
|[[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
|[[Krasnoyarsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Krasnoyarsk Krai.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Krasnoyarsk Krai.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Mikhail Kotyukov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[East Siberia economic region|East Siberian]]
|align="right"|2,366,797
|align="right"|2,837,374
|align="right"|1.20
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|25
|[[Primorsky Krai]]
|[[Vladivostok]]
|[[File:Flag of Primorsky Krai.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Primorsky Krai.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Oleg Kozhemyako]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|164,673
|align="right"|1,798,047
|align="right"|10.92
|align="right"|1938
|- style="height:50px;"
|26
|[[Stavropol Krai]]
|[[Stavropol]]
|[[File:Flag of Stavropol Krai.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Stavropol Krai.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vladimir Vladimirov (politician)|Vladimir Vladimirov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[North Caucasian Federal District|North Caucasian]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|66,160
|align="right"|2,883,494
|align="right"|43.58
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|27
|[[Khabarovsk Krai]]
|[[Khabarovsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Khabarovsk Krai.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Khabarovsk Krai.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Mikhail Degtyarev]] ([[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|787,633
|align="right"|1,273,093
|align="right"|1.62
|align="right"|1938
|- style="height:50px;"
|28
|[[Amur Oblast]]
|[[Blagoveshchensk]]
|[[File:Flag of Amur Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Amur Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="13" |[[oblasts of Russia|oblast]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vasily Orlov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|361,908
|align="right"|750,870
|align="right"|2.07
|align="right"|1932
|- style="height:50px;"
|29
|[[Arkhangelsk Oblast]]
|[[Arkhangelsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Arkhangelsk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Arkhangelsk oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Alexander Tsybulsky]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northern economic region (Russia)|Northern]]
|align="right"|413,103
|align="right"|947,192
|align="right"|2.29
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|30
|[[Astrakhan Oblast]]
|[[Astrakhan]]
|[[File:Flag of Astrakhan Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Astrakhan Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Igor Babushkin]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Southern Federal District|Southern]]
|[[Volga economic region|Volga]]
|align="right"|49,024
|align="right"|945,991
|align="right"|19.30
|align="right"|1943
|- style="height:50px;"
|31
|[[Belgorod Oblast]]
|[[Belgorod]]
|[[File:Flag of Belgorod Oblast (Dark color).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:New Coat of Arms of Belgorod Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vyacheslav Gladkov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central Black Earth economic region|Central Black Earth]]
|align="right"|27,134
|align="right"|1,481,098
|align="right"|54.58
|align="right"|1954
|- style="height:50px;"
|32
|[[Bryansk Oblast]]
|[[Bryansk]]
|[[File:Flag of Bryansk Oblast (large).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Bryansk Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Alexander Bogomaz]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|34,857
|align="right"|1,132,475
|align="right"|32.49
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|33
|[[Vladimir Oblast]]
|[[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]]
|[[File:Flag of Vladimirskaya Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Vladimir Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksandr Avdeyev (politician, born 1975)|Aleksandr Avdeyev]] ([[United Russia|UR]], acting)
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|29,084
|align="right"|1,295,930
|align="right"|44.56
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|34
|[[Volgograd Oblast]]
|[[Volgograd]]
|[[File:Flag of Volgograd Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Volgograd oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Andrey Bocharov]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Southern Federal District|Southern]]
|[[Volga economic region|Volga]]
|align="right"|112,877
|align="right"|2,435,355
|align="right"|21.58
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|35
|[[Vologda Oblast]]
|[[Vologda]]<br />(Largest city: [[Cherepovets]])
|[[File:Flag of Vologda oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Vologda oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Oleg Kuvshinnikov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northern economic region (Russia)|Northern]]
|align="right"|144,527
|align="right"|1,114,639
|align="right"|7.71
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|36
|[[Voronezh Oblast]]
|[[Voronezh]]
|[[File:Flag of Voronezh Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Voronezh Oblast (large).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksandr Gusev (politician)|Aleksandr Gusev]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central Black Earth economic region|Central Black Earth]]
|align="right"|52,216
|align="right"|2,259,610
|align="right"|43.27
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|37
|[[Ivanovo Oblast]]
|[[Ivanovo]]
|[[File:Flag of Ivanovo Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Ivanovo Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Stanislav Voskresensky]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|21,437
|align="right"|897,869
|align="right"|41.88
|align="right"|1936
|- style="height:50px;"
|38
|[[Irkutsk Oblast]]
|[[Irkutsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Irkutsk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Irkutsk Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Igor Kobzev]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[East Siberia economic region|East Siberian]]
|align="right"|774,846
|align="right"|2,316,571
|align="right"|2.99
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|39
|[[Kaliningrad Oblast]]
|[[Kaliningrad]]
|[[File:Flag of Kaliningrad Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Kaliningrad Oblast (Latest version).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Anton Alikhanov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Kaliningrad economic region|Kaliningrad]]
|align="right"|15,125
|align="right"|1,064,747
|align="right"|68.31
|align="right"|1946
|- style="height:50px;"
|40
|[[Kaluga Oblast]]
|[[Kaluga]]
|[[File:Flag of Kaluga Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Kaluga Oblast (Latest version).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vladislav Shapsha]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|29,777
|align="right"|1,064,747
|align="right"|35.76
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|41
|[[Kamchatka Krai]]
|[[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]]
|[[File:Flag of Kamchatka Krai.svg|border|45x45px]]<!--Please do not add the flag of Kamchatka Oblast as on its own it is not the official flag of Kamchatka Krai-->
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Kamchatka Krai.svg|45x45px]]<!--Please do not add the CoA of Kamchatka Oblast as on its own it is not the official CoA of Kamchatka Krai-->
|[[Krais of Russia|krai]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vladimir Solodov]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|464,275
|align="right"|287,949
|align="right"|0.62
|align="right"|2007
|- style="height:50px;"
|42
|[[Kemerovo Oblast]]
|[[Kemerovo]]
|[[File:Flag of Kemerovo oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Kemerovo Oblast (large).svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="17" |[[oblasts of Russia|oblast]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Sergey Tsivilyov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|95,725
|align="right"|2,526,384
|align="right"|26.39
|align="right"|1943
|- style="height:50px;"
|43
|[[Kirov Oblast]]
|[[Kirov, Kirov Oblast|Kirov]]
|[[File:Flag of Kirov Region.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Kirov Region.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksandr Sokolov (politician, born 1970)|Aleksandr Sokolov]] ([[United Russia|UR]], acting)
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga-Vyatka economic region|Volga-Vyatka]]
|align="right"|120,374
|align="right"|1,120,178
|align="right"|9.31
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|44
|[[Kostroma Oblast]]
|[[Kostroma]]
|[[File:Flag of Kostroma Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Kostroma Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Sergey Sitnikov]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|60,211
|align="right"|560,758
|align="right"|9.31
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|45
|[[Kurgan Oblast]]
|[[Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast|Kurgan]]
|[[File:Flag of Kurgan Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Kurgan Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vadim Shumkov]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Ural Federal District|Ural]]
|[[Ural economic region|Ural]]
|align="right"|71,488
|align="right"|744,197
|align="right"|10.41
|align="right"|1943
|- style="height:50px;"
|46
|[[Kursk Oblast]]
|[[Kursk]]
|[[File:Flag of Kursk Oblast (large fix).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Kursk Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Roman Starovoyt]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central Black Earth economic region|Central Black Earth]]
|align="right"|29,997
|align="right"|1,050,134
|align="right"|35.01
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|47
|[[Leningrad Oblast]]
|Largest city: [[Gatchina]]{{Ref_label|b|b|none}}
|[[File:Flag of Leningrad Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Leningrad Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksandr Drozdenko]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northwestern economic region|Northwestern]]
|align="right"|83,908
|align="right"|2,057,708
|align="right"|24.52
|align="right"|1927
|- style="height:50px;"
|48
|[[Lipetsk Oblast]]
|[[Lipetsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Lipetsk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Lipetsk oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Igor Artamonov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central Black Earth economic region|Central Black Earth]]
|align="right"|24,047
|align="right"|1,107,812
|align="right"|46.07
|align="right"|1954
|- style="height:50px;"
|49
|[[Magadan Oblast]]
|[[Magadan]]
|[[File:Flag of Magadan Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Magadan oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Sergey Nosov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|462,464
|align="right"|134,202
|align="right"|0.29
|align="right"|1953
|- style="height:50px;"
|50
|[[Moscow Oblast]]
|Largest city: [[Balashikha]]{{Ref_label|c|c|none}}
|[[File:Flag of Moscow Oblast (large).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Moscow Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Andrey Vorobyov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|44,329
|align="right"|8,766,594
|align="right"|197.76
|align="right"|1929
|- style="height:50px;"
|51
|[[Murmansk Oblast]]
|[[Murmansk]]
|[[File:Flag of Murmansk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Герб Мурманской области.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Andrey Chibis]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northern economic region (Russia)|Northern]]
|align="right"|144,902
|align="right"|650,920
|align="right"|4.49
|align="right"|1938
|- style="height:50px;"
|52
|[[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
|[[Nizhny Novgorod]]
|[[File:Flag of Nizhny Novgorod Region.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod Region.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Gleb Nikitin]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga-Vyatka economic region|Volga-Vyatka]]
|align="right"|76,624
|align="right"|3,037,816
|align="right"|39.65
|align="right"|1936
|- style="height:50px;"
|53
|[[Novgorod Oblast]]
|[[Veliky Novgorod]]
|[[File:Flag of Novgorod Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Novgorod Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksandr Dronov (politician)|Aleksandr Dronov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northwestern economic region|Northwestern]]
|align="right"|54,501
|align="right"|566,745
|align="right"|10.40
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|54
|[[Novosibirsk Oblast]]
|[[Novosibirsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Novosibirsk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Novosibirsk oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Andrey Travnikov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|177,756
|align="right"|2,784,587
|align="right"|15.67
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|55
|[[Omsk Oblast]]
|[[Omsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Omsk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Omsk Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Alexander Burkov]] ([[A Just Russia — For Truth|SRZP]])
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|141,140
|align="right"|1,805,443
|align="right"|12.79
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|56
|[[Orenburg Oblast]]
|[[Orenburg]]
|[[File:Flag of Orenburg Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Orenburg Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Denis Pasler]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Ural economic region|Ural]]
|align="right"|123,702
|align="right"|1,815,655
|align="right"|14.68
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|57
|[[Oryol Oblast]]
|[[Oryol]]
|[[File:Flag of Oryol Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Oryol Oblast (large).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Andrey Klychkov]] ([[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|24,652
|align="right"|685,693
|align="right"|27.81
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|58
|[[Penza Oblast]]
|[[Penza]]
|[[File:Flag of Penza Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Penza Oblast (large).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Oleg Melnichenko]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga economic region|Volga]]
|align="right"|43,352
|align="right"|1,225,984
|align="right"|28.28
|align="right"|1939
|- style="height:50px;"
|59
|[[Perm Krai]]
|[[Perm, Russia|Perm]]
|[[File:Flag of Perm Krai.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Perm Krai.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Krais of Russia|krai]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Dmitry Makhonin]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Ural economic region|Ural]]
|align="right"|160,236
|align="right"|2,482,080
|align="right"|15.49
|align="right"|2005
|- style="height:50px;"
|60
|[[Pskov Oblast]]
|[[Pskov]]
|[[File:Flag_of_Pskov_Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Pskov Oblast (Latest version).svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="15" |[[oblasts of Russia|oblast]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Mikhail Vedernikov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northwestern economic region|Northwestern]]
|align="right"|55,399
|align="right"|574,199
|align="right"|10.36
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|61
|[[Rostov Oblast]]
|[[Rostov-on-Don]]
|[[File:Flag of Rostov Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Rostov Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vasily Golubev (politician)|Vasily Golubev]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Southern Federal District|Southern]]
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|100,967
|align="right"|4,135,018
|align="right"|40.95
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|62
|[[Ryazan Oblast]]
|[[Ryazan]]
|[[File:Flag of Ryazan Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Ryazan Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Pavel Malkov]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|39,605
|align="right"|1,073,981
|align="right"|27.12
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|63
|[[Samara Oblast]]
|[[Samara]]
|[[File:Flag of Samara Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Samara Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Dmitry Azarov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga economic region|Volga]]
|align="right"|53,565
|align="right"|3,108,944
|align="right"|58.04
|align="right"|1928
|- style="height:50px;"
|64
|[[Saratov Oblast]]
|[[Saratov]]
|[[File:Flag of Saratov Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Saratov oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Roman Busargin]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga economic region|Volga]]
|align="right"|101,240
|align="right"|2,368,387
|align="right"|23.39
|align="right"|1936
|- style="height:50px;"
|65
|[[Sakhalin Oblast]]
|[[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Sakhalin Oblast Coat of Arms.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Valery Limarenko]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|87,101
|align="right"|456,792
|align="right"|5.24
|align="right"|1947
|- style="height:50px;"
|66
|[[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
|[[Yekaterinburg]]
|[[File:Flag of Sverdlovsk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Sverdlovsk oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Yevgeny Kuyvashev]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Ural Federal District|Ural]]
|[[Ural economic region|Ural]]
|align="right"|194,307
|align="right"|4,218,204
|align="right"|21.71
|align="right"|1935
|- style="height:50px;"
|67
|[[Smolensk Oblast]]
|[[Smolensk]]
|[[File:Flag of Smolensk oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Smolensk oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Alexey Ostrovsky]] ([[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|49,779
|align="right"|857,847
|align="right"|17.23
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|68
|[[Tambov Oblast]]
|[[Tambov]]
|[[File:Flag of Tambov Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Tambov Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Maksim Yegorov]] ([[United Russia|UR]], acting)
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central Black Earth economic region|Central Black Earth]]
|align="right"|34,462
|align="right"|946,010
|align="right"|27.45
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|69
|[[Tver Oblast]]
|[[Tver]]
|[[File:Flag of Tver Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Tver oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Igor Rudenya]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|84,201
|align="right"|1,189,685
|align="right"|14.13
|align="right"|1935
|- style="height:50px;"
|70
|[[Tomsk Oblast]]
|[[Tomsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Tomsk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Tomsk Oblast, Russia.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vladimir Mazur]] ([[United Russia|UR]], acting)
|[[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|314,391
|align="right"|1,039,458
|align="right"|3.31
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|71
|[[Tula Oblast]]
|[[Tula, Russia|Tula]]
|[[File:Flag of Tula Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
| 
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksey Dyumin]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|25,679
|align="right"|1,455,911
|align="right"|56.70
|align="right"|1937
|- style="height:50px;"
|72
|[[Tyumen Oblast]]
|[[Tyumen]]
|[[File:Flag of Tyumen Oblast (large).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Tyumen Oblast (large).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksandr Moor]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Ural Federal District|Ural]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|160,122
|align="right"|1,625,129
|align="right"|10.15
|align="right"|1944
|- style="height:50px;"
|73
|[[Ulyanovsk Oblast]]
|[[Ulyanovsk]]
|[[File:Флаг Ульяновской области (2013).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Герб Ульяновской области (2013).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksey Russkikh]] ([[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]])
|[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|[[Volga economic region|Volga]]
|align="right"|37,181
|align="right"|1,164,837
|align="right"|31.33
|align="right"|1943
|- style="height:50px;"
|74
|[[Chelyabinsk Oblast]]
|[[Chelyabinsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksey Teksler]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Ural Federal District|Ural]]
|[[Ural economic region|Ural]]
|align="right"|88,529
|align="right"|3,383,188
|align="right"|38.22
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|75
|[[Zabaykalsky Krai]]
|[[Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai|Chita]]
|[[File:Flag of Zabaykalsky Krai.svg|45x45px]]<!--adopted on 1/21/9; identical to the old flag of Chita Oblast-->
|[[File:Coat of arms of Zabaykalsky Krai.svg|45x45px]]<!--adopted on 1/21/9; identical to the old coat of arms of Chita Oblast-->
|[[Krais of Russia|krai]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Aleksandr Osipov (politician)|Aleksandr Osipov]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[East Siberia economic region|East Siberian]]
|align="right"|431,892
|align="right"|982,525
|align="right"|2.27
|align="right"|2008
|- style="height:50px;"
|76
|[[Yaroslavl Oblast]]
|[[Yaroslavl]]
|[[File:Flag of Yaroslavl Oblast (large).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Yaroslavl Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|[[oblasts of Russia|oblast]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Mikhail Yevrayev]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|36,177
|align="right"|1,179,301
|align="right"|32.60
|align="right"|1936
|- style="height:50px;"
|77
|colspan="2"|[[Moscow]]
|[[File:Flag of Moscow.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Moscow.svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[federal cities of Russia|federal city]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Sergey Sobyanin]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Central Federal District|Central]]
|[[Central economic region|Central]]
|align="right"|2,561
|align="right"|13,258,262
|align="right"|5176.99
|align="right"|1147
|- style="height:50px;"
|78
|colspan="2"|[[Saint Petersburg]]
|[[File:Flag of Saint Petersburg Russia.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Saint Petersburg (2003).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Alexander Beglov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northwestern economic region|Northwestern]]
|align="right"|1,403
|align="right"|5,645,943
|align="right"|4024.19
|align="right"|1703
|- style="height:50px;"
|79
|[[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]]
|[[Birobidzhan]]
|[[File:Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Jewish Autonomous Oblast|autonomous oblast]]
|[[Jews]]
|[[Maria Kostyuk]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|36,271
|align="right"|144,389
|align="right"|3.98
|align="right"|1934
|- style="height:50px;"
|80
|[[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
|[[Naryan-Mar]]
|[[File:Flag of Nenets Autonomous District.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Nenets Autonomous Okrug.svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrug]]
|[[Nenets people|Nenets]]
|[[Yury Bezdudny]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern]]
|[[Northern economic region (Russia)|Northern]]
|align="right"|176,810
|align="right"|41,829
|align="right"|0.24
|align="right"|1929
|- style="height:50px;"
|81
|[[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]]
|[[Khanty-Mansiysk]]<br />(Largest city: [[Surgut]])
|[[File:Flag of Yugra.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Yugra (Khanty-Mansia).svg|45x45px]]
|[[Khanty]], [[Mansi people|Mansi]]
|[[Natalya Komarova]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Ural Federal District|Ural]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|534,801
|align="right"|1,779,510
|align="right"|3.33
|align="right"|1930
|- style="height:50px;"
|82
|[[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
|[[Anadyr (town)|Anadyr]]
|[[File:Flag of Chukotka.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Chukotka.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Chukchi people|Chukchi]]
|[[Roman Kopin]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
|[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
|align="right"|721,481
|align="right"|47,902
|align="right"|0.07
|align="right"|1930
|- style="height:50px;"
|83
|[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
|[[Salekhard]]<br />(Largest city: [[Novy Urengoy]])
|[[File:Flag of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Yamal Nenetsia.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Nenets]]
|[[Dmitry Artyukhov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Ural Federal District|Ural]]
|[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|align="right"|769,250
|align="right"|521,655
|align="right"|0.68
|align="right"|1930
|-
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contested territories situated within the internationally recognised borders of Ukraine
|-
! rowspan="2" |Code
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Capital /<br />Administrative centre{{Ref_label|a|a|none}}
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Flag
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Coat<br />of arms
! rowspan="2" |Type
! rowspan="2" |Titular nation
! rowspan="2" |Head of subject
! rowspan="2" |[[Federal districts of Russia|Federal district]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Economic regions of Russia|Economic region]]
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="area"/>
! colspan="2" |Population<ref name="2021Census">{{cite web|script-title=ru:Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Est.
|-
! data-sort-type=number |Total
! data-sort-type=number |Density (km<sup>2</sup>)
|- style="height:50px;"
|84
|[[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Republic of Crimea]]{{Ref_label|d|d|none}}
|[[Simferopol]]
|[[File:Flag of Crimea (Latest version).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Emblem of Crimea.svg|45x45px]]
|[[Republics of Russia|republic]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Sergey Aksyonov]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Southern Federal District|Southern]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://uatoday.tv/politics/crimea-becomes-part-of-vast-southern-federal-district-of-russia-705731.html|title=Crimea becomes part of vast Southern federal district of Russia|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref><ref name="RBC">{{cite news|url=http://top.rbc.ru/politics/21/03/2014/912755.shtml|script-title=ru:В России создан Крымский федеральный округ|publisher=RBC|date=March 21, 2014|access-date=November 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322220946/http://top.rbc.ru/politics/21/03/2014/912755.shtml|archive-date=March 22, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|26,081
|align="right"|1,934,630
|align="right"|74.18
|align="right"|2014
|- style="height:50px;"
|85
|colspan="2"|[[Sevastopol]]{{Ref_label|d|d|none}}
|[[File:Flag of Sevastopol.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:COA of Sevastopol.svg|45x45px]]
|[[federal cities of Russia|federal city]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Mikhail Razvozhayev]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|[[Southern Federal District|Southern]]<ref name=":0"/><ref name="RBC"/>
|[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|align="right"|864
|align="right"|547,820
|align="right"|634.05
|align="right"|2014
|-style="height:50px;"
|86
|[[Donetsk People's Republic]]{{Ref_label|d|d|none}}{{Ref_label|f|f|none}}
|[[Donetsk]]
|[[File:Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of the Donetsk People's Republic.svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[republics of Russia|republic]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Denis Pushilin]] ([[United Russia|UR]]/[[Donetsk Republic (movement)|ODDR]])
|
|
|align="right"|26,517{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|4,100,280<ref name="ua2021estimate">{{cite book |url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2021/zb_chuselnist%202021.pdf |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine]] |location=Kyiv |language=uk,en |script-title=uk:"Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2021" |title=Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211221135256/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2021/zb_chuselnist%202021.pdf |archive-date= Dec 21, 2021 }}</ref>{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|154.63{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|2022
|-style="height:50px;"
|87
|[[Luhansk People's Republic]]{{Ref_label|d|d|none}}{{Ref_label|f|f|none}}
|[[Luhansk]]
|[[File:Flag of the Luhansk People's Republic.svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:COA LPR oct 2014.svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Leonid Pasechnik]] ([[United Russia|UR]]/[[Peace to Luhanshchyna|ML]])
|
|
|align="right"|26,684{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|2,121,322<ref name="ua2021estimate" />{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|79.50{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|2022
|-style="height:50px;"
|88
|[[Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporozhye Oblast]]{{Ref_label|d|d|none}}{{Ref_label|f|f|none}}
|{{ubli|[[Melitopol]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|[[Zaporizhzhia]] {{small|(''claimed'')}}}}
|[[File:Flag of the Russian administered Zaporizhzhia Oblast (1).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of the Russian administered Zaporizhzhia Oblast.svg|45x45px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[oblasts of Russia|oblast]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Yevgeny Balitsky]] ([[United Russia|UR]])
|
|
|align="right"|27,183{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|1,666,515<ref name="ua2021estimate" />{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|61.31{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|2022
|-style="height:50px;"
|89
|[[Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast|Kherson Oblast]]{{Ref_label|d|d|none}}{{Ref_label|f|f|none}}
|{{ubli|[[Henichesk]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|[[Kherson]] {{small|(''claimed'')}}}}(Largest city: [[Kherson]])
|[[File:Flag of Kherson Oblast (Russia).svg|border|45x45px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of the Kherson Military-Civil Administration (30 Sept Rendition).svg|45x45px]]
|{{n/a}}
|[[Vladimir Saldo]] ([[Independent politician|Ind.]])
|
|
|align="right"|28,461{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|1,016,707<ref name="ua2021estimate" />{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|35.72{{Ref_label|g|g|none}}
|align="right"|2022
|}

===Notes===
{{Refbegin}}{{ordered list|type=lower-alpha
| {{Note_label|a|a|none}} The largest city is also listed when it is different from the capital/administrative centre.
| {{Note_label|b|b|none}} According to Article 13 of the Charter of Leningrad Oblast, the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of [[Saint Petersburg]]. However, Saint Petersburg is not officially the administrative centre of the oblast.
| {{Note_label|c|c|none}} According to Article 24 of the Charter of Moscow Oblast, the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of [[Moscow]] and throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast. However, Moscow is not officially the administrative centre of the oblast.
| {{Note_label|d|d|none}} [[Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine|Internationally recognized]] as part of Ukraine.
| {{Note_label|e|e|none}} In February 2000, the former code of 20 for the Chechen Republic was cancelled and replaced with code 95. License plate production was suspended due to the Chechen Wars, causing numerous issues, which in turn forced the region to use a new code.
| {{Note_label|f|f|none}} Claimed, but only partially controlled by Russia.
| {{Note_label|g|g|none}} As Russia only partially controls the region, this is a claimed figure.
}}
{{Refend}}

==Statistics of federal subjects==
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP]]
*[[Armorial of Russia]] (Coat of arms of Russian federal subjects)
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by incidence of substance abuse]]
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by GDP per capita]]
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by murder rate]]
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy]]
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by population]]
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by total fertility rate]]
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by Human Development Index]]
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by unemployment rate]]
*[[Regional parliaments of Russia]]
*[[List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia]]
*[[Forest cover by federal subject in Russia]]
*[[ISO 3166-2:RU]]

==Mergers, splits and internal territorial changes {{anchor|Mergers}}==
[[File:Russian Subjects merged.png|thumb|center|upright=1.8|Map of the federal subjects of Russia highlighting those that merged in the first decade of the 21st century (in yellow), and those whose merger has been discussed in the same decade (in orange)]]
Starting in 2005, some of the federal subjects were merged into larger territories. In this process, six very sparsely populated subjects (comprising in total 0.3% of the population of Russia) were integrated into more populated subjects, with the hope that the economic development of those territories would benefit from the much larger means of their neighbours. The merging process was finished on 1 March 2008. No new mergers have been planned since March 2008. The six territories became "administrative-territorial regions with special status". They have large proportions of minorities, with Russians being a majority only in three of them. Four of those territories have a second official language in addition to Russian: [[Buryat language|Buryat]] (in two of the merged territories), [[Komi-Perm language|Komi-Permian]], [[Koryak language|Koryak]]. This is an exception: all the other official languages of Russia (other than Russian) are set by the Constitutions of its constituent Republics ([[Mordovia]], [[Chechnya]], [[Dagestan]] etc.). The status of the "administrative-territorial regions with special status" has been a subject of criticism because it does not appear in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Date of referendum
! Date of merger
! Original entities
! Original codes
! New code
! Original entities
! New entity
|-
| 2003-12-07
| 2005-12-01
| style="text-align:center;"|1, 1a
| style="text-align:center;"|59 (1), 81 (1a)
| style="text-align:center;"|90
| [[Perm Oblast]] (1) + [[Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug]] (1a)
| [[Perm Krai]]
|-
| 2005-04-17
| 2007-01-01
| style="text-align:center;"|2, 2a, 2b
| style="text-align:center;"|24 (2), 88 (2a), 84 (2b)
| style="text-align:center;"|24
| [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] (2) + [[Evenk Autonomous Okrug]] (2a) + [[Taymyr Autonomous Okrug]] (2b)
| [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
|-
| 2005-10-23
| 2007-07-01
| style="text-align:center;"|3, 3a
| style="text-align:center;"|41 (3), 82 (3a)
| style="text-align:center;"|91
| [[Kamchatka Oblast]] (3) + [[Koryak Autonomous Okrug]] (3a)
| [[Kamchatka Krai]]
|-
| 2006-04-16
| 2008-01-01
| style="text-align:center;"|4, 4a
| style="text-align:center;"|38 (4), 85 (4a)
| style="text-align:center;"|38
| [[Irkutsk Oblast]] (4) + [[Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug]] (4a)
| [[Irkutsk Oblast]]
|-
| 2007-03-11
| 2008-03-01
| style="text-align:center;"|5, 5a
| style="text-align:center;"|75 (5), 80 (5a)
| style="text-align:center;"|92
| [[Chita Oblast]] (5) + [[Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug]] (5a)
| [[Zabaykalsky Krai]]
|}
In addition to those six territories that entirely ceased to be subjects of the Russian Federation and were downgraded to territories with special status, another three subjects have a status of subject but are simultaneously part of a more populated subject:

*[[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] (2010 population of 42,090) has been a subject since 1993, but is also, according to its Constitution, part of [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]]
*[[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]] obtained autonomy in 1977, but is also part of [[Tyumen Oblast]]
*[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] obtained the status of subject in 1992 (after obtaining autonomy in 1977), but is also part of Tyumen Oblast.

With an estimated population of 49,348 as of 2018, [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]] is currently the least populated subject of Russia that is not part of a more populated subject. It was separated from [[Magadan Oblast]] in 1993. Chukotka is one of the richest subjects of Russia (with a gross regional product [GRP] per capita equivalent to that of Australia) and therefore does not fit in the pattern of merging a subject to benefit from the economic dynamism of the neighbour.

In 1992, [[Ingushetia]] separated from [[Chechnya]] to stay away from the growing violence in Chechnya. Those two Muslim republics, populated in vast majority (95%+) by closely related [[Nakh peoples|Vainakh people]], speaking [[Vainakhish language]]s, remain the two poorest subjects of Russia, with the GRP per capita of Ingushetia being equivalent to that of Iraq. According to 2016 statistics, however, they are also the safest regions of Russia, and also have the lowest alcohol consumption, with alcohol poisoning at least 40 times lower than the federal average.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:БГД - Регионы России. Социально-экономические показатели - 2017 г. |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/bgd/regl/b17_14p/Main.htm  |website=rosstat.gov.ru }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=https://fedstat.ru/indicator/31270 |script-title=ru:Число умерших по основным классам и отдельным причинам смерти в расчете на 100000 населения за год |website=ЕМИСС |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326204143/https://fedstat.ru/indicator/31270|archive-date=March 26, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=2958301|script-title=ru:"Рейтинг трезвости-2017": кто в России меньше всех пьет |language=Russian |date=November 27, 2017 |website=Вести.Ru |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702035502/https://www.vesti.ru/article/1652224 |archive-date= Jul 2, 2023 }}</ref>

Until 1994, [[Sokolsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] was part of [[Ivanovo Oblast]].

In 2011–2012, the territory of Moscow increased by 140% (to {{cvt|2511|km2}}) by acquiring part of [[Moscow Oblast]].

On 13 May 2020, the governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced their plan to merge following the collapse of oil prices stemming from the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|title='Catastrophic' economic situation prompts merger talks for Nenets AO and Arkhangelsk Oblast|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/2020/05/catastrophic-economic-situation-prompts-merger-talks-nenets-ao-and-arkhangelsk-oblast|last=Quinn|first=Eilís|date=2020-05-14|website=The Barents Observer|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian Regions to Become Single Federal Subject in Decade-First|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/05/13/russian-regions-to-become-single-federal-subject-in-decade-first-a70263|date=2020-05-13|website=[[The Moscow Times]]|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> The process was scrapped on 2 July due to its unpopularity among the population.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Antonova|first=Elizaveta|date=2 July 2020|title=The head of the Nenets Autonomous District declared refusal to unite with the Arkhangelsk region|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/02/07/2020/5efe1a469a7947457ecd4b4f|access-date=6 July 2020|website=RBC|language=ru}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Subdivisions of Russia]]
*[[Federal districts of Russia]]
*[[Economic regions of Russia]]
*[[History of the administrative division of Russia]]
*[[Armorial of Russia]]
*[[Republics of the Soviet Union]]
*[[Flags of the Soviet Republics]]
*[[Flags of the federal subjects of Russia]]
*[[List of federal subjects of Russia by population]]
*[[List of heads of federal subjects of Russia]]
*[[Russian volunteer battalions]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaBasicLawRef}}

{{Federal subjects of Russia}}
{{Lists of Russian federal subjects}}
{{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries}}
{{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of Asian countries}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Federal subjects of Russia| ]]
[[Category:Administrative divisions in Europe|Russia 1]]
[[Category:First-level administrative divisions by country|Subjects, Russian Federation]]
[[Category:Federal subjects of Russia-related lists| ]]
[[Category:Countries and territories where Russian is an official language]]
[[Category:History of Russia (1991–present)]]